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Bio Final > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis?

A

Right (3’ to 5’)

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2
Q

What does DNA polymerase 3 add the next nucleotide to?

A

The 3’ OH

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3
Q

Which of the following would allow a cancer cell to divide in the absence of growth factors?

A

Mutant, active Raf and an absence of Rb

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4
Q

Which kinase phosphorylates Mek?

A

Raf

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5
Q

Which phosphorylates Rb?

A

Cyclin D-cdk

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6
Q

Interphase consists of?

A

G1, G2, S

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7
Q

Which of following best describes how insulin signals cells?

A

Insulin binds to a receptor which then initiates signal transduction which then leads to the cell taking up glucose

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8
Q

In growth factor signaling, which molecule enters the nucleus to phosphorylates a transcription factor and initiate expression of the cyclin D gene?

A

Erk-P

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9
Q

Which portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase binds the signal molecule?

A

A. The very top hook looking part

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10
Q

If leptin is made but can’t bind its receptor, what do you predict about weight and leptin levels?

A

High weight; high leptin

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11
Q

A child’s leptin receptors cannot bind leptin. What do you predict about the child’s weight?

A

Overweight/ obese

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12
Q

A mouse that cannot make leptin will be?

A

Overweight

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13
Q

Where is leptin made?

A

Adipose tissue (fat)

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14
Q

What signal is sent by leptin?

A

A feeling of satiety (fullness)

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15
Q

A child produces leptin but is still obese. Which of the following could explain this finding?

A

He has no leptin receptors and his leptin cannot bind his leptin receptor

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16
Q

A child’s receptors cannot bind leptin. Will treatment with leptin help his weight?

A

No it will not help

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17
Q

In terms of a signaling pathway, at what step does leptin act?

A

Reception

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18
Q

Which portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase shown below becomes phosphorylated?

A

C) the little thingy with the things sticking out

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19
Q

After receiving a signal from a neuron, a muscle contracts. What stage of cell signaling does the contraction represent?

A

Response

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20
Q

Which portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase shown below has kinase activity?

A

C) the part with the little things sticking out

21
Q

What do kinases do?

A

Phosphorylate a target

22
Q

A chromosome has two complete sister chromatids. What phase of the cell cycle could it be in?

A

G2

23
Q

When is cdk active?

A

Late G1

24
Q

If a normal, healthy liver were to be biopsies and stained for Erk-P and cyclin D, what would be observed in terms of amount of stain for each?

A

Low Erk-P; low cyclin D

25
Q

Which enzyme separates the two strands of DNA in preparation for replication?

A

Helicase

26
Q

Which protein is the “gate keeper” of cell cycle progression?

A

Rb

27
Q

A cell is not being stimulated by growth factors. However Raf (B-Raf) is active and the cell is dividing. What could explain this?

A

A mutation that makes B-Raf permanently active, a mutant receptor with permanently phosphorylated tails, a mutated Ras that is locked into the GTP-bound state

28
Q

Which of the following would cause a mouse to be underweight?

A

An overproduction of leptin

29
Q

Which of the following best describes a centrosome?

A

A microtubule organizing center at each spindle pole

30
Q

A cell contains condensed chromosomes and a fragmented nuclear envelope. Some chromosomes have one chromatid attached to the spindle, and some have none. What stage of mitosis is this cell in?

A

Prometaphase

31
Q

Which of the following processes contributes to the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?

A

Microtubule shortening and microtubule motors

32
Q

During which stage of mitosis do kinetochore/ spindle microtubule shorten?

A

Anaphase

33
Q

A DNA molecule is 30% C. What is the % of T?

A

20

34
Q

A DNA molecule is 30% C. What is the % G?

A

30

35
Q

During which stage of mitosis do daughter chromosomes separate?

A

Anaphase

36
Q

Based on the diagram which chromosomes would be detected as a problem by the spindle checkpoint in mitosis?

A

B,C,D because there isn’t a straight line across all the others

37
Q

Where do spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes?

A

At kinetochores

38
Q

Which of the following is associated with both leading and lagging strand synthesis?

A

DNA polymerase 3

39
Q

Which of the following is associated only with lagging strand synthesis?

A

More than one RNA primer

40
Q

Which strand associates itself with lagging strand synthesis?

A

3’ to 5’

41
Q

A person is experiencing excessive bleeding and bruising. Which cell type is likely to be defective and/or deficient in this person?

A

Platelets

42
Q

What does Gleevec do?

A

Inhibits BCR-ABL

43
Q

Which proteins are responsible for the constriction of the cleavage furrow during animal cell cytokinesis?

A

Actin and myosin

44
Q

A chromosome in the nucleus contains?

A

DNA and proteins

45
Q

In CML, what is activating the growth factor signaling pathway?

A

BCR-ABL

46
Q

A cell has arrested (stalled/stopped) very early in S phase. Which drug could cause this to happen?

A

A drug that prevents synthesis of “A” nucleotides (nucleotides with an adenine base)

47
Q

Which cell type transports O2 in blood?

A

Red blood cells

48
Q

In the presence of BCR-ABL and the absence of growth factors, what do you predict about Ras?

A

It will be bound to GTP

49
Q

Where are blood cells made?

A

Bone marrow

Bio Final (5 decks)

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