Exam 5 Flashcards
What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder? (GERD)
Caused from a relaxed lower esophageal sphincter
Acid reflux from stomach ⬆️ to esophagus, causing irritation 😮💨
S & S of GERD
Dyspepsia (pain)
Regurgitation 🤮
Heartburn ❤️🔥
GERD teaching
Diet management
Sit up after eating 🪑
⬇️ irritating factors 🔥-
🍫, ⬆️fatty, 🧂, 🌶️ foods
What is a Hiatal Hernia
Portion of stomach herniates into esophagus
Caused by weak diaphragm or
⬆️ intraabdominal pressure
Nursing management for Hiatal Hernia
Diet education
⬇️ abd pressure
What is Peptic Ulcer 🕳️Disease (PUD)
🕳️ Erosion of mucosa in the stomach or duodenum by acid & pepsin ⛏️
Common causes of Peotic Ulcer Disease? 🕳️
🏆- H-Pylori
or
Smoking🚬
NSAIDS 💊
ETOH 🍷
Coffee ☕
Stress 📚📖
S&S of gastric PUD?
Pain 1-2hrs after 🍽️
🌮 food makes pain worse
Can cause obstruction 🪨
Weight loss 💀
Emesis 🤮
S&S if duodenal PUD
Pain 2-5hrs after meals ⌛
Pain relieved with 🌮☺️
90% H-Pylori 🦠
Pain at🌛
PUD Nursing Interventions
Teaching-
💊- Meds, Abx, 🚫NSAIDS & compliance
🚫🚬, ⬇️ stress
Dietary modifications
Monitor 🩸loss & 🤮
Oral care 🦷🪥
What is Peritonitis?
Caused by perforation or rupture of abd organs ✨
Intestines and 🦠 are Now in the peritoneum 🤬
S&S of Peritonitis?
Abdominal pain/tenderness 🥵
Rigid abdomen
Distension 🫄
Fever🤒
Tachycardia 🫀
Nausea & 🤮
Nursing management 🩺for Peritonitis
Vitals 🩺
Oxygen
Pain 💊
🔍 I/Os
Labs- Electrolytes & CBC 🩸
What is IBS and what is it caused by?
Chronic inflammation of GI 🫄
Caused by:
Ulcerative Collitits (large colon)
Crohns Disease (any part of GI)
Crohn’s S & S
Fistulas 🚇 & strictures 🦠
Weight loss
Malabsorption 💀
🚽 diarrhea 5-7x/day
Abdominal pain 😖
Ulcerative Coloitis S&s
Inflammation & 🕳️ @rectum 🍑
⬆️ to cecum
⬆️ 🚽 a lot of diarrhea with 🩸,
10-20x/day
Mild-severe cramping 😖
Electrolyte ⬇️
Pseudopolyps 🍇
Anemia 🩸
Dehydration 🥵
IBD management
⬆️ calorie & protein
⬇️ fiber 🍃
Iron supplement 💊
💊 therapy
Correct F/E loss 💦
Prevent weight loss
Monitor 💩, pain, VS, weight, I/Os
Post-op care
GI assessment 🩺
Intestinal obstruction 💩🪨 S&S
SBO:
⏲️Sudden abdominal pain
⬆️Pitched tinkling above area of obstruction ☔
LBO:
Distension 🤰🏽
Constipation 🪨
Bowl sounds present, then slowly hypoactive👂
Bowel obstruction management 🤕
Post-op care (Ostomy?)
✔️I/O
Hydration 💦
NG tube 🐽
Monitor 💩, 🤮, pH
Hepatitis S&S
Jaundice 👨🦳
Lathargic 🛌
Ascites 🫄
🩸Issues
Color change of urine and 💩
What are you at risk for with Liver Disease?
Bleeding 🩸
This can lead to Sepsis
Peritonitis 🦠
Cirrhosis S&S
End stage Liver Disease- fibrosed 🪨
Ascites 🫄
Jaundice 👨🦱
Esophageal varies 🩸
Low platelets
Ammonia- 💊 Lactulose (diarrhea)
Untreated STIs can lead to?
Infertility 🚫👶🏼
Chronic pain 😖
Ectopic pregnancy
Sepsis 🦠🥵
Chlamydia
🏆most common STI
⬆️ in women 👭💖
Often 🚫 symptoms
Discharge, dysuria 1-3wks after 🦠
Pelvic inflam Disease in women
Men & Women= scarring
Syphilis
Primary- Infectious 🦠Lesions (2wks-3m)
Secondary- 🤒, rash to ✋🦶(1wk-6m)
Latent- 2ndary sx disappear
Tertiary- systemic
(🦴, skin, 🫀, 🧠CNS)
Gonorrhea
Common in US
⬆️ in males 💙
Women- urethritis, Purulent vaginal discharge 😳, PID, infertility
Men- ureghritis, dysuria, swollen & painful testicles, purulemt penile discharge 😳
Genetal Herpes (HSV)
Herpes sImplex type 2
Burning 🔥
Itching
Tingling
Lesions/blisters
Triggers🔫 - stress, weak immune
General Warts (HPV)
🤍🩶🩷colored papillary growths
1-10 warts at a time
Men- 🍌, scrotum, anal, urethral
Women- inner thigh, vulva, vagina, cervix, perineum
Get vaccinated as child
What is a Sprain? 🤔
Injury to Ligaments surrounding joint
(bone-to-bone)
Usually with twisting motion 🌀
What is a Strain?
Excessive stretching of a muscle 💪, often involving tendon
(muscle-to-muscle)
What is a closed fracture?
A broken 🦴
🚫 break in skin
What is an open fracture?
A broken 🦴
There is a 🕳️ in the skin
Example: person shot self in hand w/ nail 🔫& broke bone 🦴
⬆️ risk of 🦠
Hip Fracture 🕺🏻
Common in 👵👴🏾
External 🦵rotation
Shortening of extremity
Severe pain 😖
Surgery- Hip replacement
🚫 turning on affected side
DTV 🩸 in long 🦴
🚫Bending
Amputation ⛏️
Due to PVD or DM 🍭
Preserve as much 🦴as possible
Pain management 💊
Rehab ♿
Body image coping 🤕
Joint surgery 🔪
To improve ROM
Neurovascular Assessment 🧠🩸
Anticoagulants
Analgesia
Antibiotics 💊
Ambulation 🚶
Osteomyelitis
🦠 of:
Bone 🦴
None marrow
Surrounding soft tissue
Osteoporosis
Chronic, ⬇️🦴 mass & deterioration⚒️
Fragile bones
💊- steroids, calcium, vit D
🚫🚭🍹
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Females 💓
Older age 👵
Family Hx of Osteoperosis
Hypothyroid
White & Asian race
Small stature
Early menopause 🩸
⬇️ calcium
Sedentary lifestyle 🛋️
What is Arthritis?
Inflammation of a or multiple joint/s
causing pain 😖, swelling, and stiffness 🫳🏽
Osteoarthritis
Slowly progressive inflammation of synovial joints
Risk factor-
⬆️Age
Genetics 🧬
Obesity
Injury 🤕
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic, Systemic ,Autoimmune disease
Inflammation of connective tissue and joints 🦴
Genetic 🧬& environmental factors
⬆️ Women
What are the 5 Ps in a Nueurovascular Assessment?
Pain 😖
Pallor🦵🏻
Pulse 🩸
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Extra P- Pochiothermia (temp)
