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WBand > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

2 things needed to make sound

A

Vibration + buzzing

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2
Q

Largest + smallest instrument

A

Tuba and flute

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3
Q

Woodwinds

A
  • Flute
  • Oboe
  • Bassoon
  • Clarinet
  • Saxophone
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4
Q

Brass

A
  • Trumpet
  • Trombone
  • Baritone
  • French horn
  • Tuba
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5
Q

Double reeds?

A

Oboe + bassoon

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6
Q

Tuned percussion + def?

A
  • Xylophone
  • Tubular chimes
  • Timpani
    can hit different notes and have pitch
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7
Q

Untuned percussion + def

A
  • Triangle
  • Gong
  • Crash cymbals
    can only sound 1 note
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8
Q

Embouchure?

A
  • Say the word “Pooh” to get basic form

- Don’t puff out cheecks

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9
Q

How to take care of Trombone?

A
  1. Don’t jam mouthpiece in

2. Turn the knob to ensure the slide unit and bell unit stay together

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10
Q

Rhythm

A
  1. Tempo (fast, slow, changing?)
  2. Meter (time signature - 2/4, 3/4, etc., on the beat or off)
    Syncopation: rhythm places emphasis on weak beat

Length of notes/tempo (musical time)

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11
Q

Melody

A
  • Shape (ascending, descending)
  • Range (narrow - 1 to 5, medium - 6 to 9, wide - 10+)
  • Contour (wave, arch)
  • Movement (conjunct - stepwise, or disjunct - leaps)

The main tune

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12
Q

Harmony

A

Consonance (agreeable notes) or dissonance (unpleasant sounding, needs resolution)

2 or more pitches sounding together

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13
Q

Timbre

A
  1. Type of instruments

2. Dynamics

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14
Q

Texture

A

Monophonic - one line + percussion
Polyphonic - two or more melodic lines
Homophonic - melody with harmonic accompaniment

of parts happening at once

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15
Q

Form

A

Strophic form - one part, AA
Binary form - two parts, AB or AABB or ABAB
Ternary form - three parts, ABA

Structure/organization of a piece of music

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16
Q

Baroque: style

A

ornate (trills, grace notes)

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17
Q

Baroque: harmony

A
  • busy

- major/minor

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18
Q

Baroque: timbre

A
  • harpsichord
  • organ
  • strings
  • timpani
  • minimal woodwinds and brass
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19
Q

Baroque: rhythm

A
  • busy

- quick chord changes

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20
Q

Baroque: form

A

Assymetrical

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21
Q

Baroque: texture

A

polyphonic

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22
Q

Baroque: Patronage system

A

musicians were hired for their services; often times by a person, royalty, or churches

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23
Q

Baroque: orchestra

A
  • smaller than modern
  • focused around strings
  • flutes, oboes, bassoon, and natural horns (no valves) were added
  • timpani was only percussion
  • harpsichord + organ = harmonies
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24
Q

Baroque: basso continuo

A

a bass line; an improvised harmoney

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25
Q

Baroque: composers

A

Johann Sebastian Bach
Antonio Vivaldi
Goerge Frideric Handel

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26
Q

Baroque era: when?

A

1600-1750

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27
Q

Classical: when?

A

1750-1820

bach died

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28
Q

Classical: composers

A
  1. F.J Haydn
  2. W.A Mozart
  3. L. Beethoven
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29
Q

Classical: social + history

A
  • Vienna was musical centre
  • Industrial revolution = more $
  • French Revolution + Napoleonic Wars = more freedom for public to enjoy leisure activities
  • Patronage died out
  • Composers were self-employed and wrote for public = simpler
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30
Q

Classical: style

A
  • simpler, less busy than baroque

- absolute music

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31
Q

Classical: absolute music

A

“music for music’s sake” (not for dancing, storytelling or to celebrate anything)

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32
Q

Classical: melody

A
  • simple melody
  • balanced phrases (8 or 4 bars)
  • symmetrical question + answer structures
33
Q

Classical: texture

A

homophonic

34
Q

Classical: timbre

A
  • piano
  • strings
  • timpani
  • more use of woodwinds and brass
35
Q

Classical: harmony

A
  • slower chord changes
  • cadences resolved the end of a song
  • simpler, less busy
  • major/minor
36
Q

Classical: form

A
  • symmetrical

- structured forms (concerto, symphony, sonata)

37
Q

Classical: forms of this era

A
  1. Classical concerto (featured soloist + orchestra)
  2. Symphony (just orchestra)
  3. Sonata (1 or 2 solo instruments only, especially piano)
38
Q

Classical: orchestra

A
  • instrumental more important than vocal
  • key solo instrument: piano bc it could produce different dynamics
  • flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon were added as sections to orchestra
  • strings still used for flavour
39
Q

Romantic: when?

A

1820-1900

40
Q

Romantic: composers

A

Richard Wagner, Franz Schubert, Frederic Chopin, Johannes Brahms

41
Q

Romantic: social + history

A
  • Personal expression, emotion, wonder, and mystery in supernatural
  • Revolutions throughout Europe lead to the rise of NATIONALISM, leading composers to incorporate nationalist feelings in their pieces
  • EXOTICISM: composers wrote music inspired by exotic lands
  • Gesamtkunstwerk (total work of art)
  • More woman performers tho they struggles to be taken seriously as composers
42
Q

Romantic: style

A
  • emotional
  • extreme dynamics (crescendos/decrescendos)
  • programme music
43
Q

Romantic: harmony

A
  • dissonance

- chromatic

44
Q

Romantic: timbre

A
  • piano
  • more percussion
  • huge orchestra
45
Q

Romantic: texture

A
  • homophonic
46
Q

Romantic: rhythm

A
  • accelerado
  • ritardando
  • rubato = rob time
47
Q

Romantic: form

A
  • structured forms (tone poems, lieders/art songs)
48
Q

Romantic: orchestra

A
  • piano became common household instrument
  • valves were added to brass instruments
  • new key systems of woodwind instruments made them easier to play
49
Q

Romantic: programme music

A

music that tells a story or has a narrative

50
Q

Romantic: leitmotif

A

a musical theme attached to a character (ex. Star Wars Imperial March = Darth Vader)

51
Q

Accelerando

A

Increase of tempo in music

52
Q

Adagio

A

Slow

53
Q

Allegretto

A

Moderately fast

54
Q

Allegro

A

Really fast

55
Q

Andante

A

Moderately slow

56
Q

Diminuendo

A

Gradually growing softer. Decrescendo.

57
Q

Legato

A

Smooth, flowing

58
Q

Largo

A

Large, broad, slow and stately

59
Q

Legato

A

Smooth and connected

60
Q

Lento

A

Slow

61
Q

Piano

A

Soft

62
Q

Pianissimo

A

Very soft

63
Q

Ritardando

A

Gradually growing slower

64
Q

Staccato

A

Separate. Sounded in a short, detached manner

65
Q

Syncopation

A

The rhythmic result produced when a regularly accented beat is displaced onto an unaccented beat

66
Q

Tempo

A

The rate of speed at which a musical composition is performed

67
Q

Mezzo

A

m, Medium

68
Q

Forte

A

f, loud

69
Q

Fortissimo

A

ff, very loud

70
Q

Mezzo-forte

A

mf, medium loud

71
Q

Mezzo-piano

A

mp, medium quiet

72
Q

Pianissimo

A

pp, very quiet

73
Q

Sharp

A

Raise pitch half a semi-tone

74
Q

Flat

A

Lower pitch half a semi-tone

75
Q

Nationalism

A

Pride in one’s country

76
Q

Instruments in Basso Continuo?

A

Harpsichord

String bass

77
Q

Harpsichord def

A

Keyboard instrument, precursor to piano in baroque era

78
Q

Time signiture

A

Number of beats

What type of note represents 1 beat

79
Q

Exercises to warm up?

A
  1. Scales: learn pitches/fingering
  2. Long tones for good tones
  3. Tonguing: staccato

WBand (5 decks)

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