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B. Final exam 405 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which detection enzyme results in the formation of a final reaction product by the removal of a phosphate group

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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2
Q

What is true of the LSAB detection system

A

secondary antibody is biotinylated

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3
Q

This alkaline phosphatase substrate is most sensitive since it continues to develop over many hours

A

BCIP/NBT

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4
Q

Doesn’t affect primary incubation time

A

pH

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5
Q

One advantage of using fragmented secondary antibodies is that they

A

Penetrate tissue more efficiently

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6
Q

Which of the following will help to reduce unavoidable aggregation and polymerization of antibodies to the storage container

A

BSA

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7
Q

Which of the following diluents would be a logical choice for immunofluorescence (IF) on a frozen section

A

PBS

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8
Q

Which of the following could be used as an enhancer for alkaline phosphatase detection

A

Magnesium chloride

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9
Q

When a primary antibody conjugated with an enzyme is used, the technique is called

A

Direct

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10
Q

Which of the following is an example of a DAB enhancer

A

Copper sulfate

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11
Q

An IHC labeling method in which a large avidin-biotin complex is directly labeled with an enzyme is called

A

ABC

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12
Q

An advantage of polymer detection over LSAB is

A

Decreased nonspecific staining

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13
Q

This visualization method provides the best microscopic image quality

A

Fluorophore

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14
Q

A common fluorophore used in immunohistochemistry is

A

Fluorescein/FITC

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15
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of RTU antibodies

A

Shorter shelf life

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16
Q

If the pipette tip is immersed too far into the reagent this can occur

A

More liquid than intended will be aspirated

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17
Q

A disadvantage of DAB chromogen is that

A

False positives may occur without endogenous peroxidase blocking

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18
Q

Which of the following is an AP substrate

A

Naphthol AS-MX

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19
Q

In regards to concentrated antibodies, which would be the best practice

A

Aliquot into smaller amounts to avoid repeated freezing and thawing

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20
Q

This type of polymer is most susceptible to steric hindrance

A

Dextran polymer

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21
Q

You should pause with the pipette tip in the liquid for at least one second after aspirating or this may result

A

An inaccurate amount may be aspirated

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22
Q

Prediluted antibodies are typically stored at

A

2 to 8°C

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23
Q

The shelf life of an antibody is directly linked to

A

Proper storage

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24
Q

Which of the following antibody diluents has a higher risk for non-specific background staining

A

PBS

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25
Q

In which instance would AEC be preferred over DAB

A

When evaluating a melanocytic lesion

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26
Q

Which of the following is a substrate/chromogen used in alkaline phosphatase detection

A

BCIP/NBT

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27
Q

An increased antibody concentration would have what effect on the primary incubation

A

Decreased time

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28
Q

Which antibody format can be used as it is received from the vendor

A

RTU

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29
Q

The compact polymer is considered more sensitive than its dextran counterpart due to the

A

Smaller size

30
Q

Which of the following reagents would be added to diluents to decrease surface tension

A

Tween 20

31
Q

Which factor determines the optimal primary incubation time

A

Point of saturation or equilibrium

32
Q

With this type of detection system, the enzyme and secondary antibody can be conjugated on the same complex

A

Polymer

33
Q

The streptavidin complex (LSAB) method incorporates

A

streptavidin-biotin complex bound to a biotin labeled secondary antibody

34
Q

Fluorochrome-conjugated primary antibodies are an example of

A

Direct detection

35
Q

Low affinity primary antibodies may require a(n)

A

Overnight incubation

36
Q

Which of the following is a substrate/chromogen used with horseradish peroxidase

A

DAB

37
Q

When using the direct method for immunofluorescence

A

Fluorochrome-labeled primary antibody is applied

38
Q

Which is one of the two most important considerations with antibody storage and handling

A

Temperature

39
Q

An advantage of direct detection is the

A

Shorter staining time

40
Q

A disadvantage of fluorescent visualization is that

A

Photo-bleaching can occur

41
Q

In the indirect immunohistochemistry method

A

Unlabeled primary antibody is used

42
Q

Which of the following is a chromogen used in HRP immunohistochemistry that is soluble in alcohol

A

AEC

43
Q

The concentration of antibody in serum is referred to as the

A

Titer

44
Q

The antibody dilution is the proportion of antibody to:

A

Diluent

45
Q

Which of the following lists the sensitivity of indirect detection methods from least sensitive to most sensitive

A

ABC, LSAB, dextran polymer, compact polymer

46
Q

The antibody diluent pH should be between

A

7-9

47
Q

Which is true of the ABC method

A

Large complex which can hinder specificity

48
Q

What is the most common host species of secondary antibodies

A

Goat

49
Q

The secondary antibody must

A

Be directed against the host species of the primary

50
Q

The average primary incubation time is

A

10-30 mins

51
Q

Turbidity or cloudiness of IHC reagents likely indicates

A

Contamination

52
Q

Which of the following best describes the method shown in the image

A

Indirect polymer

53
Q

Which of the following factors governs the optimal antibody dilution

A

Intrinsic affinity

54
Q

Which type of detection system will allow for conjugation of both anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies on the same complex

A

Polymer

55
Q

Alkaline phosphatase is isolated from

A

Calf intestine

56
Q

The peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining method visualizes the antibody-antigen interaction with a(n)

A

Tertiary antibody directed against an enzyme

57
Q

The most preferred regulatory status of antibodies used in a clinical setting is

A

IVD

58
Q

Antibodies within this regulatory status are not intended for diagnostic use

A

RUO

59
Q

Red chromogen may be chosen over brown (DAB) for which of the following reasons

A

Provides good contrast in melanocytic lesions

60
Q

This type of visualization would most likely be used to demonstrate antigens in frozen tissue sections

A

FITC

61
Q

Which of the following is NOT an inhibitor of the AP detection enzyme

A

Excess hydrogen peroxide

62
Q

Which of the following antibody diluents would provide the best staining results

A

TBS

63
Q

Horseradish peroxidase requires the presence of this to catalyze the reaction with DAB

A

Hydrogen peroxide

64
Q

With which antigen retrieval technique would you likely need to lengthen the primary antibody incubation time

A

HIER using a water bath

65
Q

Which of the following would be an advantage of concentrated antibodies

A

Extended shelf life

66
Q

What is the relationship between the antibody dilution and concentration

A

The higher the dilution, the lower the concentration

67
Q

Diluent is combined with a/n ____________________ to create a working dilution

A

Antibody

68
Q

The primary antibody is goat anti-mouse. What would be the optimal choice for the secondary antibody

A

Bovine anti-goat

69
Q

Which of the following is NOT a factor when selecting a chromogen

A

Molecule size

70
Q

In relation to antibody storage, this diluent component serves as a stabilizing or carrier protein

A

BSA

71
Q

Which of the following is not a factor affecting the optimal dilution of an antibody

A

The regulatory status of the antibody

72
Q

A low salt concentration is added to diluents to

A

Decrease nonspecific interaction

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

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