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Bio Final > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which type of mutation changes one amino acid for another?

A

Missense

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2
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the promoters?

A

It is a DNA sequence

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3
Q

Which sequences in pre-mRNA are actually protein coding?

A

Exons

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4
Q

tRNAs enter ribosomes in the _______ site?

A

A

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5
Q

What recognizes a stop codon in the ______ site?

A

Release factor; A

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6
Q

The first step in urine formation is?

A

Filtration

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7
Q

A peroxisomal protein has a missense mutation in its peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS). Where will it be found?

A

The cytoplasm

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8
Q

Which kidney function requires large amounts of ATP?

A

Reabsorption

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9
Q

What do type 1 and type 2 diabetes have in common?

A

High levels of blood sugar

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10
Q

What is a micronutrient?

A

A nutrient required in small amounts

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11
Q

Splicing is the process that results in?

A

Removal of introns and joining of exons

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12
Q

A template DNA strand is 3’TAACTGATC5’. What is the corresponding mRNA?

A

5’AUUGACUAG3’

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13
Q

Transcription factors bind to the?

A

Promoter

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14
Q

Empty tRNAs exit the ribosome from the ______ site?

A

E

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15
Q

Which organelle is responsible for generating large amount of ATP?

A

The mitochondria

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16
Q

A lysosomal protein has a missense mutation in its lysosomal targeting sequence. Where will this protein end up?

A

It will be secreted by exocytosis

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17
Q

When GLUT4 is inserted into the cell membrane of liver cells, how does glucose enter cells?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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18
Q

Insulin has a mitogenic effect. Which gene (and corresponding protein) is expressed as a result of mitogenic insulin signaling?

A

Cyclin D

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19
Q

Which micronutrient is important for hemoglobin synthesis?

A

Iron

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20
Q

Which hormone causes a reduction in blood sugar levels?

A

Insulin

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21
Q

3’GAATTTGCA5’

3’GAGTTTCGA5’

What type of mutation is this?

A

Missense and silent

22
Q

Codons of ______ are read by ________ of _______?

A

mRNA; anticodons; tRNA

23
Q

What protein targeting sequence is found in RNA polymerase?

A

Nuclear localization sequence

24
Q

How is the next amino acid added to a growing protein during translation?

A

The peptide on the P site tRNA is transferred to the amino acid on the A site tRNA

25
Q

Does a growth factor receptor have an ER signal sequence?

A

Yes

26
Q

How does a membrane protein get to the membrane?

A

RER - vesicle - Golgi - vesicle - membrane

27
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

To break down fatty acids

28
Q

In Eukaryotic cells, which step(s) of gene expression occur in the nucleus?

A

Transcription, RNA processing

29
Q

Where in the digestive tract are oligo and disaccharides digested to monosaccharides?

A

The small intestine

30
Q

ATP synthesis is?

A

Endergonic

31
Q

During glycolysis, which molecule accepts electrons from glucose?

A

NAD+

32
Q

At the end of the citric acid cycle, which of the following molecules is holding electrons from glucose?

A

NADH

33
Q

H2O is a _______ form of ______?

A

Reduced; O2

34
Q

Which of the following is not required in order for glycolysis to run?

A

O2

35
Q

Which molecule accepts electrons at the bottom of the ETC?

A

O2

36
Q

Which molecule(s) directly donate electrons to the electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2

37
Q

As a result of cellular respiration glucose becomes ______ to _________?

A

Oxidized; CO2

38
Q

During pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle, which molecule accepts electrons from the electron donor?

A

NAD+

39
Q

Glucose –> pyruvate is a(n) _____?

A

Oxidation

40
Q

How is the PMF generated?

A

Proton pumping by the ETC from the mitochondrial matrix to the IMS

41
Q

Which is the correct order of molecules from most reduced to most oxidized?

A

Glucose –> pyruvate –> acetyl CoA –> CO2

42
Q

What is the immediate source of energy for ATP synthase?

A

The proton motive force

43
Q

What is the cause of death in a person exposes to DNP?

A

Extreme elevation of body temperature

44
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

The use of the proton motive force to make ATP

45
Q

In the presence of DNP, what happens to most of the energy stored in glucose?

A

It is released as heat

46
Q

The reaction ADP + Pi –> ATP can be characterized as?

A

Phosphorylation and endergonic

47
Q

What does DNP do?

A

It creates a proton (H+) channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane

48
Q

What stage(s) of cellular respiration occur(s) in the cytoplasm?

A

Glycolysis

49
Q

In normal cells, how do protons (H+) move from the IMS to the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

Facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase

50
Q

What happens to the energy stored in glucose during cellular respiration?

A

Some is captured as ATP and some is released as heat

Bio Final (5 decks)

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