Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is animal welfare

A

ensuring the human treatment of animals being used by humans

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2
Q

5freedoms for animals

A
  1. freedom from hunger and thirst
  2. freedom from discomfort
  3. freedom from pain, injury or disease
  4. freedom to express normal behavior
  5. freedom from fear and distress
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3
Q

Good state o welfare

A

healthy, comfortable
well nourished, safe
able to express innate behavior
not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress

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4
Q

Animal Rights definition

A

animals are equal to humans

States and humans do not have the right to use animals at all

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5
Q

sentient beings

A

aware of their existence

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6
Q

Animal group categories

A
animal eploitation
animal use
animal welfare
animal rights
animal liberation
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7
Q

most extreme for use of animals

A

animal exploitation

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8
Q

most extreme against use of animals

A

animal liberation

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9
Q

Animal exploitation beliefs

A

Animals are human property

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10
Q

activities of animal exploitation

A

advocate or conduct activities that are illegal such as dog or cock fighting

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11
Q

beliefs of animal use

A

believe that animals exist for human use
have guidelines for the responsible care of the animals
that use of animals for food should be as painless as possible

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12
Q

Examples of groups that fall under animal use

A

hunting and fishing
livestock production
rodeos
zoos

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13
Q

Animal welfare organization beliefs

A

support humane treatment of animals
support spaying and neutering of animals
support euthanasia

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14
Q

Activities of animal welfare organization groups

A

publicise and document cases of animal abuse in an attempt to change laws
work within existing laws to accomplish their goals

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15
Q

Animal rights organization beliefs

A

animals have intrinsic rights which should be guaranteed like human rights

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16
Q

Animal liberation group beliefs

A

animals should not be forced to work or produce for human benefit
that animals, including pets, should be liberated

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17
Q

Local SPCA group

A

animal welfare

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18
Q

Local animal center

A

animal welfare

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19
Q

only intake facility for wake county

A

wake county animal center

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20
Q

how do animals leave the animal shelter

A

adoption, euthanasia, reclaim

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21
Q

HSUS

A

human society of the united states

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22
Q

PETA

A

people for ethical treatment of animals

animal rights

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23
Q

HSUS

A

human society of the united states

animal rights

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24
Q

ALF

A

Animal liberation front

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25
Q

Issue with ALF

A

conduct illegal activities

on FBI domestic terrorist list

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26
Q

economic pressures on companies for animal welfare

A

demand accountability in terms of how animals are raised

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27
Q

Mcdonalds and animal use

A

the first to adopt research based animal welfare guidelines

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28
Q

Farming and Animal Welfare

A

farmers consider animal welfare

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29
Q

AVMA

A

contains 8 principles of animal welfare

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30
Q
  • integrated principles of animal welfare
A
  • Responsible use
  • Balancing scientific and societal values
  • environment and care
  • minimize suffering
  • housing evaluation
  • conservation of the population
  • humane end of life
  • vet profession constantly seeking improvement with development of legislations and regulations
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31
Q

Integrated principle: Responsible use

A

the responsible use of animals for human purposes, such as companionship, food, fiber, recreation, work, education, exhibition, and research conducted for the benefit of both humans and animals is consistent with the veternarians oath

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32
Q

integrated principles: scientific vs societal values

A

decisions regarding animal care, use, and welfare shall be made by balancing scientific knowledge and professional judgement with consideration of ethical and societal values

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33
Q

integrated principle: environment and care

A

animals must be provided water, food, proper handling, health care, and an environment appropriate to their care and use, with thoughtful consideration for their species typical biology and behavior

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34
Q

integrated principle: minimizing suffering

A

animals should be cared for in ways that minimize fear, pain, stress, and suffering

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35
Q

integrated principle: housing

A

procedures related to animal housing, management, care, and use should be continuously evaluated when indicated, refined or replaced

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36
Q

integrated principle: conservation

A

conservation and management of animal populations should be human, socially responsible, and scientifically prudent

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37
Q

integrated principles: death

A

animals shall be treated with respect and dignity throughout their lives and, when necessary, provided a human death

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38
Q

integrated principle: veterinary profession

A

the vet profession shall continually strive to improve animal health and welfare through scientific research, education, collaboration, advocacy, and the development of legislation and regulations

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39
Q

integrated principle: veterinary profession

A

the vet profession shall continually strive to improve animal health and welfare through scientific research, education, collaboration, advocacy, and the development of legislation and regulations

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40
Q

FVE

A

federation of veterinarians of europe

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41
Q

CVMA

A

Canadian vet med association

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42
Q

where are the five freedoms documented

A

internationally accepted

under AVMA policies

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43
Q

Policies enacted by AVMA

A
ownership vs guardianship
animal abuse and neglect
euthanasia of unwanted/unfit animals
livestock handling
pain in animals
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44
Q

Animal welfare act

A

U.S law
every university or corporation that uses animals for education or research must have an IACUC
all activities must be reviewed and approved by a group of scientists

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45
Q

IACUC

A

institutional animal care and use committee

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46
Q

responsibilities of the IACUC

A

review all activities involving animal use

inspect all facilities in which animals are housed or procedures on animals are performed (including teaching)

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47
Q

Spectrum of animal rights

A

most people do not fit into any one category that we have discussed

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48
Q

Spectrum of animal rights

A

most people do not fit into any one category that we have discussed

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49
Q

differences in llamas and alpacas

A

llamas are bigger
llamas only have fiber down to the hock joint
llamas have banana ears

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50
Q

are llamas and alpacas considered livestock?

A

yes

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51
Q

purpose of dubbing llamas and alpacas livestock

A

must be zoned for livestock

tax purposes

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52
Q

hybrid of llama and alpaca?

A

different genus for each but have the same number of chromosomes and can interbreed

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53
Q

llama genus

A

lama glama

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54
Q

aplaca genus

A

vicugna pacos

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55
Q

first domestication of llamas and alpacas

A

south america
5,000 years ago
because cold

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56
Q

purpose of domestication of llamas

A

pack animals and meat

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57
Q

purpose of domestication of alpacas

A

fine fiber and meat

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58
Q

How do llamas and alpacas differ from sheep and goats

A
  • 3 compartment stomach
  • designated defecation area
  • walk on soft pad
  • breeding
  • induced ovulators
  • 4 teats
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59
Q

compartments of the llama and alpaca stomach

A

C1,2,3

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60
Q

where does fermentation occur in alpacas and llamas

A

C-1 and C-2

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61
Q

purpose of C-3

A

similar to abomasum in ruminants

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62
Q

C1 secreates

A

bicarbonate to buffer contents

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63
Q

are camelids ruminants?

A

no but they ruminate

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64
Q

Breeding aspects of llamas and alpacas

A

orgling

kush position

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65
Q

do llamas and alpacas have estrous cycles?

A

nope

theyre induced ovulators

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66
Q

How do llamas and alpacas differ from each other?

A

llamas are bigger
llamas have bana ears
alpacas have stronger herd instinct
alpacas have fine fiber while llamas have course fber

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67
Q

how big are llamas

A

400 pounds

45 inch at the withers

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68
Q

how big are alpacas

A

150 pounds

36 in at the withers

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69
Q

llamas can be used how because of their independence

A

as guard animals for alpacas, sheep, or goats

must be castrated males

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70
Q

Types of alpacas

A

Huacaya

Suri

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71
Q

Huacaya

A

fleece resembles fine wool

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72
Q

Suri

A

fleece is in locks and look similar to an angora goat

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73
Q

Most llamas and alpacas are

A

very gentle but can have behavioral issues

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74
Q

Behavior issues in llamas and alpacas

A
  • spit
  • chest butting/kicking
  • aberrant behavior syndrome
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75
Q

Llama spit

A

actually contents from their first stomach compartment

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76
Q

aberrant behavior syndrome

A

seen in hand raised males
consider humans to be peers
and will challenge a human after reaching puberty

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77
Q

Challenges with llamas and alpacas

A

Incisors keep growing and can develop fighting teeth
Can die from hypothermia in summers
is there even a market in the area
vets?

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78
Q

What is done to prevent sunburn on alpacas and llamas

A

when shorned an inch is left

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79
Q

alpaca and llama vet upkeep

A

routine health care
meningeal worm
internal parasites

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80
Q

Food Infection

A

Food intoxication

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81
Q

Symptoms of food poisoning/infection

A

nausea
vomiting
diarrhea

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82
Q

Common food borne pathogens

A

norovirus
listeria
salmonella
e. coli

83
Q

Common food borne pathogens

A

norovirus
listeria
salmonella
e. coli

84
Q

Bacteria in meat

A

sterile in the animal and would have to be introduced

85
Q

Most cases of food poisoning come

A

the consumer not understanding proper food handling, storage, and cooking

86
Q

Potential food safety hazards

A

Microbial contamination
environmental contaminants
pesticide residues
food additives

87
Q

Most common microbial contamination

A

bacteria

88
Q

microbial contamination

A
molds
viruses
bacteria 
yeast
parasites
89
Q

inspection system in place in the US

A

excellent inspection to ensure that animal products with residues do not ever make it into the market place

90
Q

FDA

A

approval of all pharmaceuticals used in animal production is required with years of testing done

91
Q

Target animal

A

animal used to test products with more than regular dosage to simulate mistakes that could be made

92
Q

Federal and state inspection services investigate

A

primary site of harvest as well as retail and wholesale outlets

93
Q

Violating food safety laws results in

A

fines

94
Q

withdrawal times

A

refers to period of time that product must be stopped before it can be sent for human consumption

95
Q

Pasteurization

A

heated briefly to kill any pathogens in milk

96
Q

all milk bought in stores will be

A

pasteurized

97
Q

By federal law, meat and poultry manufacturers must produce

A

safe
wholesome
unadulterated food

98
Q

Meat processing must abide by

A

HACCP

99
Q

HACCP

A

hazard analysis critical control point

100
Q

What is HACCP

A

a proactive approach to food safety

101
Q

HACCP compliance

A

sanitation program in writing
employees must be trained in food safety
Sanitary SOP’s must be followed

102
Q

what can the consumer do to keep meat safe

A

clean
separate
cook
chill

103
Q

examples of clean

A

washing hands

wash cutting boards

104
Q

examples of separate

A

separating raw meat from produce

105
Q

examples to cook

A

cook to the correct temperature 160 F

106
Q

Example of chill

A

put leftovers right in fridge

dont thaw food at room temp

107
Q

Protocol of meat packing

A

Less than 40 degrees

108
Q

Why do we keep female calf’s in hutches

A

For protection for their immune system

109
Q

Conventional dairy management

A

Female calf in hutch
Group housed after a couple of months
TMR: forage, corn, soybean milk (protein)
Milked on their own- mechanically

110
Q

What isn’t allowed on organic farms for dairy

A

Antibiotics
BST
Feed products with ruminant

111
Q

What kind of food would organic cows be fed?

A

Same thing but everything must be certified organic

112
Q

USDA organic of organic milk:

A

Exclusively fed organic feed
Kept in pens with adequate space
Allowed periodic access to outdoors
Not treated with hormones or antibiotics

113
Q

Nutritional value of organic vs conventional milk

A

Both are nutritious

No health advantage for organic

114
Q

Safety of organic vs conventional

A

Same
Strict government standards (pasteurization)
antibiotics only given when necessary for a prescribed time

115
Q

Challenges of organic dairy production?

A

Cost
Wanting to treat your animals and not being allowed to use antibiotics
No fly control

116
Q

What do consumers want in local meats?

A
Conventional taste 
Natural 
Produced without hormones 
“Lean” 
“Local”
“Pasture-fed” 
“Organic” 
“Corn fed”
117
Q

What can pasture fed cows eat?

A

Forage only

118
Q

What can grass fed cows eat?

A

Grass only -can have additional grain

119
Q

Claims made should be

A

Approved and
Backed up with written protocol with producer affidavits of the program and
Affidavits that follow all animals to harvest
Records should be kept a

120
Q

Third party certification

A

Organizations that set guidelines for approval that can be placed on labels for marketing

121
Q

Examples of third party certifications

A

AWA: animal welfare
AGA
: animal grass fed

122
Q

US meat sales in organic meat va regular red meat overall

A

Increase between 2008 and 2010 for natural and organic red meat
Same for poultry

123
Q

What is organic?

A

Standard certified by a third party

124
Q

What is required of organic farms for any meat?

A

No sythensized chemical fertilizers (including worm and fly control)
No antibiotics
All feed must be organic
Approved list of fees additives fertilizers and insecticides

125
Q

Expense of organic farms

A

Increase expense of production so there is an increase in expense of products

126
Q

What is natural meat?

A

No spices
No water
No filler

127
Q

What can you not say on a label?

A

Hormone free
Antibiotic free
Organic
Happy

128
Q

What can you say instead of hormone free

A

Produced without added hormones

129
Q

What can you say besides antibiotic free ?

A

Produced without the use of antibiotics

130
Q

What can you stay instead of organic

A

Certified organic by:

131
Q

What can you say instead of happy on a label

A

Pasture raised

132
Q

Federal regulation of hormones in pork and poultry

A

It is prohibited to use hormones for pork and chicken

133
Q

What are consumers wanting to hear attributed to alternative meat

A
No added hormones 
No growth antibiotics 
Good animal welfare 
Pasture raised 
Local and or known origin
134
Q

Conventional corn fed beef life

A

Cow/calf pasture until weaned at 7 months
Stocker operation
Feedlot (drylot) high grain to help marble

135
Q

How are hormones added to conventional beef cattle

A

Implant in the ear

136
Q

Grass fed cows

A

Only grass fed (no feedlot)
Family farms
No hormones or antibiotics

137
Q

Standards for pasture raised beef cattle

A

No set standards
Grazing but
Can feed grain

138
Q

Naturally raised meat production

A

Cattle never received growth promoting hormones or antibiotics
Not fed byproduct

139
Q

Animal welfare meat production

A
Behave naturally and have pasture access 
Family farm 
AI okay but ET not 
Vaccines 
Antibiotics for sick 
No growth hormones
140
Q

Domestication of rabits

A

French monks during the Middle Ages

141
Q

When were rabbits introduced in Australia?

A

1800s

142
Q

What happened after the introduction of rabbits to Australia and New Zealand

A

Rabbit plague

143
Q

Adult male rabbit

A

Buck

144
Q

Rabbit adult female

A

Doe

145
Q

Rabbit newborn

A

Kits

146
Q

Birth process in rabbits

A

Kindling

147
Q

Why is spaying highly recommended for rabbits

A

High incidence of uterine and ovarian cancer

148
Q

Lifespan of a rabbit

A

5 to 12 years

149
Q

Why are rabbits successful breeders

A

Induced ovulators

Lots of little kits at a time

150
Q

Behaviors in rabbits

A

Nibbling
Using a litter box
Thumping

151
Q

Thumping

A

How rabbits show they’re upset

152
Q

What kind of GI tract do rabbits have

A

Hindgut fermentation (digestion occurs after small intestine)

153
Q

Coprophagy

A

Voluntarily consume their own feces

154
Q

Why do rabbits eat their own feces

A

To get bacterial protein that was produced in the cecum

155
Q

What are commercial rabbits fed?

A

Pellets with everything in it

156
Q

What are pet rabbits fed?

A

Timothy hay

Orchard grass

157
Q

Which hay is more expensive for rabbits

A

Timothy hay because it only grows in cold climates

158
Q

What hay should you not feed rabbits

A

Alfalfa hay because high in calcium that can cause urinary calculi

159
Q

High grain diet in rabbits

A

Enteritis

Or enterotoxemia

160
Q

When can kits start eating adult diets

A

2-3 weeks

161
Q

Where are hamsters native

A

Desert areas of Syria

162
Q

What kind of tail do hampsters have

A

Studded

163
Q

What kind of tail do gerbils have

A

Hairy long tail

164
Q

What kind of tails do rats have

A

No hair long tail

165
Q

Where are gerbils native to

A

Dry desert like regions of Asia an Africa

166
Q

Nickname for gerbils

A

Sand rats

167
Q

Life span of hampsters

A

2 to 3 years

168
Q

What are hampsters like in nature

A

Solitary
Temps 65-79
Hibernate
Estimation

169
Q

Hibernation in hampsters

A

Below 45 F

170
Q

Temps above 80 in hampsters

A

Estivation

171
Q

Do hampsters burrow

A

Yas

Give bedding to express this

172
Q

How do hampsters transport food

A

In their cheek pouches

173
Q

Diet for hamsters

A

Granivorous

Coprophagous

174
Q

Granivorous

A

Seeds and grain

175
Q

Cophrophagous

A

Eat their own feces

176
Q

What do hampsters need aside from food and water

A

Bedding and exercise!

177
Q

What do gerbils like to do

A

Burrow and play!

178
Q

Lifespan for rats

A

2.5-3 years

179
Q

Why are rats gr8 pets

A
Clean and odor free 
Short lifespan 
Seldom bite, unless injured 
Very interactive 
Groom regularly
180
Q

Difference in mice and rats

A

Smaller

181
Q

Gregarious

A

Mice live in colonies and clans and should be housed together

182
Q

Why were ferrets domesticated

A

Hunting purposes

183
Q

How many ferrets kept as pets

A

780,000

184
Q

Why are ferrets illegal in some places?

A

California and Hawaii

Worried about overpopulation

185
Q

Lifespan of ferrets

A

5-10 years

186
Q

Why are ferrets successful at breeding

A

Induced ovulators

187
Q

When do ferrets mate

A

April through September

188
Q

What can ferrets mate with

A

Minks but infertile progeny

189
Q

True diet of ferrets

A

Carnivores

190
Q

What kind of feed should you give ferrets

A

Fresh meat or canned cat foot

No carbs or fiber!

191
Q

Why were chinchillas initially raised

A

For their fur

192
Q

Where are chinchilla native

A

Chile and Peru

193
Q

How big are chinchillas

A

1-1.5 points and a foot long

194
Q

How long to chinchillas live?

A

15-20 years

195
Q

How do chinchillas live in the wild

A

In groups

196
Q

Precautions for chinchillas

A

Not the best for children bc they bite out of fear

197
Q

Chinchilla diet

A

Similar to guinea pig
Hay and veggies
No carbs and sugars

198
Q

Upset behavior in guinea pigs

A

Grind teeth

199
Q

Guinea pig behavior

A

Very gentle and love company

200
Q

How much do guinea pigs weigh

A

2 pounds

201
Q

How long do Guinea pigs live

A

5-6 years

202
Q

What do guinea pigs eat

A

Guinea pig chow and roughages

203
Q

What noise do guinea pigs make when they’re happy

A

Squeak!