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Fundamentals NUR 101 > Exam 5 (Pharm) > Flashcards

Exam 5 (Pharm) Flashcards

1
Q

Reason for taking gingko

A

Improves circulation

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2
Q

Action of gingko

A

Protect neurons from oxidation

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3
Q

Contraindications of gingko (2)

A
  1. Bleeding disorders
  2. Seizure disorders
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4
Q

Gingko adverse reactions (6)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Dizziness
  3. Heart palpitations
  4. Constipation
  5. Upset stomach
  6. Skin irritations
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5
Q

Do not eat ___ of gingko

A

Raw leaves

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6
Q

Monitor for ___ , __ & ___ when taking gingko

A

Bleeding
Sz activity
Skin irritations

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7
Q

What are the reasons for taking morphine?

A

Moderate Pain
Severe Pain
Sedation

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8
Q

What is the action of morphine?

A

Binds to MU receptors in the central nervous system. Slows down CNS

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for morphine (3)?

A
  1. Decreased LOC, BP, or HR
  2. Severe Asthma
  3. Mixing with other opioids or CNS depressants
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10
Q

What are adverse reactions to morphine (7)?

A
  1. Respiratory depressant
  2. Hypotension
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Purititis
  5. Sedation
  6. Addiction
  7. Chronic Constipation
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11
Q

When taking morphine, monitor what (3)?

A

RR, BP, & LOC

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12
Q

When taking morphine, assess pt.’s what?

A

Pain level

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13
Q

When taking morphine, check __ before administering.

A

Level of consciousness

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14
Q

When taking morphine, monitor for s/s of__.

A

Overdose

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15
Q

Morphine pt. education. May cause ___/___. Therefore pt. should do these 2 things.

A

May cause dizziness/lightheadedness
1. Stand or change positions slowly
2. Caution when driving or operating heavy machinery

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16
Q

Morphine pt. education. May cause ___. Recommend using a ___.

A

May cause constipation
Recommend using a stool softener daily

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17
Q

Avoid ___ or ___ when taking morphine.

A

Alcohol or other CNS depressants (benzo)

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18
Q

Respiratory rate ___ hold and notify MD. (morphine)

A

Less than 10

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19
Q

S/S of morphine overdose

A

Decrease LOC & decreased respirations

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20
Q

Antidote for morphine is ___.

A

naloxone (Narcan)

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21
Q

Reason for taking aspirin

A

Post CVA, MI, & stent placements
larger dose: pain

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22
Q

Aspirin contraindications (4)

A

Many drugs
Amiodarone
PPI
CCB
NSAIDS

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23
Q

Aspirin Adverse reactions (5)

A

Bleeding
- Gums
- Nosebleeds
- Puncture sites
- Surgical sites
- Hematuria

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24
Q

Monitor for ____ or ____ with aspirin

A

Bleeding or bruising

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25
Q

Medication list for ___ (Aspirin)

A

Other NSAIDS, anticoagulants

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26
Q

Monitor ___ & ____ (Aspirin)

A

Platelets & hemoglobin (very little effect on these labs but if they are already low, could be an issue)

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27
Q

Report any ___ or ___ to your physician (pt. education Aspirin)

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

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28
Q

Do not crush ___ aspirin

A

Enteric-coated

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29
Q

Caution with ____, ____, and ____ (Aspirin)

A

Ginko, ginger, & st. john’s wart

30
Q

Reason for taking warfarin

A

Long term management of an MI, Afib, or any implantable devices

31
Q

Action of warfarin

A

Inhibits production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

32
Q

Warfarin contraindications (4)

A

Recent surgeries
GI bleeds
PUD
Many drug interactions

33
Q

Warfarin adverse reactions (3)

A

Bleeding
Purple Toe Syndrome
Warfarin Toxicity

34
Q

Assess ____ before and after administering warfarin

35
Q

Monitor ____ levels with warfarin (values)

A

PT/INR
1.0 normal
2 - 3.5 for therapeutic

36
Q

Be ready to administer ___ if bleeding occurs with warfarin

A

Vitamin K 10 mg

37
Q

For l____ t___ bleeding, administer (warfarin)

A

Life-threatening
Kcentra

38
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Avoid ___

39
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Report any ___ or ___ to physician

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

40
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Do not change intake amount of

A

Green leafy vegetables you eat

41
Q

(Pt. education, warfarin) Avoid all ___

A

Herbal medication

42
Q

What do you do if the warfarin level is toxic?

A

Stop medication, notify MD and prepare to administer vitamin K. Watch for bleeding

43
Q

What are examples of foods to avoid with warfarin?

A

Green leafy vegetables
Spinach, Kale, Cabbage, Lettuce, but also Tomatoes

44
Q

What 2 cardiac medications can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin?

A

Amiodarone & Diltiazem

45
Q

What drug is often used with warfarin until warfarin reaches a therapeutic level?

A

Heparin IV
D/c after warfarin reaches therapeutic level

46
Q

After receiving Vit. K, how long are pt.s resistant to warfarin?

A

Up to 7 days

47
Q

The liver will begin to make more clotting factors once warfarin is stopped, but it can take up to ___ reach homeostasis. What is given to speed to process along?

A

3 or 4 days
Vit. K is given

48
Q

Reason for taking Heparin
________ to prevent clot formation in pt. with the following conditions (5)

A

Prophylactically
1. MI (heart attack)
2. Atrial fibrillation
3. CVA
4. Post Stent
5. Implanted Devices

49
Q

Action of heparin
Inhibits __ formation. Specifically, lla (thrombin)
Lovenox works more on ____

A

Clot
Factor Xa

50
Q

Heparin contraindications (3)

A

Recent surgeries
GI bleed
PUD

51
Q

Adverse reaction to heparin (3)

A

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Excessive bleeding
Bruising

52
Q

Why is IV anticoagulant Heparin more dangerous?

A

Because bleeding can occur quickly

53
Q

Assess ___ before & after administering Heparin

54
Q

Assess low ___ (heparin)

A

Hemoglobin (anemia)

55
Q

Assess ___ levels before administering each dose of heparin

56
Q

___ levels bt. ___ & _____ is considered therapeutic (heparin)

A

PTT
bt. 46-70

57
Q

Check med list for other ___ heparin

A

Anti-coagulants

58
Q

Report any ___ or ___ to the physician (Pt. education, heparin)

A

Unusual bleeding or bruising

59
Q

(Pt. education) Rotate ___ with heparin

A

Injection sites

60
Q

Avoid ___ with Heparin

A

Medication that causes bleeding (ex. NSAIDS)

61
Q

(Pt. education) Heparin medication may ___

A

Burn or bruise

62
Q

What is a unique aspect to heparin administration?

A

Keep the air bubble in the syringe

63
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine Sulfate 1mg/100 units of heparin used

64
Q

What site is heparin anticoagulants administered on a pt.

A

Love handles (only)

65
Q

Reason for taking metoprolol (Lopressor) (3)

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina r/t (MI)

66
Q

Action of metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Blocks beta receptors which decrease effects of epinephrine & norepinephrine

67
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor) contraindications (3)

A

Heart blocks
Sick sinus syndrome (SA node not effective = HR slow followed by pauses and increase HR)
Bradycardia syndrome

68
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor) adverse reactions (3)

A

Rebound hypertension
Fatigue
Cold hands & feet

69
Q

What do you check before administering metoprolol (Lopressor)?

A

Bp & apical pulse

70
Q

Patient HR is 45 bpm, what should you do, if anything (metoprolol)(Lopressor)?

A

Hold & notify MD for orders.
Rule <60 hold

71
Q

Pt. should take metoprolol (Lopressor) at __

A

The same time everyday

72
Q

Diabetics on metoprolol (Lopressor) need to __, Why?

A

Monitor glucose
interferes with insulin production = lower BS

Fundamentals NUR 101 (8 decks)

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