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CMA > Exam 4: Chap 12 + 27 > Flashcards

Exam 4: Chap 12 + 27 Flashcards

1
Q

The SA node causes

A

atrial depolarization

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the pause at the AV node?

A

To allow the atria to finish contracting

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3
Q

Conduction pathway

A

SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> bundle branches -> perkinje fibers

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4
Q

When the ventricles contract, the atria are

A

relaxing

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5
Q

How long is a cardiac cycle

A

0.08s

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6
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

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7
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

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8
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

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9
Q

RBC count in adult females

A

4-5.5 million

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10
Q

Components needed for red blood cell production

A

Iron, vitamin B12, folic acid

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11
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Low Hb and Hct

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12
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

No vitamin B12

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13
Q

Thrombocytes aka

A

Platelets

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14
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve separates the

A

Right ventricle and the lungs

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15
Q

Aortic semilunar valve separates the

A

Left ventricle and the aortic arch

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16
Q

What is the heart’s pacemaker?

A

SA node

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17
Q

Function of blood

A

Protects, regulates temperature, transports oxygen and nutrients, transports hormones

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18
Q

Non-specific immunity

A

Defense system you are born with; fights against all antigens

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19
Q

In between waves in the EKG are

A

segments: PR and ST

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20
Q

EKG intervals

A

Beginning of one wave and end of another

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21
Q

What indicates a history of myocardial infarction in an EKG?

A

Large Q waves and elevated ST wave

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22
Q

Leads and electrodes in an EKG

A

10 electrodes and 12 leads

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23
Q

Bipolar leads

A

aka limb leads
Leads I, II, III

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24
Q

Augmented leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

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25
Q

Chest leads

A

V1 - V6

26
Q

Lead I

A

Right arm to left arm

27
Q

Lead II

A

Right arm to left leg

28
Q

Lead III

A

Left arm to left leg

29
Q

aVR

A

Augmented lead through heart to right arm

30
Q

aVL

A

Augmented lead through heart to left arm

31
Q

aVF

A

Augmented lead through heart to left leg

32
Q

V1

A

Fourth intercostal space at right margin of the sternum

33
Q

V2

A

Fourth intercostal space at left margin of the sternum

34
Q

V3

A

Midway between positions two and four

35
Q

V4

A

Fifth intercostal space at junction of left midclavicular line

36
Q

V5

A

At horizontal level of position four at left anterior axillary line

37
Q

V6

A

At horizontal level of position 4 at midaxillary line

38
Q

EKG pt prep

A

No lotions or oils, no tight fitting clothes or panty hose

39
Q

Artifacts

A

Additional electrical activity picked up by the EKG

40
Q

Causes of ar

A
41
Q

Causes of muscle artifacts

A

Pt nervous, discomfort, movement, physical condition

42
Q

Types of artifacts

A

Muscle, wandering baseline, 60-cycle interference, interupted baseline

43
Q

Types of artifacts

A

Muscle, wandering baseline, 60-cycle interference, interrupted baseline

44
Q

Muscle artifacts

A

Caused by

45
Q

Wandering baseline artifacts

A

Caused by loose electrodes, dried out electrolyte, lotions, excessive movement of chest wall

46
Q

60-cycle interference

A

aka AC artifacts

47
Q

60-cycle interference

A

aka AC artifacts
caused by electrical interference

48
Q

ECG report

A

summarized info abt the pt’s heart rate and rhythm and any abnormalities

49
Q

Purpose of pulmonary function tests

A

assess lung functioning which assists in the detection and evaluation of pulmonary disease

50
Q

Spirometer measures

A

how much air is pushed out and how fast

51
Q

Indications for performing a spirometry

A

Pt w lung dysfunction, high risk for lung disease bc of smoking or environmental exposure, lung disease, undergo surgery, lung disability or impairment

52
Q

Peak flow rate

A

max volume of air measured in L/min that can be exhaled when the pt blows into a peak flow meter as forcefully and as rapidly as possible

53
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decr in the O2 saturation in the blood

54
Q

Hypoxia

A

Reduction in the O2 supply to the tissues in the body

55
Q

Consequences of low O2

A

progressive deterioration, death of cells, organ failure, body system failure and death

56
Q

Home oxygen therapy

A

commonly for pt w COPD from smoking

also for pt w asthma, lung disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and congestive heart failure

57
Q

Indications for performing a spirometry

A

Pt w lung dysfunction, high risk for lung disease bc of smoking or environmental exposure, lung disease, undergo surgery, lung disability or impairment

57
Q

Home oxygen therapy

A

commonly for pt w COPD from smoking

also for pt w asthma, lung disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and congestive heart failure

57
Q

Spirometer measures

A

how much air is pushed out and how fast

58
Q

Flow rate

A

Amount of supplemental oxygen prescribed for a pt

CMA (4 decks)

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