Exam 5 (Final) Flashcards
a behavioral program in which individuals can earn tokens for a variety of a desirable behaviors and can exchange the earned tokens for backup reinforcers
token economy
Two major advantages of using tokens
- can be given immediately after a desirable behavior occurs - bridge the delays between response and reinforcer
- tokens are paired with many different backup reinforcers and are generalized conditioned reinforcers - do not depend on a specific motivation operation for strength - easy to administer consistent and effective reinforcers for individual at different motivational states
5 settings in which token economies have been used
classrooms, the military, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards
6 steps for setting up a token economy
- deciding on target behaviors
- taking baselines
- selecting backup reinforcers
- Selecting type of tokens to use
- identifying available help
- choosing locations
6 characteristics a taken should have
- attractive
- lightweight
- portable
- durable
- easy to handle
- not easily counterfeited
7 procedures implemented in token economies
- keeping data
- the reinforcing agent
- number and frequency of tokens to pay
- managing the backup reinforcers
- possible response-cost contingencies
- monitoring and training staff or helpers
- handling potential problems
a strategy for using principles of behavior modification to change or control one’s own behavior
self-control program
a statement that self-control occurs when an individual behaves in some way that arranges the environment to manage his or her own subsequent behavior
behavior model of self-control
your statements or actions that indicate that it is important to change your behavior, that you recognize the benefits of doing so, and that you will work toward doing so
commitment to change
4 steps to unfuzzify goals
- write out the goal
- make a list of the things that you should say or do that clearly indicates that you’ve met the goal
- given a number of people with the same goal how would you decide who has met the goal and who has not?
- if your goal is an outcome then make a list of specific behaviors that will help you to achieve that outcome
performance requirements for practicing a skill so that if the criteria are met, the behavior has been learned
mastery criteria
going back to the unwanted behavior at approximately its same level as before you started your program
relapse
5 steps of self-control programs
- specific the problems and set goals
- make a commitment to change
- take data and analyze causes
- design and implement a treatment plan
- prevent relapse and make your gains last
4 possible causes of relapse
- avoidable setback antecedents - avoiding dairy queen when on a diet
- unavoidable setback antecedents - going on a trip where you don’t have access to exercise facilities
- overreaction to occasional setbacks - having a pizza when on a diet
- counterproductive self-talk
a written agreement that provides a clear statement of what behaviors of what individuals will produce what reinforcers and who will deliver those reinforcers
behavioral contract