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B. Final exam 405 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue surrounding each fascicle

A

Perimysium

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2
Q

A positive catalyst will have what effect on the rate of the reaction

A

Increases

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3
Q

The most common histochemical reaction demonstrating hydrolases is

A

Simultaneous coupling

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4
Q

The ATPase reaction involves initial coupling with

A

Calcium chloride

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5
Q

What is the coupler for the alkaline phosphatase method

A

Fast red

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6
Q

Normal human tissue contains

A

More type II fibers

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7
Q

FRP of SDH

A

Formazan

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8
Q

The results of the ATPase 9.4 method on a normal muscle biopsy would show

A

Dark type IIA and IIB, light type I fibers

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9
Q

Alkaline phosphatase falls under which enzyme classification

A

Hydrolase

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10
Q

pH meters are standardized with

A

Buffer solutions

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11
Q

With the NADH and SDH procedures, type I fiber types stain ________ due to ______

A

Darker, abundant mitochondria

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12
Q

A bundle of muscle fibers is called a

A

Fascicle

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13
Q

The acid phosphatase method demonstrates

A

Inflammatory cells

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14
Q

In the SDH method, which muscle fiber type will stain darker

A

Type I

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15
Q

Which enzyme reaction requires the presence of oxygen

A

Oxidase

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16
Q

The epimysium is a connective tissue layer that surrounds

A

The entire muscle mass

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17
Q

Which enzyme histochemical method is most sensitive for mitochondria

A

Succinic Dehydrogenase

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18
Q

Which is true of type II muscle fibers

A

Few mitochondria

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19
Q

This enzyme method identifies reactive blood vessels and connective tissue in inflammatory myopathies

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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20
Q

The most common type of diazonium salt used in simultaneous coupling reactions is:

A

Pararosanaline

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21
Q

The purpose of a coupler is to

A

Produce a final reaction product

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22
Q

Which enzyme histochemical method will differentiate between denervated muscle fibers and myogenic atrophy

A

α naphthyl acetate esterase

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23
Q

Myofibrils are located within the

A

Muscle fiber

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24
Q

Which is the best method for freezing a specimen for enzyme histochemistry

A

Lower the specimen in isopentane chilled with liquid nitrogen

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25
Q

An enzyme technique that will demonstrate inflammatory cells is

A

α naphthyl acetate esterase

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26
Q

SDH activity is demonstrated by a ____________ color reaction

A

Blue/purple

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27
Q

A major advantage to freezing tissue for enzyme histochemical stains is that

A

There is little inhibition of enzyme activity

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28
Q

Pompe’s disease otherwise known as acid maltase deficiency may be diagnosed with

A

Acid phosphatase

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29
Q

This method would be used to detect lipid storage disorders

A

Oil Red O

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30
Q

The connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber is referred to as

A

Endomysium

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31
Q

Which muscle fiber type contains abundant mitochondria

A

Type I

32
Q

The most common non-enzymatic stain used to detect glycogen storage diseases is

A

PAS

33
Q

In the alkaline phosphatase technique, the final reaction product formed is a/n

A

Azo dye

34
Q

Enzymes are classified by the

A

Type of reaction they catalyze

35
Q

This method may also detect architectural abnormalities such as central cores and target fibers

A

NADH

36
Q

A coenzyme is an example of a(n)

A

Cofactor

37
Q

Which staining method would best demonstrate nemaline rods in the sarcoplasm

A

Trichrome

38
Q

In the phosphorylase method, the substrate is

A

Glucose-1-phosphate

39
Q

Diazonium salts are useful in enzyme histochemistry because they

A

Act as a coupling reagent

40
Q

Which enzyme method identifies inflammatory cells such as mast cells, myeloid cells and granulocytes

A

Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase

41
Q

Calcium is used in the ATPase method because it will

A

Inhibit mitochondrial ATPase

42
Q

Which of the following is an example of an inhibitor

A

Temperature

43
Q

A pathological condition that affects muscle tissue is called

A

Myopathic

44
Q

One difference between post-incubation coupling and simultaneous coupling is that post-incubation coupling

A

Adds the coupler in a separate step

45
Q

Esterase falls under which basic enzyme reaction classification

A

Hydrolases

46
Q

In the demonstration of dehydrogenases, tetrazolium salts

A

Accept H+ to form formazan

47
Q

Which is true of type II muscle fibers

A

Have subtypes

48
Q

In the phosphorylase method, the activators are:

A

Insulin and AMP

49
Q

The reference electrode on the pH meter

A

Remains constant to provide a comparison to the sensing electrode

50
Q

A cofactor is

A

Nonprotein structure

51
Q

Diaphorases or dehydrogenases are also referred to as

A

Tetrazolium reductases

52
Q

Phosphorylase is under which enzyme classification

A

Transferase

53
Q

Enzyme activity may be destroyed at a temperature of

A

56°C or above

54
Q

Phosphatase methods are classified by the

A

Optimal pH

55
Q

The pH is critical in the NADH method because

A

Mitochondria may swell

56
Q

In simultaneous coupling, the diazonium salt acts as the

A

Coupler

57
Q

A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions by combining with a substrate is called a/n

A

Enzyme

58
Q

The substrate for the acid and alkaline phosphatase methods is

A

Naphthol AS-BI phosphate

59
Q

An α naphthyl acetate esterase procedure is performed on a patient’s muscle biopsy. Which result would indicate neurogenic atrophy

A

Atrophied fibers stain darker than normal fibers

60
Q

Fading of slides stained with the phosphorylase can be restained with

A

Iodine

61
Q

Enzymes that add or remove water from the substrate are classified as

A

Hydrolases

62
Q

What would be the expected acid phosphatase result of a muscle biopsy from a patient with Pompe’s disease

A

Increased enzyme activity

63
Q

A patient is suspected of having McArdle’s disease. Which enzyme histochemical stain would confirm this diagnosis

A

Phosphorylase

64
Q

This type of enzyme histochemical reaction product is not visible

A

Primary reaction product

65
Q

In the phosphorylase method, alcohol is added to the substrate to

A

Prevent polysaccharide branching

66
Q

In the histochemical detection of phosphorylase, the visible reaction product is demonstrated with

A

Iodine

67
Q

Which of the following enzyme techniques can be performed on paraffin sections or smears

A

Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase

68
Q

Most enzymes are best demonstrated at a pH of

A

7

69
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is referred to as the

A

Sarcoplasm

70
Q

The enzyme detected with the NADH method is

A

Diaphorase

71
Q

A disease that arises from the nervous system is said to be

A

Neurogenic

72
Q

This method would be used to detect the presence of acetylcholinesterase

A

α naphthyl acetate esterase

73
Q

Poor substrate solubility may result in

A

Failure to demonstrate the enzyme

74
Q

The final reaction product in the ATPase method is

A

Cobalt sulfide

75
Q

The freezing method for muscle biopsies is critical since

A

Muscle is prone to freezing artifact

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

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