Exam 6

Question 1

utility of cytology as diagnostic tool

Answer 1

Non-invasive
No sedation or anesthesia
Quick
Cost effective
Info to aid clinicians in the next steps

Question 2

limitations of cytology as a diagnostic tool

Answer 2

small sample size
no tissue architecture
non-diagnostic samples
poor cellularity/poorly exfoliative
lyse cells
blood contamination
improper slide prep
improper stain technique
artifact - formalin, lubricant, squamous epithelial cells or keratin, cold temp, Hb crystals, platelet clumps

Question 3

four cytology sample collection methods

Answer 3

1. fenestration aspirate
2. with suction aspirate
3. swab
4. blot/impression

Question 4

most important components of a cytology report

Answer 4

description
interpretation
comments

Question 5

examples of highly cellular cytology samples

Answer 5

lymphoid tissue
inflam tissue
epithelial tissue
round cell neoplasia

Question 6

examples of poorly cellular cytology samples

Answer 6

fluid filled cysts
keratin cysts
hematomas
hemorrhage
seromas
urine

Question 6

anisocytosis

Answer 6

variation in cell size

Question 6

anisokaryosis

Answer 6

variation in nuclear size

Question 6

characteristics of malignancy

Answer 6

anisocytosis
anisokaryosis
nuclear molding
multiple nuclei
mitotic figures
increased N:C ratio
atypical cytoplasmic vacuolation
nuclear pleomorphism
atypical chromatin pattern

Question 6

cause of high protein (modified) transudate

Answer 6

increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

cause of neoplastic effusions

Answer 6

increased hydrostatic pressure
decrease in oncotic pressure
increased vascular permeability
decreased lymphatic drainage

Question 7

cause of transudate effusion

Answer 7

decreased oncotic pressure

Question 7

cause of exudate or hemorrhage effusion

Answer 7

increased vascular permeability

Question 7

cause of chylous effusion

Answer 7

decreased lymphatic drainage

Question 7

cause of uroabdomen effusion

Answer 7

rupture bladder

Question 8

cause of bilious effusion (bile peritonitis)

Answer 8

rupture gallbladder

Question 8

normal fluid is termed _____

normal amount in a horse is _____

Answer 8

transudate

0.5-2L

Question 9

colorless fluid

Answer 9

normal, transudate

Question 10

yellow fluid

Answer 10

icterus

Question 11

red, orange fluid

Answer 11

blood contamination, hemorrhage

Question 12

green fluid

Answer 12

bile

Question 13

brown, black fluid

Answer 13

melanin

Question 14

white, tan fluid

Answer 14

inflammation
neoplasia

Question 15

white following centrifugation

Answer 15

lipid (chylomicrons)

Question 16

creatinine and potassium values indicative of uroabdomen

Answer 16

Creatinine in fluid 2x that of serum

K+ in fluid 1.4x that of serum

Question 17

triglycerides and cholesterol values indicative of chylous effusion

Answer 17

triglycerides > 100 or if fluid 2x serum

cholesterol serum > fluid

Question 18

bilirubin value indicative of bilious effusion

Answer 18

fluid > serum

Question 19

A:G ratio suggestive of FIP

Answer 19

< 0.8

Question 20

glucose and lactate values suggestive of septic effusion

Answer 20

glucose serum-fluid > 20

lactate fluid-serum >2.0