Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GEOG 1200 > EXAM 5 (FINAL!!) > Flashcards

EXAM 5 (FINAL!!) Flashcards

economic geography (74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is economic geography?

A

the study of the location, distribution, and spatial organization of economic activities across the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three sectors of the economy?

A

primary, secondary, and service industries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are primary sectors?

A

extracting resources from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are secondary sectors?

A

processing resources (from primary) into products for sale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are services industries?

A

wide category, not selling a tangible object but instead the ability to do/service of something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is a primary sector most important in terms of employing or occupying people?

A

mostly the Global South & third world countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does that vary between wealthier countries and in the Global South

A

the wealthier the country, less need for primary employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the three types of services?

A

transportation/communication
producer
consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are examples of transportation services?

A

highways
airlines
pipelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are examples of communication services?

A

radio, television, internet, social media, streaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are examples of producer services?

A

legal, advertising, insurance, banking, storing computerized data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are examples of consumer services?

A

education
government
tourism
health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is economic globalization?

A

the integration of national economies through trade and the movement of capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the New International Division of Labor?

A

spatial reorganization of economic activities since approximately the 1970s by economic globalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the Transnational Corps?

A

company that has international management & offices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what did the New International Division of Labor cause?

A
  • rise of Transnational Corps
  • movement of industry and labor-intensive jobs to global south
  • greater competition from Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)
  • outsourcing (contracting out a business function that used to be done in-house)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who is the world’s SECOND LARGEST manufacturer?

A

USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is China’s global output?

A

24%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the USA’s global output?

A

17%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what percentage of manufacturing is employed in the work force?

A

8%
32% in 1947

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

for services, what is the percentage of work force?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are High Tech Corridors?

A
  • clusters of businesses that develop cutting edge technologies
    (computer software, pharmaceuticals, medical technologies, biotech, green technologies, robotics, telecommunications)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why are High Tech Corridors so desirable?

A

jobs are high-paying
fewer environmental issues
lots of spinoffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where are High Tech Corridors located?

A

Silicon Valley, CA
Route 128 Boston
Austin – San Antonio, TX
Bangalore, India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are Export Processing Zones (EPZs)?
Global South areas where countries invite industries for processing and export
26
why are Export Processing Zones controversial?
- labor intensive - poor wages - limited worker rights
27
what are Maquiladoras?
factories that imports materials, assembles, or manufactures a product and then re-exports the product
28
how many Mexican are employed in Maquiladoras?
half a million
29
why are Maquiladoras controversial?
substandard wages unhealthy working condition other exploitative practices
30
what are Regional Trade Blocks?
an intergovernmental agreement where regional barriers to trade are reduced or eliminated along the participating states
31
what is the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development? (IBRD) (World Bank)
multilateral institution that provides loans and technical assistance to developing countries for development-related projects
32
what is the International Monetary Fund? (IMF)
multilateral organization that an oversees the global financial system by influencing macroeconomic policies
33
what are controversies of World Bank & International Monetary Fund?
- conditions on loans - national sovereignty - privatization - deepened poverty - development projects damaged environment
34
what is the World Trade Organization? (WTO)
multilateral institution that promotes “harmonization” and liberalization of trade around the world
35
what's important to note about the agreements made under the WTO?
countries agree to "free trade" rules that favor non-discrimination
36
what was the WTO founded out of?
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
37
what are the most important manufacturing zones in the world?
China USA Japan
38
what are the most recent manufacturing zones?
Mexico, Brasil, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, China, South Africa
39
what is meant by deindustrialization and the rust belt?
- deindustrialization is the loss of jobs and predominance of manufacturing in economy - the rust belt was a region of the USA that experienced great industrial decline in the 1950s
40
when did the Rust Belt occur?
1950s
41
how is the Rust Belt connected to the New Industrialization of Labor?
caused the move of industrialization and job rise to the Global South
42
how do Regional Trade Blocks change where economic activities occurs?
regional barriers to trade are reduced and/or eliminated among the participating states
43
why are Regional Trade Blocs controversial?
- consumer protection - environmental & social responsibility - shifting bargaining power - national security
44
what is the platform economy?
increasing use and importance of digital platforms as business models
45
what is distinct about this form of business model (platform economy)?
don’t have a supply chain
46
are there examples of Platform Economy's success in the economy?
the big four: Facebook, Amazon, Apple, and Google
47
what's controversial about the WTO?
I) far exceeded trade issues 2) national laws on health, safety, environment, development challenged 3) EU and GMOs 4) uneven playing field and sporadic enforcement 5) Intellectual Property Rights
48
what are the stated goals of the WTO?
countries agree to “free trade” rules that favor “non-discrimination"
49
(for the WTO), how is non-discrimination supposed to work?
no discrimination between “like” products from different trading partners (giving them equally “most favored-nation")
50
how have the previous two U.S. presidents tried to use/or disable the WTO in recent trade disputes?
- Obama brought 25 cases to WTO, 16 against China - Trump cut off WTO's Appellate Body
51
why is the dispute resolution function of the WTO so important?
- appellate body - binding dispute settlements
52
describe the role of manufacturing in the United States. does the US have a significant manufacturing sector?
- second largest manufacturer - 17% of global output
53
what are the most important urbanization trends?
urban metropolitan area megalopolis
54
how will Africa and Asia change in coming years?
both countries are expected to increase in urbanization percentages
55
what is urban?
concentration of people in relatively high density areas, usually non-agricultural
56
what is a metropolitan area?
urban areas and surrounding satellite cities and rural areas
57
what is a megalopolis?
an extensive and continuous metropolitan area consisting of overlapping metropolitan areas
58
what is a CBD?
Central Business District, concentration of high density land-uses in a city (aka “downtown”)
59
understand some of the social and environmental challenges of urbanization, including urban heat islands
- urban heat islands - increased fossil fuel and greenhouse usage
60
what economic and administrative functions (businesses, government) are located in most CBDs?
financial services (banks, insurance) corporate headquarters sports facilities/convention centers government offices (police, city hall, court house)
61
what are suburbs?
the movement from urban areas to outlying satellite towns or the rural fringe
62
when were the first suburbs developed?
1900s-1960s
63
how are the first suburbs distinct from exurbs?
suburbs - higher white population density, segregated, excluded minorities
64
how was the federal government involved in suburbanization in the U.S.?
- major federal effort to increase home ownership - interstates & infrastructure - lower taxes - 1949 Housing Act - GI Bill
65
what is the 1949 Housing Act?
federally subsidised public housing units should be built for low-income Americans
66
what is gentrification?
the movement of middle-class people into run-down parts of the city
67
how can gentrification be positive?
incomes, rent, and property values go up hip coffee shops and art galleries replace previous shops
68
how can gentrification be negative?
- people are excluded from their own neighborhood - “new” money increases rent, property taxes, and replaces previous uses - neighborhood increasingly for elite residents - increased inequality and segregation - poor, elderly, homeless, commonly minorities lose “place” in gentrified community
69
what are some problems or hidden costs of suburbanization?
- “race riots” of the 1960s. - "white flight" - redlining - central cities lost population and tax base - several decades of demographic and economic decline
70
what factors encouraged suburbanization and subsequent problems in central cities? (consider the G.I. bill, interstates, and funding)
- lower taxes - 1949 housing act - public housing, mortgage insurance, urban renewal - G.I. Bill - benefits for WWII veterans
71
why is the post-WWII suburbanization commonly called “white flight”?
massive movement of white folks from cities to suburbs
72
what factors explain why most people suburbanizing were white?
- smaller pool of middle-class population - mortgage discrimination - restrictive covenants: excluded minorities - G.I. bill did little to help African Americans - suburbs segregated
73
how did suburbanization lead to greater segregation in the U.S.?
- mortgage discrimination increased - minorities were excluded - segregated housing projects (Jim Crow) - redlining
74
when were most interstates built?
post WWII

GEOG 1200 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions