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WBand > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Key Signature def

A

sharps and flats after clef at the beginning of a piece of music that indicates which notes will be sharped or flatted each time you play them in a piece

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2
Q

Whole steps vs half steps notes

A

Whole steps means there is a black key between the 2 keys. Half steps include 3/4 and 7/8 notes.

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3
Q

Intervals def

A

distance between 2 notes

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4
Q

Harmonic Interval def

A

when 2 notes of an interval are played together

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5
Q

Melodic Interval def

A

when 2 notes of an interval are played 1 after another

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6
Q

Determining Intervals

A
  • count bottom and top notes + notes in between for the #

- use perfect or major/minor

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7
Q

How to know if it’s major or minor?

A

Look at bottom note for key signature. If top note is in the scale, it’s major. If not, it’s minor.

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8
Q

Perfect?

A

Unison, 4th, 5th, 8ve

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9
Q

Major/Minor?

A

2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th

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10
Q

Show relation between the perfects/major/minor and the augmented/diminished.

A

Diminished - Perfect - Augmented
Diminished - Minor - Major - Augmented

  • means 1 semitone
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11
Q 
Accidental
Sibito
Meno mosso
Piu
Interval
Chord
Fermata
Caesura
Marcato
Tenuto
Staccatto
Forte piano
Sforzando
Da capo
Dal segno
Accent
Crescendo
Decrescendo:
Natural
A
  • sharp/flat/natural not part of key signiture
  • suddenly
  • less motion
  • more
  • difference between 2 pitches
  • 3+ notes played simutaneously
  • hold note longer than its value
  • full stop (//)
  • strong detached accent (^ on top of note)
  • play for full value (_ under note)
  • short, detached
  • loud, then soft (fp)
  • suddenly loud (sfz)
  • go to beginning (DC)
  • go to the symbol (DS)
  • with emphasis (> under or on top of note)
  • gradually get louder
  • gradually get softer
  • an accidental; cancels out sharp/flat for the bar
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12
Q

Elements of Music: Rhythm

A

Time

  1. Duration
  2. Tempo: speed of a piece that should be played
    - Largo, lento, andante, moderato, allegro/vivace
  3. Meter
    - Numerator is number of beats per bar and denominator is the value of each beat
    - Syncopation, ritardando/rallentando, accelerando
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13
Q

Elements of Music: Dynamics

A

Relative loudness or volume

  1. Pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano, mezzo-forte, forte, fortissimo
  2. Accents to emphasize notes (1st and 3rd)
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14
Q

Elements of Music: Melody

A

Linear series of pitches

  1. Pitch: highness or lowness of a sound
    - Conjunct: smooth
    - Disjunct: Disjunct
  2. Range: wide, narrow, intermediate
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15
Q

Elements of Music: Harmony

A

Agreement to the melody

  • Dissonance: harsh sounding harmonic combination
  • Consonance: smooth sounding harmonic combination
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16
Q

Elements of Music: Timbre

A

Character of musical sound

  • Instruments
17
Q

Elements of Music: Texture

A

Relationship of musical lines

  • Monophonic: 1 melody, no harmony
  • Homophonic: 1 melody, harmony
  • Polyphonic: 2+ melodies (eg. canons)
18
Q

Elements of Music: Form

A

Structure

  • Binary: AB
  • Ternary: ABA
19
Q

Medieval: date, context, types

A
  • Date: 400-1400
  • Context: Nobility, clergy, peasants

Types:

  • Plain Song: sacred music
  • Gregorian Chant: type of plain song
  • Secular Music: sang by minstrels about love; simple; faster
20
Q

Medieval: timbre, melody, texture, rhythm

A
  • Timbre: Latin men’s vocals
  • Melody: Narrow range, stepwise
  • Texture: Monophonic
  • Rhythm: Free rhythm (no meter)
21
Q

Renaissance: date, context, types, composers

A
  • Date: 1400-1600
  • Context: Rise of the middle class, advances
  • Composers: Josquin de Prez, Giovanni Palestrina

Types:

  • Secular Music: about love
  • Madrigals: songs for small groups of vocies without instruments
22
Q

Renaissance: timbre, harmony, texture

A

Timbre:

  • Basic valveless instruments
  • Motet: 4 different vocal parts of equal importance
  • Harmony: Consonance
  • Texture: Polyphonic
23
Q

Baroque: date, context, composers

A
  • Date: 1600-1750
  • Context: Patronage system
  • Composers: JS Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, G.F. Handel
24
Q

Baroque: timbre, melody, harmony, texture, rhythm, form

A
  • Timbre: Harpsichord, strings
  • Melody: Elaborate, trills
  • Harmony: Minor/major
  • Texture: Polyphonic
  • Rhythm: Quick chord changes
  • Form: Asymmetrical
25
Q

Classical: date, context, composers, types

A
  • Date: 1750-1820
  • Context: Absolute Music
  • Composers: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Van Beethoven

Types:

  • Symphony: Orchestra
  • Concerto: Solo + orchestra
  • Sonata: Solo
26
Q

Classical: timbre, melody, texture, rhythm, form

A
  • Timbre: No harpsichord, valveless horns/trumpets. clarinets + bassoons
  • Melody: Simple, clear, use of cadences
  • Texture: Homophonic
  • Rhythm: Simple meters, constant tempos
  • Form: Symmetrical. ABA
27
Q

Romantic: date, context, composers, types

A
  • Date: 1820-1900
  • Context: individual expression, nationalism, change, program music (music that tells a story)
  • Composers: Richard Wagner, Antonin Dvorjak, Franz Schubert, Johannes Brahms

Types:

  • Tone poem: long one-movement works that tell a story
  • Concert overtures: operas that set mood
  • Romantic symphony: more instruments, flexible movements
28
Q

Romantic: timbre, melody, harmony, texture, rhythm, form

A
  • Timbre: piano (solo), rise of the brass
  • Melody: memorable, disjunct
  • Harmony: Dissonance, chromaticism
  • Rhythm: Rubato (robbed time), stretched (rit/accel)
  • Form/Texture: varied

WBand (5 decks)

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