Exam 4 Flashcards
Hyperglycemia common symptoms 🍭
Polyuria- frequent urination
Polydipsia- excessive thirst 🥤
Polyphagia- hunger 🫃🏻
With DM1, without insulin 💉the patient can develop?
DKA
Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis, resulting in metabolic acidosis 🩸
What is the most important risk factor for DM2?
Obesity ⚖️🤰🏽
Manifestations of DM2?
Fatigue 🥱
Recurrent infections 🦠
Recurrent vaginal yeast infx
Prolonged wound healing ❤️🩹
Visual changes 👀 👓
When are 🤰🏻moms screened for gestational diabetes?
24-28wks with an oral glucose tolerance test 🍵
🍪How is diabetes diagnosed?
-Fasting plasma glucose 🩸
-Random plasma glucose w/symptoms
-2hr glucose tolerance test ⏳
-A1c test 🩸(3 month %)
People with DM can become hypoglycemic with exercise. What should we teach them about exercise? 🏋🏽♀️
Exercise 1hr after a meal 🕚 or
Snack of 10-15g carbohydrates 🍌
Check📍🩸BS before exercise
🏃🏽♂️🏋️♂️🏊🏼♂️🚴♀️
Nursing management for Diabetes Mellitus
How to check BS 📍🩸
How to administer insulin 💉
Storage of insulin 🆒
Side effects of 💊
Management of hypoglycemia 🍊
Weight ⚖️
Nutrition 🥗
Foot 🦶 care (🚫🧴between toes)
Grippy 🧦(Neuropathy)
Closed toe 👟- no injury
End-organ disease from damage to blood 🪢vessels from DM is divided into ✌🏽categories
Macrovascular complications
(Large &Medium 🩸vessels)
Microvascular complications
(🪢Tiny vessels)
Macrovascular complications effect…
Heart 🫀
Peripheral vascular system
Brain 🧠
Microvascular complications effect…
Tiny vessels of the 👁️
Kidneys
Nerves ⚡️
What is Retinopathy?
Microvascular damage in👁️retina due to chronic hyperglycemia
-later sign of DM
-annual 👁️ exam needed
What is Nephropathy?
Damage to small 🤏🏽blood vessels that supply the glomeruli of the kidneys. 🪢
Yearly urine Albumin test 💛
What is Neuropathy?
Nerve⚡️damage due to DM
Frequently in 🦵🏻
Podiatry
Fall risk‼️
What is the most common cause for hospitalization🏥 in a person with DM?
Foot complications 🦶
-Foot ulcers 🕳️
What is a goiter?
Enlarged thyroid gland
Pre-Diabetes Ranges
Fasting glucose- 100-125 🩸
2hr OGTT- 140-199 🍵
A1c- 5.7-6.4% (3m timeframe)
Diabetes Ranges
Fasting glucose- 126+
Hemoglobin A1c - 6.5+ (3m)
2hr OGTT- 200+
Random glucose- 200+ & symptoms
DM1 Signs and Symptoms
Polyphasia- Hunger
Polydipsia- Thirst 🚰
Polyuria- Frequent Urination
Weight loss ⬇️ (skinny build)
Reoccurring 🦠- (likes sugar)
Fatigue 🥱
What can raise hyperglycemia?
Stress 😖
Surgery 🔪
Steroids 💊
Rule of 15s ⏲️
(Hypoglycemia)
Give juice or pop 🧃🥤
⏳15 min ✔️BS 🩸
If still ⬇️ give more 🧃🥤
⏳15 ✔️ BS 🩸
If still ⬇️ give glucagon or D5
If ⬆️ give 🥛, 🧀, or crackers to maintain normal BS ♾️
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
Cold 🥶
Clammy 😰
Shaking 🫨
Tachycardia 🫀
Vision changes 👓
With diabetes and sickness you…
Check frequent BS 📍
Follow up with PCP
(lower immune system)
The pituitary gland releasedls TSH that then….
Stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T 4
What does 🩸bloodwork look like with someone with Hypothyroid?
⬆️TSH
⬇️ T3 and T4
What does bloodwork 🩸 look like with someone with Hyperthyroid?
⬇️ TSH
⬆️ T3 and T4
What electrolytes should you worry about with someone with Parathyroid Disorder?
Calcium and Phosohorus
Hyperparathyroidism can cause?
⬆️ Calcium
Osteoperosis 🦴
Renal failure
Renal calculi 🪨
🫀 changes
🦴 fractures 🩻
Hypoparathyroidism can cause?
⬇️ Calcium
Tetany (🤌🏽 throwning gang signs)
Give calcium gluconate & Vit D
