Exam 6 Flashcards
utility of cytology as diagnostic tool
Non-invasive
No sedation or anesthesia
Quick
Cost effective
Info to aid clinicians in the next steps
limitations of cytology as a diagnostic tool
small sample size
no tissue architecture
non-diagnostic samples
poor cellularity/poorly exfoliative
lyse cells
blood contamination
improper slide prep
improper stain technique
artifact - formalin, lubricant, squamous epithelial cells or keratin, cold temp, Hb crystals, platelet clumps
four cytology sample collection methods
- fenestration aspirate
- with suction aspirate
- swab
- blot/impression
most important components of a cytology report
description
interpretation
comments
examples of highly cellular cytology samples
lymphoid tissue
inflam tissue
epithelial tissue
round cell neoplasia
examples of poorly cellular cytology samples
fluid filled cysts
keratin cysts
hematomas
hemorrhage
seromas
urine
anisocytosis
variation in cell size
anisokaryosis
variation in nuclear size
characteristics of malignancy
anisocytosis
anisokaryosis
nuclear molding
multiple nuclei
mitotic figures
increased N:C ratio
atypical cytoplasmic vacuolation
nuclear pleomorphism
atypical chromatin pattern
cause of high protein (modified) transudate
increased hydrostatic pressure
cause of neoplastic effusions
increased hydrostatic pressure
decrease in oncotic pressure
increased vascular permeability
decreased lymphatic drainage
cause of transudate effusion
decreased oncotic pressure
cause of exudate or hemorrhage effusion
increased vascular permeability
cause of chylous effusion
decreased lymphatic drainage
cause of uroabdomen effusion
rupture bladder
cause of bilious effusion (bile peritonitis)
rupture gallbladder
normal fluid is termed _____
normal amount in a horse is _____
transudate
0.5-2L
colorless fluid
normal, transudate
yellow fluid
icterus
red, orange fluid
blood contamination, hemorrhage
green fluid
bile
brown, black fluid
melanin
white, tan fluid
inflammation
neoplasia
white following centrifugation
lipid (chylomicrons)
creatinine and potassium values indicative of uroabdomen
Creatinine in fluid 2x that of serum
K+ in fluid 1.4x that of serum
triglycerides and cholesterol values indicative of chylous effusion
triglycerides > 100 or if fluid 2x serum
cholesterol serum > fluid
bilirubin value indicative of bilious effusion
fluid > serum
A:G ratio suggestive of FIP
< 0.8
glucose and lactate values suggestive of septic effusion
glucose serum-fluid > 20
lactate fluid-serum >2.0
