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HGCT Fundamentals NUR 101 > Exam 4 Definitions > Flashcards

Exam 4 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of law?

A

Standard or rule of conduct established & enforced by government (Designed to protect the rights of the public)

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2
Q

What is litigation?

A

The process of taking legal action (start)

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3
Q

What is the plaintiff?

A

The person who brings a case against another in a court of law. The one who was wronged.

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4
Q

What is the defendant?

A

The individual, company, or institution being accused or sued in a court of law. Presumed innocent until proven guilty

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5
Q

What is the definition of public law?

A

Regulates relationships bt. Individuals & government

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6
Q

What is the definition of private law?

A

Regulates relationships among people

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7
Q

What is the definition of criminal law?

A

Defines criminal actions (e.g. murder, theft)

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8
Q

What is the definition of constitution law?

A

Fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. (Highest level of law)

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9
Q

What is the definition of statutory law?

A

Law enacted by a legislative body. (traffic regulation)

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10
Q

What is the definition of administrative law?

A

Body of law that regulates the operations and procedures of government agencies.

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11
Q

What is the definition of common law?

A

Law developed through court decisions rather than through statutes. (Ruling made be a judge)

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12
Q

What is a misdemeanor?

A

A less serious crime, typically punishable by a fine or a short jail term (<1 year)

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13
Q

What is a felony?

A

A more serious crime, usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year

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14
Q

What is tort?

A

A wrong committed by a person against another person or that person’s property; tried in civil court (malpractice)

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15
Q

What is a crime?

A

Wrong against a person or the person’s property as well as the public

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16
Q

4 elements of liability

A

Duty, Breach of duty, Causation, & Damages

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17
Q

What is duty?

A

The accepting of the assignment

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18
Q

What is breach of duty?

A

Did not meet the standards

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19
Q

What is causation?

A

Breach of duty caused something bad to happen

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20
Q

What is damages (liability)?

A

Pt. suffers (physical or emotional)

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21
Q

What is modeling in regards to value transmission?

A

A method of value transmission where individuals learn behaviors by observing others. Something learned in upbringing (parents)

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22
Q

What is moralizing in regards to value transmission?

A

A mode of value transmission that emphasizes the importance of moral lessons and ethical principles. (Church, school, etc.)

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23
Q

What is Laissez-faire in regards to value transmission?

A

An approach to value transmission that allows individuals to make their own choices without intervention. (when parents let you explore your values

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24
Q

What is rewarding & punishing in regards to value transmission?

A

A technique of value transmission that involves incentives and consequences to influence behavior. (parents punishing when you stray)

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25
Q

What is responsible choice in regards to value transmission?

A

A value transmission method that encourages individuals to make informed and accountable decisions. (after exploring, you decide what is best for you)

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26
Q

What is altruism?

A

Concern for welfare & well-being of others

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27
Q

What is autonomy?

A

Right to self-determination,
the ability to make one’s own decisions independently

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28
Q

What is human dignity?

A

Respect for inherent worth & uniqueness of individuals & population

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29
Q

What is integrity?

A

Acting according to code of ethics & standards of practice

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30
Q

What is social justice?

A

Upholding moral, legal, & humanistic rights

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31
Q

What are bioethics?

A

Life sciences

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32
Q

What are nursing ethics?

A

Ethics analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgements

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33
Q

What are feminist ethics?

A

Critiques existing patterns of oppression & domination in society especially affecting women & the poor

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34
Q

What is the utilitarian action-guiding theory?

A

The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action

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35
Q

What is the deontological action-guiding theory?

A

An action is right or wrong independent of its consequences

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36
Q

What is the autonomy principle-based approach?

A

Respect rights of pt. to make health care decisions

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37
Q

What is the nonmaleficence principle-based approach?

A

Avoid causing harm

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38
Q

What is the beneficence principle-based approach?

A

Benefit the patient

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39
Q

What is the justice principle-based approach?

A

Give each his or her due & act fairly

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40
Q

What is the fidelity principle-based approach?

A

Keep promises

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41
Q

What is the definition of an ethical dilemma?

A

2+ clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action (the choices)

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42
Q

What is the definition of ethical distress?

A

Occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do, but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action (the way it makes you feel)

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43
Q

What is actual loss?

A

Can be recognized by others

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44
Q

What is perceived loss?

A

Is felt by person but intangible to others

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45
Q

What is physical loss?

A

The loss of a tangible item or part of the body.

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46
Q

What is psychological loss?

A

The loss of emotional or mental well-being or support.

47
Q

What is maturational loss?

A

Experienced as a result of natural developmental process

48
Q

What is situational loss?

A

Experienced as a result of an unpredictable event

49
Q

What is anticipatory loss?

A

Loss has not yet taken place

50
Q

What the definition of grief?

A

Internal emotional reaction to loss

51
Q

What is the definition of bereavement?

A

State of grieving from loss of a loved one

52
Q

What is the definition of mourning?

A

Actions & expressions of grief, including the symbols and ceremonies that make up outward expressions of grief

53
Q

What is the definition of death?

A

The end of biological functions that sustain a living organism.

54
Q

What are advance directives?

A

Legal documents that outline a person’s preferences for medical treatment in case they are unable to communicate their wishes.

55
Q

What is spirituality?

A

Anything that pertains to the person’s relationship with a nonmaterial life force or higher power

56
Q

What is faith?

A

A confident belief in something for which there is no proof or evidence

57
Q

What is religion?

A

Term used to describe cultural or institutional religion

58
Q

What is hope?

A

Ingredient in life responsible for a positive outlook

59
Q

What is love?

A

Connectedness with others

60
Q

What is spirituality health & healing?

A

Spiritual needs are met

61
Q

Where is spirituality and everyday living found?

A

In health & illness

62
Q

What is primary health care?

A

Treatment of common health problems

63
Q

What is secondary health care?

A

Treatment of problems requiring more specialized clinical expertise

64
Q

What is tertiary health care?

A

Management of rare & complex disorders

65
Q

What is respite care?

A

Temporary relief for caregivers by providing short-term care for individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses.

66
Q

What is Hospice service?

A

Comprehensive care that focuses on the quality of life for patients with terminal illness.

67
Q

What is palliative care?

A

Specialized medical care that aims to provide relief from symptoms and stress of serious illness.

68
Q

What is culture?

A

Shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations

69
Q

What is subculture?

A

A group of people within a larger culture who differentiate themselves from the larger culture through distinct values, norms, and lifestyles.

70
Q

What is the definition of dominant group in society?

A

Group has the most authority to control values & sanctions of society

71
Q

What is the definition of a minority group in society?

A

A physical or cultural characteristic identifies the people as different from dominant group

72
Q

What is cultural assimilation?

A

The process by which a person or a group’s culture comes to resemble those of another group. (Values replaced by those of dominant culture)

73
Q

What is culture shock?

A

The feeling of disorientation experienced by someone when they are suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture. (May result in psychological discomfort or disturbances)

74
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

A social construct that categorizes people based on shared cultural traits, language, or national origin.

75
Q

What are cultural traits?

A

Characteristics and features that define and shape a culture.

76
Q

What is race?

A

A social construct used to categorize people based on physical characteristics such as skin color. (DNA structure)

77
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

Oversimplified and fixed ideas about a group or individuals that may not reflect reality.

78
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A preconceived opinion or judgment about a group or person, often based on stereotypes.

79
Q

What is discrimination?

A

The unjust treatment of different categories of people, often stemming from prejudice.

80
Q

What is cultural imposition?

A

Belief that everyone should conform to the majority belief system

81
Q

What is cultural blindness?

A

Ignores differences & proceeds as if they did not exist

82
Q

What is culture conflict?

A

People become aware of differences & feel threatened (Response: ridiculing beliefs & traditions of others to make themselves more secure

83
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Belief that one’s ideas, beliefs, & practice are the best or superior or are most preferred to those of others

84
Q

What is cultural competence?

A

The ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures.

85
Q

What is cultural awareness?

A

Recognition of the differences and dynamics of various cultural practices and values.

86
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnea?

A

A sleep disorder characterized by repetitive interruptions in breathing during sleep.

87
Q

What does dyssomnia mean?

A

Difficulty sleeping

88
Q

What is acute pain?

A

a type of pain that typically comes on suddenly and is usually sharp in quality, often indicating injury or illness.

89
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

a type of pain that persists for a long time, often lasting for more than 3 to 6 months, and may not have an obvious cause.

90
Q

What is nociceptive pain?

A

Caused by actual or threatened damage to tissue. Normal pain process.Pain receptors

91
Q

What is cutaneous pain?

A

Superficial pain involves the skin or subQ tissue. (paper cut or sunburn)

92
Q

What is somatic pain?

A

Pain on external wall structures originates in tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels, nerves. It’s scattered pain. (gnawing or cramping)

93
Q

What is visceral pain?

A

Internal organ pain poorly localized and originates in body organs in the chest, head, and abd (deep and aching)

94
Q

What neuropathic pain?

A

Nerve pain Described as burning, tingling, stabbing. (sharp/zinging pain)

95
Q

What is phantom pain?

A

a sensation of pain that feels like it’s coming from a body part that has been removed

96
Q

What is physical origin of pain?

A

Caused of pain can be identified

97
Q

What is psychogenic origin of pain?

A

Cause of pain cannot be identified

98
Q

What is referred origin of pain?

A

Pain is perceived in an area distant from its point of origin

99
Q

What is fraud?

A

An intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain.

100
Q

What is slander?

A

The action of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person’s reputation.

101
Q

What is battery?

A

The unlawful and intentional physical contact with another person. (touch)

102
Q

What is assault?

A

An intentional act that causes another person to fear imminent harmful or offensive contact. (verbal)

103
Q

What is libel?

A

A published false statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation.

104
Q

What is paternalism?

A

A practice or policy of managing or governing individuals or groups in a manner akin to that of a father to his children.
(parenting the pt.)

105
Q

What are the stages of grief?

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

106
Q

What is CHIP?

A

Children’s Health Insurance Program providing health coverage to uninsured children.

107
Q

What is Medicaid?

A

A government program that provides health coverage to low-income individuals and families. (the poor)

108
Q

What is Medicare?

A

A federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and older, and some younger individuals with disabilities. (the elderly)

109
Q

What is employer-based private insurance

A

Health insurance provided by employers as part of employee benefits.

110
Q

What is somnambulance?

A

Sleepwalking

111
Q

What is restless leg syndrome?

A

A disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually due to uncomfortable sensations.

112
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

A chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep.

113
Q

What is parasomnia?

A

Altered or unusual behavior during sleep
(Ex: Sleepwalking, Sleep talking, Nightmares, Bedwetting, Sleep apnea, Nighttime seizures, Sleep terrors, and Sleep paralysis)

HGCT Fundamentals NUR 101 (8 decks)

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