Exam 5: Chap 26 Flashcards
Pharmacology
the study of drugs and includes the preparation, use, and action of drugs
When should the MA administer medication
only under the direction of the provider
Parenteral refers to which sites
outside the gastrointestinal area; commonly refers to administering meds via injection
Emulsion
liquid prep of drugs as a mixture of fats or oils in water
Linament
a drug combined with oil, soap, alcohol, or water; applied externally to provide heat thru friction
Sublingual tablet
powder drug designed to dissolve under the tongue for rapid absorption into the bloodstream
Sublingual tablet can also be known as
buccal tablet
Enteric-coated tablet
tablet coated w a substance that prevents it from dissolving until it has reached the intestines; prevents meds from irritating the stomach; must not be crushed or chewed
Sustained-released capsule
contains granules that dissolve at different rates to provide a gradual and continuous release of meds; reduced number of doses
1 cc =
1 mL
Schedule I controlled drugs
- High potential for abuse
- No accepted medical use
- Severe physical and psych dependence
ex: heroin, LSD, MDMA
Schedule II controlled drugs
- High potential for abuse
- Accepted med use w/ severe restrictions
- Severe physical and psych dependence
- Rx in ink or types
- Emergency phone order
- No refills
ex: morphne, oxycodone
Schedule III controlled drugs
- Less potential for abuse than I and II
- Accepted med use
- Low to moderate physical or high psych dependence
- Phone orders
- Refilled 5x within 6 mo
ex: anabolic steroids, CNS stimulants
Schedule IV controlled drugs
- lower potential for abuse than III
- limited physical or psych dependence
- phone orders
- refilled 5x w/in 6 mo
Schedule V controlled drugs
- low potential for abuse
- limited physical or psych dependence
- phone orders
- Rx policies depend on local regulations
Superscription
part of prescription: Rx meaning “to take”
Inscription
part of Rx: name of drug and dose
Subscription
part of Rx: quantity of drug to be dispensed
Signatura
part of Rx: name and directions of meds
before meals
ac
as desired
ad lib
water
aq
acetaminophen
APAP
asprin
ASA
twice a day
bid
with
c
dispense as written
DAW
drop(s)
gtt(s)
nothing by mouth
NPO
over the counter
OTC
after
p
after meals
pc
by mouth
po
as needed
prn
every morning
pam
every hour
ph
every (2,3,4) hours
p(2,3,4)h
without
s
sublingual
SL
3 times a day
tid
tolerance
same dose of drug no longer produces the desired effect after prolonged use
adverse reactions
aka side effects; secondary effects of taking drug where some can be harmless and are tolerated by pt to obtain therapeutic effect of drug
Anaphylactic rxn
severe allergic rxn that occurs suddenly and immediately; need epinepherine
Where do absorption of oral drugs occur?
small intestine
As the gauge increases, the diameter of the lumen ___
decreases
Why do safety-engineered syringes include a built in safety feature?
reduce the risk of a needlestick injury
Common sites for SC
upper lateral arms, anterior thigh, upper back, abdomen
SC needle size
1/2 to 5/8 inch
23 to 25 gauge
Amt of meds injected via SC should not exceed
1 mL
Amt of meds injected via IM
3 mL into the gluteal or vastus lateralis
1 mL into deltoid
IM size
1 to 3 inches; avg 1.5 inches
18 to 23 gauge
IM sites
dorsogluteal, deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal
Pt position for dorsogluteal IM injection
lie on their abdomen with toes pointed inwards
IM site for children younger than 3 years old
vastus lateralis
Site for ID injection
anterior forearm, middle of the back, and upper arm
ID size
3/8 to 5/8 inch
25 to 27 gauge
What is produced at the ID injection site
wheal
Symptoms of active pulmonary TB
- chronic cough longer than 3 wks or longer that is productive
- occasional hemoptysis
- chest pain
Systemic TB symptoms
fatigue, loss of appetite, weakness, unexplained weightloss, chills, low-grade fever, and night sweats
Latent TB
positive TB reaction
TB skin test position
Anterior forearm 4 inches below bend
avoid: hairy areas, visible veins, scars, bruises, skin irritations
How long to wait for skin test results?
48 to 72 hrs
Allergy
abnormal hypersensitivity of the immune system to allergens
Allergens enter the body
inhaled, swallowed, injected, or coming into contact w the skin
