Exam 5 Flashcards
environmental information is registered, large capacity for information, duration: 1/4 second-3 seconds
sensory memory
new information is transferred from sensory memory, old information is retrieved from long-term memory, limited capacity for information, duration: approximately 20-30 seconds
short-term (working) memory
information that was been encoded in short term memory is stored, unlimited capacity for information, duration: potentially permanent
long term memory
The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system
encoding
The process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time
storage
the process of recovering information stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it
retrieval
The mental or verbal repetition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20-second duration of short-term memory
maintenance rehearsal
Rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information to help encode and transfer it to long-term memory
elaborative rehearsal
_____-____ memory is more likely to be used when the focus is on simpler memory processes, such as rehearsing lists of syllables, words, or numbers
working term
tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle
The Serial Position Effect
Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit,
chunking
The temporary storage and active, conscious manipulation of information needed for complex cognitive tasks, such as reasoning, learning, and problem solving.
working memory
the __________ _____, is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words
phonological loop
the ___________ ___________, is specialized for spatial or visual material
visuospatial sketchpad
the ________ ________ controls attention, integrates information, and manages activities of phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad
Central executive
Category of long-term memory that includes memories of particular/specific events
episodic memory
Category of long-term memory that includes memories of general knowledge, concepts, facts, and names; general knowledge
semantic memory
Category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions; muscle memory
procedural memory
tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the information
context effect
Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory
clustering
An encoding specificity phenomenon in which a given mood tends to evoke memories that are consistent with that mood
mood congruence
When you are in a good mood, you remember good memories
example of mood congurence
A memory phenomenon that involves the sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it
tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experience
The recall of very specific images or details surrounding a vivid, rare, or significant personal event; details may or may not be accurate
flashbulb memory