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B. Final exam 405 > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The lab switches to a xylene substitute in the processor. Which phase of the Total Test Approach is affected

A

Pre-Analytical

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2
Q

With a new antibody optimization you should first

A

Consult the antibody specification sheet

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3
Q

Companion diagnostic assay results are essential for all of the following reasons except

A

Determine the patient’s survival rate

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4
Q

Which of the following antibodies can be included in a panel to identify mast cells

A

Tryptase

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5
Q

An antibody cocktail used for simultaneous IHC staining may contain

A

Both rabbit and mouse antibodies

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6
Q

Which Her 2 score indicates the highest response to the drug Herceptin?

A

3+

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7
Q

An automated IHC instrument would be a desirable addition to the histology laboratory because they:

A

Offer consistency

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8
Q

The detection of two or more antigens in the same tissue section is defined as

A

Dual or multi-staining

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9
Q

Digital pathology can be useful for

A

Improving quality assurance

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10
Q

Which of the following antibodies is a mesenchymal marker which aids in the diagnosis of sarcomas

A

Vimentin

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11
Q

Testing a panel of tissues or cases to determine consistency and reproducibility in antibody performance is referred to as

A

Validation

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12
Q

Which of the following is a component of the pre-analytical phase

A

Fixation

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13
Q

An equivocal Her-2 score of 2+ would result in

A

Reflex to FISH

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14
Q

In this type of IHC instrument technology, continuous movement of the covertile ensures even distribution of the reagents over the slide

A

Dynamic Gap Staining

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15
Q

The variability that can occur between histology labs when handling tissue from surgical removal to fixation is a strong hindrance of

A

Standardization

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16
Q

Which of the following would be a technical challenge of multi-staining

A

Balancing signal intensities

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17
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of sequential staining

A

Minimized cross-reactivity

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a protocol parameter for optimization

A

Fixation

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19
Q

Image analysis aids in

A

Interpretation

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20
Q

Which of the following antibody regulatory statuses would not require additional documentation in the pathology report

A

IVD

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21
Q

An automated IHC instrument would be beneficial by

A

Reducing human error

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22
Q

Determining whether the positive tissue control stained appropriately is part of which phase of the Total Test Approach

A

Post-analytical

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23
Q

Choosing which antigen retrieval method to use is a component of which phase of the total test approach

A

Analytical

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24
Q

Which two components are used to score ER and PR results

A

The proportion of cells positive and the intensity of the signal

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25
Q

A rapid consultation is needed for a patient from another hospital. What would be an optimal application in this instance

A

Digital pathology

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26
Q

Deciding which antigen retrieval method to use when optimizing a protocol is a component of which phase of the Total Test Approach

A

Analytical

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27
Q

Which of the following would be an advantage of multi-staining

A

Conservation of tissue

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28
Q

An open system should only be considered if the laboratory has

A

Highly skilled histotechs

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29
Q

Which two primary antibodies would be included in a Hodgkin’s lymphoma panel

A

CD15 and CD30

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30
Q

This type of IHC instrument allows for single slides to be loaded and unloaded independently

A

Continuous

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31
Q

NordiQC or HistoQIP are examples of which type of quality assurance measure

A

External

32
Q

Which of the following is a limitation for multi-staining

A

All antibodies must be optimized for the same antigen retrieval

33
Q

Which of the following would not be a CAP recommendation relating to quality assurance

A

Barcode tracking must be implemented

34
Q

Simultaneous multi-staining allows for

A

Quicker turn around times

35
Q

Reviewing slides after each IHC run for specificity is an example of:

A

Internal quality assurance

36
Q

Which of the following antibodies is classified as a prognostic or predictive marker

A

Her-2

37
Q

In this type of staining technology, a dispenser applies reagent to slides arranged horizontally

A

Open individual slide system

38
Q

A lack of standardization likely results in

A

Poor reproducibility

39
Q

You are asked to demonstrate two antigens on the same slide using two mouse monoclonal antibodies. Which staining method would you choose in order to minimize cross-reactivity

A

Sequential

40
Q

For initial validation of Class II predictive markers, CAP guidelines suggest

A

20 positive and 20 negative tissues

41
Q

An external IHC quality assurance program is important

A

To compare results between different laboratories

42
Q

Of the following antibodies, which one is a marker of T-cells only

A

CD3

43
Q

HMB45 is typically used in a panel for the diagnosis of

A

Melanoma

44
Q

Which instance would require partial re-validation

A

The fixative was changed

45
Q

The process of determining the optimal protocol parameters to ensure that the primary antibody reacts specifically with the target antigen is referred to as

A

Optimization

46
Q

One of the purposes of image analysis is to

A

Quantify staining intensity and proportion

47
Q

CD45 will detect which cell type

A

Lymphocytes

48
Q

For initial validation of Class I non-predictive markers, CAP guidelines suggest

A

10 positive and 10 negative tissues

49
Q

This type of IHC staining system allows for increased protocol options during optimization

A

Open

50
Q

This type of IHC instrument requires that slides to be loaded and off-loaded at the same pre-determined time

A

Batch

51
Q

A breast nodule is suspected of having metastasized from a carcinoma of a different organ. Which two antibodies may be used in a panel to determine the complex epithelial origin

A

CK7 and CK20

52
Q

An open IHC staining system may be preferred due to

A

Increased flexibility

53
Q

Which of the following is an optimization recommendation when selecting the antigen retrieval method

A

Refer to the antibody specification sheet

54
Q

Ensuring consistent and reproducible IHC results is referred to as

A

Standardization

55
Q

According to CAP guidelines, the initial validation should achieve 90% accordance between the new assay and

A

Expected results

56
Q

Which of the following antibodies could be used to differentiate between a B cell or T cell lymphoma

A

CD3 and CD20

57
Q

The cytokeratin antibody clone AE1/AE3/PCK26 would demonstrate which tissue type

A

Epithelium

58
Q

In order to produce the most consistent results for image analysis, what type of IHC staining system would be recommended

A

Closed

59
Q

Which of the following is an antibody used to detect an infectious agent

A

EBV

60
Q

A next-generation antibody may be defined as an assay that

A

Improves upon a previous clone

61
Q

Which of the following is a key factor hindering IHC standardization

A

Variability and options offered by manufacturers

62
Q

An advantage of multi-staining is that

A

Spatial relationships between antigens can be determined

63
Q

The lack of universal interpretation standards affects which phase of the total test approach

A

Post-analytical

64
Q

An antibody cocktail targeting three different antigens is used. Which method of multi-staining would this be referred to

A

Simultaneous

65
Q

Which of the following is a predictive marker for breast cancer

A

ER

66
Q

Which protocol parameter is selected dependent on the detection enzyme used

A

Chromogen

67
Q

Complementary diagnostic assay results are

A

Not required for therapy administration

68
Q

In this IHC staining technology, a proprietary oil-based fluid is applied over the reagent on the slide to inhibit evaporation

A

Liquid overlay system

69
Q

One purpose of an antibody panel is to

A

Determine origin of tumors

70
Q

A technical challenge of sequential multi-staining would be

A

Avoiding overrinsing or masking of the first chromogen

71
Q

In image analysis, images are analyzed using

A

Algorithms

72
Q

In sequential staining, inadequate results may occur due to improper

A

Elution/Rinsing

73
Q

Which of the following is an example of a common algorithm used in histopathology laboratories

A

Her-2

74
Q

The purpose of validation is to

A

Ensure reliable and consistent results

75
Q

Which of the following is true: Lung adenocarcinomas are typically

A

CK7 positive

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

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