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CMA > Exam 3: Chap 30-32 > Flashcards

Exam 3: Chap 30-32 Flashcards

1
Q

Urine is composed of

A

95% water and 5% waste products

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2
Q

Organic waste products of urine

A

urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine

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3
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urine

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4
Q

Causes of polyuria

A

excessive intake of caffeinated fluids, certain drugs (diruetics), DM, DI, and renal disease

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5
Q

Oliguria

A

decreased urine output

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6
Q

Urine collection for pregnancy test

A

first-morning voided specimen

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7
Q

Urine collection for UTI testing

A

clean-catch midstream

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8
Q

Why would you want a first-voided morning specimen?

A

it has the greatest concentration of dissolved substances and could easily detect presence of abnormal substance

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9
Q

Why would you want a clean-catch midstream specimen?

A

to remove and examine bacteria

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10
Q

Urine collection for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing

A

first-catch specimen with a nucleic acid amplification test

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11
Q

Prep for a first-catch specimen

A

pt should not urinate for at least 1 hr prior to collection

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12
Q

Amount of specimen for a first-catch collection

A

15-30 mL

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13
Q

____ contains the greatest concentration of chlamydia and/or gonorrhea bacteria, if present

A

first 15-30 mL

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14
Q

Urinalysis consists of what exams

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic

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15
Q

Time frame urinalysis needs to be preformed

A

within 1 hr of fresh or preserved specimen; if not then put closed container in fridge

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16
Q

Signs of a jeopardized urine sample

A

alkaline, cloudy, broken down blood cells, and decomposed casts

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17
Q

physical examination of urine

A

color, appearance, odor, and specific gravity

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18
Q

chemical examination of urine

A

pH, glucose, protein, ketone, bilirubin, urobilinogen, blood, nitrite, and leukocytes

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19
Q

Glucose in urine may indicate

A

diabetes

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20
Q

Protein in urine may indicate

A

strenuous exercise (temp), filtration problems, renal disease, and bacterial infection of urinary tract

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21
Q

Ketones in urine may indicate

A

DM, starvation, and keto diet

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22
Q

Ketones are products of

A

fat metabolism

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23
Q

Bilirubin is normally excreted into

A

bile

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24
Q

Bilirubin in urine may indicate

A

gallstones, hepatitis, and cirrhosis

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25
Q

Nitrite in urine may indicate

A

presence of a pathogen; UTI

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26
Q

Leukocytes in urine accompanies

A

inflammation of the kidneys and lower urinary tract

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27
Q

Storage of reagent strips

A

cool, dry area away from direct sunlight, with the cap tightly closed to maintain reactivity of the reagent

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28
Q

Pregnancy tests rely on which hormone

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

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29
Q

How do we identify the pt

A

name and DOB

30
Q

If the pt is prone to fainting during venipuncture, what position should they be placed in?

A

semi-fowlers

31
Q

Purpose of a tourniquet?

A

make the veins easier to palpate

32
Q

How long do we leave the tourniquet on for?

A

less than 1 min

33
Q

Where do we place the tourniquet?

A

3-4 inches above the site

34
Q

First vein of choice to draw blood

A

median cubital

35
Q

What do we never use to palpate the vein?

A

thumb

36
Q

Why are hands the last resort for drawing blood?

A

veins roll and are likely to collapse due to the thin walls

37
Q

anticoagulant will separate into what layers

A

plasma, buffy coat, and blood cells

38
Q

no anticoagulant is

A

serum

39
Q

what results when blood is centrifuged without anticoagulants

A

serum

40
Q

what results when blood is centrifuged with anticoagulants

A

plasma

41
Q

What color tube do we use when we need whole blood?

A

lavender because it as anticoagulant

42
Q

What do we do after we use the needle?

A

put on safety device

43
Q

What needle gauge is commonly used

A

21

44
Q

Tube size depends on

A

specimen

45
Q

What additives are in the lavender tube?

A

EDTA

46
Q

What additives are in the red tube?

A

nothing

47
Q

What additives are in the grey tube?

A

sodium fluoride and sodium oxalate

48
Q

What additives are in the blue tube?

A

sodium citrate

49
Q

What tube is used for a CBC panel?

A

lavender

50
Q

What tube is used for a PTT exam?

A

blue

51
Q

Why shouldn’t we use an expired tube?

A

it loses its vacuum

52
Q

Why do we invert the tube but never shake it?

A

shaking may cause hemolysis

53
Q

Butterfly technique is aka

A

winged infusion method

54
Q

Needle insertion at more than 15 degrees may cause

A

needle to go through vein; no blood

55
Q

How do we prevent the needle from moving?

A

anchor the vein

56
Q

What needle do we use for a pt w/ a collapsed vein

A

butterfly

57
Q

What do we do when the site of the needle begins to swell?

A

remove the needle

58
Q

If we do not remove the tourniquet before removing the needle

A

blood will gush out

59
Q

What do we do if the pt faints during venipuncture?

A

stop procedure and lay them on floor

60
Q

Serum is plasma with what component removed

A

fibrinogen

61
Q

The SST tube stands for how long before centrifuged

A

45 mins

62
Q

What happens if you do not let enough time pass before centrifuging the SST tube?

A

may not get enough serum

63
Q

The SST tube contains what additive?

A

clot activator

64
Q

What do we do after drawing the SST tube?

A

invert 5x

65
Q

How do we anchor a vein?

A

pulling to the side underneath

66
Q

Order of the draw

A

yellow, blue, red/marble, green, lavender, gray

67
Q

Serum appearance

A

clear and yellow

68
Q

Dissolved substances in serum

A

glucose, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, chloride, antibodies, hormones, and enzymes

69
Q

Purpose of hematocrit

A

measure the percentage volume of packed RBCs in whole blood

70
Q

What type of test is done on pts undergoing long-term warfarin therapy?

A

PT/INR

71
Q

Warfarin

A

anticoagulant; inhibits formation of blood clots, makes it longer for blood to clot

72
Q

plasma vs serum

A

plasma has anticoagulant

serum has clotting factors

CMA (4 decks)

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