Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABSC 444 Early Childhood Education > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Early Childhood Education flashcards Sight Words (Ages 4-6) flashcards
1
Q

Define Extinction-

A

Discontinuation of an Already Existing reinforcement for a given behavior, leading to a decrease in its frequency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In order for the process to qualify as Extinction-

A
  • The process must Break the Response-Reinforcer Contingency
  • The behavior you’re putting on extinction must have been previously reinforced.
  • Behavior no longer results in reinforcement & stops occurring in the future.
  • The procedure must Actually Withhold the functioning Reinforcer.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If the bx is maintained by…

SR+?

SR-?

Automatic SR?

A

+SR: No longer deliver positive reinforcement
-SR: No longer terminate the ongoing event (-SR)
Auto: Modify source of stimulation so behavior no longer produces it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Factors determining Speed of Extinction Process?

A
  • Reinforcement history
  • Response Effort
  • Correlated Stimuli
  • Alternate Sources of Reinforcement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain how Reinforcement History impacts the Speed of the Extinction Process-

A

The behavior will extinguish faster if:

  • It has been Continuously reinforced
  • It has been maintained by a Smaller Magnitude of Reinforcement
  • It has been reinforced under Highly Specific Conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain how Response Effort impacts the Speed of the Extinction Process-

A

The behavior will extinguish faster if:

- It requires More Effort to complete (exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain how Correlated Stimuli impacts the Speed of the Extinction Process-

A

The behavior will extinguish faster if:

- Discriminative stimuli are eliminated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain how Alternate Sources of Reinforcement impacts the Speed of the Extinction Process-

A

The behavior will extinguish faster if:

- Another Response is available to receive Sr+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some Cautions in performing Extinction?

A
  • Dangerous behaviors
  • If you Give Up after an extinction burst, you may worsen the behavior
  • There may be Multiple Reinforcers maintaining the bx.
  • Spontaneous Recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increases in other responses as a result of extinction?

A

Aggression

  • Emotional Responding
  • Previously Reinforced Behaviors (resurgence)
  • Increased Variability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Strategies for Implementing Extinction?

A
  • Plan to start under conditions in which a burst can be tolerated.
  • Be Consistent
  • Combine with Reinforcement and Prompting Strategies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain Shaping-

A
  • A procedure in which one reinforces Successive Approximations toward a tx.
  • Useful when you have to teach a Single behavior
  • Involves the use of Differential Reinforcement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In Shaping, does the individual already have the behavior in their repertoire?

A

Nope. Not in the slightest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Steps of Shaping-

A
  • Define the Target Behavior.
  • Identify the first bx to reinforce
  • Identify bx to put on extinction
  • Differentially Reinforce Approximations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Limitations of Shaping?

A
  • Requires Skillful training: Attention to Detail, Experience judging approximations (Flexibility)
  • Progress is not always Smooth or Predictable
  • May unintentionally reinforce alternate or Harmful Behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Other Techniques can be paired with Shaping?

A
  • Reinforcing
  • Prompting/modeling
  • Chaining
17
Q

Explain a Behavior Chain-

A

A complex behavior consisting of many Component Behaviors that Occur in a Sequence.

  • Used to Link Together components of a given behavior.
  • One step creates a Signal for the Next Step.
  • Completing the next step Reinforces the step that Precedes it.
18
Q

Explain Task Analysis-

A

Way to Identify and Breakdown a complex behavior chain into its component parts. (kids explaining to dad how to make a pbj)

  • List components of a behavior chain in sequence.
19
Q

What are some questions to ask yourself when conducting Task Analysis?

A
  • What Pre-Req skill does the child need in order to engage in this tx?
  • What Materials are required?
  • In what sequence should the task be completed?
20
Q

Ways to identify steps in a TA?

A
  • Perform it yourself
  • Watch a Competent Model
  • Ask and Expert
  • Level of Detail is going to depend on the Skill Level of the Learner
21
Q

Steps of Teaching TA?

A
  • Identify component skills
    • TA
  • Identify effective SR
    • Must be Naturally Occurring
  • Identify way to Implement Chaining
22
Q

Explain Forward Chaining-

Advantages/Disadvantages?

A

Start by teaching the First Link in Sequence and use Physical assistance for the rest of the steps.

Advantage: Steps are taught in order they are performed.

Disadvantage: Natural SR doesn’t immediately follow early parts of chain

23
Q

Explain Backward Chaining-

Advantage/Disadvantage?

A

Start by teaching the Last behavior. (More difficult).
Come in contact with Highly Reinforcing Consequence.

Advantage: Child completes chain each time and accesses Terminal Reinforcer.

Disadvantage: Does not allow for learning in Sequence (backward chaining…)

Recommended when student’s Learning History is Unknown

24
Q

Explain Total Task Chaining-

Advantage/Disadvantage?

A

Teach Every Step of the chain until Entire chain is taught
- Exposure to All Steps from beginning.

Advantage: Able to perform steps in sequence from Beginning.

Disadvantage: Requires continuous Assessment & Adjustment

25
Q

What are some factors that play into a child’s lack of Quality Teaching?

A

Educational/Socioeconomic Factors

  • Lack of Academic Resources at home
  • Undereducated Parents
  • Inadequate Living circumstances
26
Q

Explain Developmentally Appropriate Practice-

A

Intentional and Systematic:

  • What and When to teach
  • Evaluating teaching

Designed to reach All Students:

  • Identifying Individual Strengths and Preferences.
  • Direct Instruction
  • Embedding instruction Across Routines (promoting Generalization)
27
Q

Explain Direct Instruction-

Advantages/Disadvantages?

A

Teacher Directed Instruction-

  • Relatively Fast Paced
  • Fading Prompts
  • Building on what has been already been learned

What “We” Do:

  • Explore Concept with Teachers Help
  • Provide Prompts
  • Fade Prompts

What You Do:

  • Independent Practice
  • Aiding Motivation
    • Allow for choice: of Task, Reinforcer

Advantages:

  • Ensures opportunities for teaching
  • Freedom to Create teaching Conditions
28
Q

Explain Embedded Teaching-

Advantages?

A

Implementing teaching strategies with Ongoing Activities and Routines. E.g.- Pointing to body parts while changing diaper; Counting napkins while setting table; Describing colors while painting (maximizing opportunities)

Advantages:

  • Generalization
  • Maintain child Interest and Participation
29
Q

Embedded Teaching vs. Direct Instruction-

A

Embedded Teaching:

- More Developmentally Appropriate

ABSC 444 Early Childhood Education (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions