Differentials Flashcards
normocytic normochromic anemia
functional bone marrow
chronic renal disease
hepatic disease
anemia of chronic disease
pure red cell aplasia
endocrinopathies
normocytic normochromic anemia
non-functional bone marrow
myelophthisis
aplastic anemia/pancytopenia (drugs, toxins, infection, irradiation)
infectious disease
microcytic hypochromic anemia
Fe deficiency (primarily hemorrhage)
dyserythropoiesis
portosystemic shunts
macrocytic normochromic anemia
horse regenerative resp
FeLV
macrocytic hypochromic anemia
regenerative resp (reticulocytosis)
hypoalbuminemia differentials
decreased production
- liver failure
- starvation/malabsorption
- EPI
- APP resp (-) decrease w inflam
selective loss via glomerular disease
hyperalbuminemia differentials
DEHYDRATION
panhypoproteinemia differentials
blood loss
PLE
exudative skin diseases/burns
pre-renal azotemia differentials
increased BUN & Cr = decreased perfusion (dehydration, shock, hypovolemia)
increased BUN = high protein diet, fever, exercise, necrosis, starvation, GI bleed
renal azotemia differentials
increased BUN & Cr due to renal disease
post-renal azotemia differentials
obstruction
uroabdomen
pre-glomerular proteinuria differentials
hyperproteinemia, fever, exercise
glomerular proteinuria differentials
damage to glomerulus
post-glomerular proteinuria differentials
renal tubular dysfunction
hemorrhage
inflammation
hyperbilirubinemia differentials
pre-hepatic - hemolysis
hepatic - liver dysfunction
post-hepatic - obstruction/rupture, cholestasis
anorexia esp horses
hyperlipidemia differentials
post-prandial
cholestasis (cholesterol only)
pancreatitis
nephrotic syndrome
hyperlipidemic syndromes (schnauzers & ponies)
endocrinopathies (DM, metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s)
extreme negative energy balance
corticosteroids
hypocholesterolemia
liver failure
malabsorption/maldigestion
Addison’s
hypocalcemia differentials
most common is hypoalbuminemia (decreases protein bound Ca)
renal failure
pancreatitis
eclampsia/periparturient hypocalcemia
hypercalcemia differentials
most common hypercalcemia of malignancy
2 most common Addison’s disease
other - hyperparathyroidism, renal disease, vitamin D toxicosis
hyperphosphatemia differntials
decreased GFR
hypermagnesemia differentials
decreased GFR
hyponatremia differentials
diarrhea
horse sweat
renal tubular disease
secondary to DM
third space abnormalities
hypernatremia differentials
excess NaCl
hypokalemia differentials
alkalosis
diarrhea, vomiting (primary)
insulin
excitement
decreased intake/anorexia
renal loss - loop diuretics or CKD cats
hyperkalemia differentials
Addisons
obstruction, uroabdomen
oliguric renal failure
metabolic acidosis
hemolysis, thrombocytosis
DM (insulin def)
hypochloremia differentials
high gastric vomiting
proximal duodenal obstruction
hyperchloremia differentials
renal tubular acidosis
chronic resp alkalosis
excess NaCl
