Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B. Final exam 405 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Detergents may be added to wash buffer

A

Reduce hydrophobic interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Frozen sections may be preferred in immunohistochemistry if the antigen

A

Susceptible to heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intrinsic affinity determined by the

A

Idiotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which is true of immunohistochemistry

A

It can be used to determine the origin of tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blocking endogenous biotin is necessary when using

A

Streptavidin detection system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paraffin sections for IHC should be sectioned between

A

3-4 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polyclonal antibodies are generated through

A

Immunogen boosters and serum purification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When used as blocking reagent, 1% BSA

A

Bind to the non specific protein in tissue to prevent background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The clone of an antibody is determined by the

A

Idiotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The method of antigen retrieval most dependent on

A

Fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non-specific staining due to Fc receptor in tissues is more of a concern with

A

Frozen sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Frozen sections for immunohistochemistry most commonly fixed in

A

Acetone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Maximum recommended temperature that tissue for IHC should be exposed to during processing

A

60-65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Underdigestion w enzyme retrieval will most likely cause

A

False negatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hybridoma is produced when B lymphocytes are fused with

A

Myeloma tumor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Following enzyme retrieval, the tissue is fragmented and lifting off the slide

A

Enzyme digestion step was too long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

One purpose of epitope retrieval is to

A

Restore tertiary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chemical used to quench endogenous alkaline phospatase in tissue sections

A

Levamisole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blocking endogenous enzymes is necessary to prevent

A

Non specific staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fixatives that tend to mask antigenicsites through crosslinking and hamper detection by antibodies contain

A

Aldehydes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following may serve as a Wash buffer and HIER solution

A

Tbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Advantage of lHC over molecular techniques

A

Tumor heterogeneity can be detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tris buffer

A

As temp increases pH decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Purpose of wash buffer

A

Avoid non specific staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When selecting a primary antibody, the reactivity species is defined as the

A

Species the antigen is within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Antibody class most frequently used in IHC is

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Molecule that specifically binds with antibody is referred to as

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Immunoglobulin light chain class

A

Kappa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Portion of immunoglobulin determining idiotype

A

Variable domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cold ischemic time

A

Tissue removal from patient to placement in fixative

31
Q

Fixative not recommended due to inconsistent staining results

A

Bouins

32
Q

Endogenous biotin most prevalent in

A

Liver

33
Q

IgG immunoglobulin has how many binding sites

A

2

34
Q

Antigen diffusion

A

Unexpected displacement of antigens from their normal location

35
Q

What tissue is susceptible to background staining due to hydrophobic interactions

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

High background/nonspecific staining is seen in IHC stained tissue section.Which protocol step was omitted

A

Blocking

37
Q

The antigen binding site of an antibody may also be referred to as the

A

Paratope

38
Q

The most commonly recommended incubation temperature for EIER

A

37

39
Q

The most aggressive HIER

A

Pressure cooker

40
Q

What is an advantage of epitope retrieval

A

Decreases background staining

41
Q

The purpose of fixation in IHC is to preserve morphology and

A

Immobilize the antigen

42
Q

What fixative for paraffin embedded tissues may decrease the need for antigen retrieval

A

Zinc formalin

43
Q

Monoclonal antibodies produced in this species are considered

A

Rabbit

44
Q

Which portion of the immunoglobulin is composed only of heavy chain

A

Fc

45
Q

With increased antibody affinity, the concentration of the antibody

A

Can be decreased

46
Q

The term for an antibody reacting with an epitope that is not the target epitope

A

Cross reactivity

47
Q

When selecting a primary antibody the host species must be

A

Different than the reactivity species

48
Q

Distilled water should be used to prepare wash buffers to prevent

A

Contamination

49
Q

Reprocessing of tissue is not recommended in immunohistochemistry because

A

Irreversible epitope damage may occur

50
Q

Which of the following is the preservative used in buffer solution

A

Sodium azide

51
Q

A homogeneous immunoglobulin that result from the proliferation of a single plasma cell line is defined as

A

Clone

52
Q

IHC stained sections show optimal positive staining at the edges of the tissue and absent staining in the middle

A

Under fixation

53
Q

Reduces hydrophobic interactions

A

Triton x

54
Q

Which antibody would be more susceptible to cross reactivity

A

Polyclonal

55
Q

The pH of the HIER solution is dependent on the

A

Target antigen and affinity of the antibody

56
Q

Digestion with pepsin

A

F(ab1)2

57
Q

Contain a spectrum of low to high affinity antibodies

A

Polyclonal antibody

58
Q

What wash buffer has more potential for background staining

A

Phosphate based

59
Q

This component of an immunoglobulin is either kappa or lambda

A

Light chain

60
Q

Equilibrium is reached when

A

All available epitopes are bound with antibody

61
Q

On formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections that have been deparaffinized what is the next step

A

Antigen retrieval

62
Q

Papain digestion cleaves the IgG molecule into

A

Two monovalent antigen-binding fragments

63
Q

The portion of the antigen to which the antibody is attracted

A

Epitope

64
Q

In horseradish peroxidase methods a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide alone is used to

A

Block endogenous peroxidase

65
Q

Most gentle HIER method on tissue sections

A

Waterbath

66
Q

In reference to the IgG structure, F(ab1)2 is composed of

A

One bivalve the fragment

67
Q

Underfixation can result in

A

Antigen diffusion

68
Q

The ideal fixation time for immunohistochemistry is

A

24-72 hours

69
Q

In which of the following instances would you most likely encounter cross species reactivity

A

A mouse anti-human antibody detecting an antigen in rat tissue

70
Q

Enzyme used for EIER

A

Protease

71
Q

What is a function of a detergent/surfactant in IHC reagents

A

Solubilizes the cell membrane

72
Q

Long term fixation results in

A

Decreased antigenicity

73
Q

When using a wash buffer, what is not good practice

A

Combining old buffer w new buffer

74
Q

Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, however they may be susceptible to weak staining due to

A

Dependence on the presence of a specific epitope

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions