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Bio Final > Exam 5 Final > Flashcards

Exam 5 Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

During fermentation, _______ is _________ to lactic acid.

A

Pyruvate; reduced

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2
Q

Hemoglobin leaving an active (exercise) tissue is approximately _______% saturated.

A

20

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3
Q

Hemoglobin leaving a resting tissue is approximately ______% saturated.

A

75

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4
Q

Hemoglobin A is leaving an active tissue at ph 7.0. Hemoglobin molecule B is leaving an active tissue ph 7.5. Hemoglobin molecule C is leaving a resting tissue at ph 7.5. Which molecule will have the lowest percent saturation with oxygen?

A

A

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5
Q

What is the specific effect on carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

It binds to Hb and displaces O2

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6
Q

O2 leaves the heart towards the body in _______?

A

An artery

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7
Q

During fermentation in humans, what accepts the electrons from NADH?

A

Pyruvate

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8
Q

Which of the following produces all of the ATP synthesized during fermentation?

A

Glycolysis

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9
Q

In human cells, when does fermentation occur?

A

When the ETC is not running and cells need to reoxidize NADH to NAD+

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10
Q

How many heme groups are on each hemoglobin molecule?

A

4

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11
Q

What will be the PH of the blood of a person experiencing hydrogen cyanide poisoning?

A

More basic than normal

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12
Q

What is the specific effect of HCN poisoning?

A

It inhibits the passing of electrons to oxygen at the bottom of the ETC

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13
Q

Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the lungs and enters the blood. What does it bind to?

A

A heme group of hemoglobin

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14
Q

What is a major product of fermentation in humans?

A

Lactic acid

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15
Q

Where would you find one or more hydrogen bonds?

A

Between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule. And between a G and a C in a double stranded DNA molecule

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16
Q

What is an alpha helix?

A

A type of protein secondary structure

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17
Q

You are trying to design a diet and exercise regimen that will reduce blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. What is the independent variable of this experiment?

A

The diet and exercise regimen

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18
Q

In a controlled experiment, which variable is measured by the investigators?

A

The dependent variable

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19
Q

Insulin is a protein hormone therefore it is made up of?

A

Amino acids

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20
Q

Glucose is a…?

A

Monosaccharide

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21
Q

Which of the following is the best description of a polar covalent bond?

A

An unequal sharing of a pair of electrons

22
Q

Alli is an inhibitor of?

A

Lipase

23
Q

The triglycerides in butter

A

Have saturated fatty acids

24
Q

What does bile do?

A

Emulsifies fats

25
Q

Do human cells have a cell wall?

A

No

26
Q

What is a cell wall made up of?

A

Cellulose

27
Q

The biggest risk factor for melanoma is

A

UV exposure

28
Q

Which portion of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

The fatty acid tails

29
Q

Osmosis is?

A

The movement of water from a low concentration to a high concentration

30
Q

What do enzymes do to the rate of the reactions that they catalyze?

A

Increase it

31
Q

Thyroid hormone signaling is

A

Long distance

32
Q

Where would you find an RNA primer during DNA replication?

A

At the 3’ end of a leading strand

33
Q

Where can you find cells of a matastatic ovarian cancer?

A

In the other ovary, in the bloodstream and in the liver

34
Q

Daughter cells separate during

A

Cytokinesis

35
Q

What during the cell cycle does chromosome segregation ( separation of sister chromatids appear)

A

M

36
Q

What makes a cell a target for leptin?

A

Leptin receptor

37
Q

A mutation in BRCA1 can increase the risk of

A

Ovarian cancer

38
Q

The product of transcription is

A

An RNA molecule

39
Q

What makes the backbone of a DNA molecule

A

Amino acids

40
Q

Cells replicate their DNA during

A

S

41
Q

When a leptin binds the receptor (tyrosine kinase) what is the very next thing that happens?

A

The leptin receptor becomes activated on its intracellular side

42
Q

Where does transcription initiate?

A

At the start codon

43
Q

What is the final electron acceptor is cellular respiration?

A

O2

44
Q

Peroxisomal proteins are made ______ on _______ ribosomes

A

In the cytoplasm; free

45
Q

Of the molecules below, which is most reduced?

A

Glucose

46
Q

Which molecule gives up electrons to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

NADH

47
Q

Which micronutrient is required for synthesis of thyroid hormone?

A

Iron

48
Q

Which of the following can accept electrons during the citric acid cycle?

A

NADH

49
Q

What is the energy source used by ATP synthase in the mitochondrion?

A

PMF

50
Q

During translation, what brings amino acids to the ribosome?

A

tRNAs

Bio Final (5 decks)

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