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Behavior Management > Exam 5 (Final) > Flashcards

Exam 5 (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

a behavioral program in which individuals can earn tokens for a variety of a desirable behaviors and can exchange the earned tokens for backup reinforcers

A

token economy

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2
Q

Two major advantages of using tokens

A
  1. can be given immediately after a desirable behavior occurs - bridge the delays between response and reinforcer
  2. tokens are paired with many different backup reinforcers and are generalized conditioned reinforcers - do not depend on a specific motivation operation for strength - easy to administer consistent and effective reinforcers for individual at different motivational states
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3
Q

5 settings in which token economies have been used

A

classrooms, the military, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards

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4
Q

6 steps for setting up a token economy

A
  1. deciding on target behaviors
  2. taking baselines
  3. selecting backup reinforcers
  4. Selecting type of tokens to use
  5. identifying available help
  6. choosing locations
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5
Q

6 characteristics a taken should have

A
  1. attractive
  2. lightweight
  3. portable
  4. durable
  5. easy to handle
  6. not easily counterfeited
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6
Q

7 procedures implemented in token economies

A
  1. keeping data
  2. the reinforcing agent
  3. number and frequency of tokens to pay
  4. managing the backup reinforcers
  5. possible response-cost contingencies
  6. monitoring and training staff or helpers
  7. handling potential problems
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7
Q

a strategy for using principles of behavior modification to change or control one’s own behavior

A

self-control program

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8
Q

a statement that self-control occurs when an individual behaves in some way that arranges the environment to manage his or her own subsequent behavior

A

behavior model of self-control

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9
Q

your statements or actions that indicate that it is important to change your behavior, that you recognize the benefits of doing so, and that you will work toward doing so

A

commitment to change

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10
Q

4 steps to unfuzzify goals

A
  1. write out the goal
  2. make a list of the things that you should say or do that clearly indicates that you’ve met the goal
  3. given a number of people with the same goal how would you decide who has met the goal and who has not?
  4. if your goal is an outcome then make a list of specific behaviors that will help you to achieve that outcome
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11
Q

performance requirements for practicing a skill so that if the criteria are met, the behavior has been learned

A

mastery criteria

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12
Q

going back to the unwanted behavior at approximately its same level as before you started your program

A

relapse

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13
Q

5 steps of self-control programs

A
  1. specific the problems and set goals
  2. make a commitment to change
  3. take data and analyze causes
  4. design and implement a treatment plan
  5. prevent relapse and make your gains last
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14
Q

4 possible causes of relapse

A
  1. avoidable setback antecedents - avoiding dairy queen when on a diet
  2. unavoidable setback antecedents - going on a trip where you don’t have access to exercise facilities
  3. overreaction to occasional setbacks - having a pizza when on a diet
  4. counterproductive self-talk
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15
Q

a written agreement that provides a clear statement of what behaviors of what individuals will produce what reinforcers and who will deliver those reinforcers

A

behavioral contract

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16
Q

covert verbalizations and/or imagery that are frequently called believing, thinking, expecting, or percieving

A

cognitive processes

17
Q

strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking

A

cognitive restructuring

18
Q

3 waves of behavior therapy

A
  1. early behavior therapy
  2. cognitive behavior therapy
  3. behavior analysis
19
Q

2 major assumptions of cognitive therapy

A
  1. individuals interpret and react to events by forming cognitions on the basis of the perceived significance of those events
  2. defective or maladaptive cognitions can cause emotional and behavioral disorders
20
Q

teach clients to counteract such irrational self-statements with more positive and realistic statements

A

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

21
Q

3 main phases of REBT

A
  1. therapist helps the client identify troublesome thoughts that are based on irrational beliefs
  2. therapist vigorously challenges the client’s irrational beliefs
  3. client is taught through modeling and homework assignments to replace the irrational self-statements with statements based on rational beliefs
22
Q

who developed REBT?

A

Albert Ellis

23
Q

nonjudgemental awareness, observation, and description of one’s covert or overt behaviors as they occur

A

mindfulness

24
Q

refraining from judging one;s sensations, thought, feelings, and behaviors as good or bad, pleasant or unpleasant, useful or unuseful

A

experiential acceptance

25
Q

therapies that have proved to be effective scientifically conducted clinical trials

A

empirically supported therapies (ESTs)

26
Q

an intense, irrational, incapacitating fear of a stimulus class

A

specific phobia

27
Q

types of specific phobias

A 
animal type
natural environment type
blood-injury-injection type
situational type
other type
28
Q

having a client in a relaxed state successively imagine the items in a fear hierarchy

A

systematic desensitization

29
Q

a list of fear-eliciting stimuli arranged in order from the least to most fear-inducing

A

fear hierarchy

30
Q

exposure to a strongly feared stimulus for an extended period of time

A

flooding

31
Q

a client imitates another individual approaching a feared object

A

participant modeling

32
Q

3 phases of systematic desensitization

A
  1. construct fear hierarchy
  2. deep-muscle relaxation
  3. therapy
33
Q

characteristics of a major depressive episode

A

two weeks, appetite reduction, decreased energy, increased fatigue, worthlessness or guilt.

Behavior Management (6 decks)

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