Exam 1 Flashcards
Connective tissue surrounding each fascicle
Perimysium
A positive catalyst will have what effect on the rate of the reaction
Increases
The most common histochemical reaction demonstrating hydrolases is
Simultaneous coupling
The ATPase reaction involves initial coupling with
Calcium chloride
What is the coupler for the alkaline phosphatase method
Fast red
Normal human tissue contains
More type II fibers
FRP of SDH
Formazan
The results of the ATPase 9.4 method on a normal muscle biopsy would show
Dark type IIA and IIB, light type I fibers
Alkaline phosphatase falls under which enzyme classification
Hydrolase
pH meters are standardized with
Buffer solutions
With the NADH and SDH procedures, type I fiber types stain ________ due to ______
Darker, abundant mitochondria
A bundle of muscle fibers is called a
Fascicle
The acid phosphatase method demonstrates
Inflammatory cells
In the SDH method, which muscle fiber type will stain darker
Type I
Which enzyme reaction requires the presence of oxygen
Oxidase
The epimysium is a connective tissue layer that surrounds
The entire muscle mass
Which enzyme histochemical method is most sensitive for mitochondria
Succinic Dehydrogenase
Which is true of type II muscle fibers
Few mitochondria
This enzyme method identifies reactive blood vessels and connective tissue in inflammatory myopathies
Alkaline phosphatase
The most common type of diazonium salt used in simultaneous coupling reactions is:
Pararosanaline
The purpose of a coupler is to
Produce a final reaction product
Which enzyme histochemical method will differentiate between denervated muscle fibers and myogenic atrophy
α naphthyl acetate esterase
Myofibrils are located within the
Muscle fiber
Which is the best method for freezing a specimen for enzyme histochemistry
Lower the specimen in isopentane chilled with liquid nitrogen
An enzyme technique that will demonstrate inflammatory cells is
α naphthyl acetate esterase
SDH activity is demonstrated by a ____________ color reaction
Blue/purple
A major advantage to freezing tissue for enzyme histochemical stains is that
There is little inhibition of enzyme activity
Pompe’s disease otherwise known as acid maltase deficiency may be diagnosed with
Acid phosphatase
This method would be used to detect lipid storage disorders
Oil Red O
The connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber is referred to as
Endomysium
Which muscle fiber type contains abundant mitochondria
Type I
The most common non-enzymatic stain used to detect glycogen storage diseases is
PAS
In the alkaline phosphatase technique, the final reaction product formed is a/n
Azo dye
Enzymes are classified by the
Type of reaction they catalyze
This method may also detect architectural abnormalities such as central cores and target fibers
NADH
A coenzyme is an example of a(n)
Cofactor
Which staining method would best demonstrate nemaline rods in the sarcoplasm
Trichrome
In the phosphorylase method, the substrate is
Glucose-1-phosphate
Diazonium salts are useful in enzyme histochemistry because they
Act as a coupling reagent
Which enzyme method identifies inflammatory cells such as mast cells, myeloid cells and granulocytes
Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase
Calcium is used in the ATPase method because it will
Inhibit mitochondrial ATPase
Which of the following is an example of an inhibitor
Temperature
A pathological condition that affects muscle tissue is called
Myopathic
One difference between post-incubation coupling and simultaneous coupling is that post-incubation coupling
Adds the coupler in a separate step
Esterase falls under which basic enzyme reaction classification
Hydrolases
In the demonstration of dehydrogenases, tetrazolium salts
Accept H+ to form formazan
Which is true of type II muscle fibers
Have subtypes
In the phosphorylase method, the activators are:
Insulin and AMP
The reference electrode on the pH meter
Remains constant to provide a comparison to the sensing electrode
A cofactor is
Nonprotein structure
Diaphorases or dehydrogenases are also referred to as
Tetrazolium reductases
Phosphorylase is under which enzyme classification
Transferase
Enzyme activity may be destroyed at a temperature of
56°C or above
Phosphatase methods are classified by the
Optimal pH
The pH is critical in the NADH method because
Mitochondria may swell
In simultaneous coupling, the diazonium salt acts as the
Coupler
A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions by combining with a substrate is called a/n
Enzyme
The substrate for the acid and alkaline phosphatase methods is
Naphthol AS-BI phosphate
An α naphthyl acetate esterase procedure is performed on a patient’s muscle biopsy. Which result would indicate neurogenic atrophy
Atrophied fibers stain darker than normal fibers
Fading of slides stained with the phosphorylase can be restained with
Iodine
Enzymes that add or remove water from the substrate are classified as
Hydrolases
What would be the expected acid phosphatase result of a muscle biopsy from a patient with Pompe’s disease
Increased enzyme activity
A patient is suspected of having McArdle’s disease. Which enzyme histochemical stain would confirm this diagnosis
Phosphorylase
This type of enzyme histochemical reaction product is not visible
Primary reaction product
In the phosphorylase method, alcohol is added to the substrate to
Prevent polysaccharide branching
In the histochemical detection of phosphorylase, the visible reaction product is demonstrated with
Iodine
Which of the following enzyme techniques can be performed on paraffin sections or smears
Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase
Most enzymes are best demonstrated at a pH of
7
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is referred to as the
Sarcoplasm
The enzyme detected with the NADH method is
Diaphorase
A disease that arises from the nervous system is said to be
Neurogenic
This method would be used to detect the presence of acetylcholinesterase
α naphthyl acetate esterase
Poor substrate solubility may result in
Failure to demonstrate the enzyme
The final reaction product in the ATPase method is
Cobalt sulfide
The freezing method for muscle biopsies is critical since
Muscle is prone to freezing artifact
