Exam 3

Question 1

NS becomes conditioned punisher by being paired with a US leading to a UR

Answer 1

Operant-respondent interactions

Question 2

reflexes of the autonomic nervous system, skeletal reflexes

Answer 2

respondent component of emotions

Question 3

learned reactions

Answer 3

operant components of emotions

Question 4

a behavior becomes more probable as a result of the reinforcement of another behavior

Answer 4

response generalization

Question 5

multiple stimulus get same response

Answer 5

operant stimulus generalization

Question 6

one stimulus gets multiple acceptable responses

Answer 6

operant response generalization

Question 7

a contingency in which a behavior that has been developed by programmed reinforcers is “trapped” by natural reinforcers

Answer 7

behavioral trap

Question 8

a momentary increase in the probability of same response occurring as a result of one or more functionally equivalent responses having been reinforced

Answer 8

behavioral momentum

Question 9

the procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of a stimulus or situation and the effect of the response becoming more probable in the presence of another stimulus or situation

Answer 9

stimulus generalization

Question 10

a response occurs to an SD but not an SΔ

Answer 10

stimulus discrimination

Question 11

a situation in which a behavior will lead to a consequence

Answer 11

rule

Question 12

behavior that develops because of immediate consequences

Answer 12

contingency-shaped behavior

Question 13

behavior controlled by the statement of a rule

Answer 13

rule-governed behavior

Question 14

3 aspects of (rule) contingency

Answer 14

1 implied consequences
2 advice
3 implied punishment

Question 15

rules that do not identify all 3 aspects of a contingency of reinforcement

Answer 15

partial rule

Question 16

a level of performance that an individual or group attempts to achieve

Answer 16

goal

Question 17

a specific guideline for performing a skill so that if the guideline is met, the skill is likely to be mastered

Answer 17

mastery criterion

Question 18

change an ongoing behavior

Answer 18

behavioral goal

Question 19

attempting to reach a specific outcome

Answer 19

outcome goal

Question 20

statements or actions by the learner indicating that the goal is important, the learner will work toward it, and the learner recognizes the benefits of doing so

Answer 20

commitment

Question 21

procedure where a sample of a given behavior is demonstrated to an individual to induce that individual to engage in a similar behavior

Answer 21

modeling

Question 22

presentation of modeling scenes through films, videos, and other media

Answer 22

symbolic modeling

Question 23

a client rehearses particular behaviors in a practice setting to increase the likelihood that the client will follow those behaviors appropriately in the real world

Answer 23

behavioral rehearsal/role-playing

Question 24

the application of physical contact to induce an individual to go through the motions of a desired behavior

Answer 24

physical guidance

Question 25

an individual, after learning to imitate a number of behaviors, learns to imitate a new response on the first trial without reinforcement

Answer 25

generalized imitation

Question 26

the influence of a behavior by using situations and occasions that already exert control over the behavior

Answer 26

situational inducement

Question 27

an event or operation that (a) temporarily alters the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher (b) influences behavior that normally leads to that reinforcer or punisher

Answer 27

(a) : value-altering motivating operation | (b) : behavior-altering motivating operation

Question 28

an event or operation that temporarily increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher and that increases the likelihood of behaviors that lead to that punisher

Answer 28

motivating establishing operation (MEO)

Question 29

an event or operation that temporarily decreases the effectiveness of a rainforcer or punisher and that decreases the likelihood of behaviors that normally lead to that reinforcer or increases the likelihood of behaviors that normally lead to that punisher

Answer 29

motivating abolishing operation (MAO)

Question 30

the value-altering effect is innate

Answer 30

unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs)

Question 31

because of prior learning

Answer 31

conditioned motivating operations (CMOs)

Question 32

a vocal imitative response that is developed and maintained by social reinforcement

Answer 32

echoic

Question 33

naming response that is developed and maintained by social reinforcement

Answer 33

tact

Question 34

a verbal response that is under the control of a motivating operation and is reinforced by the corresponding reinforcer or removal of the corresponding aversive stimulus

Answer 34

mand

Question 35

collection and analysis of information and data in order to: (a) identify and describe target behavior (b) identify possible causes of the behavior (c) select appropriate treatment strategies to modify behavior (d) evaluate treatment outcomes

Answer 35

behavioral assessment

Question 36

minimal phases

Answer 36

(a) screening/intake phase: intake form of general info. (b) preprogram assesment phase: assesses target behavior to determine its level (c) treatment phase: program to bring about the desired behavior change (d) follow-up phase: determines whether the improvements are achieved and maintained

Question 37

5 functions of intake:

Answer 37

1 determine whether person or agency are adequate to deal w/ potential client 2 inform the client about policies and procedures of service 3 screen for the presence of a crisis condition 4 gather sufficient info. for diagnosis 5 provide specific info. about which behavior is being assessed

Question 38

directly observed and precisely defined client's behavior

Answer 38

direct assessment

Question 39

unobservable or difficult to observe

Answer 39

indirect assessment

Question 40

6 reasons for collecting accurate data

Answer 40

1 decide whether the client is an appropriate fit to the program 2 baseline - maybe the problem is not a problem 3 identify causes and treatment 4 provides a way to see if change is occurring 5 publicly posted results - professional 6 publicly posted results - client

Question 41

when people know that their behavior is being observed, their observed behaviors may change

Answer 41

reactivity