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General Biology > Exam 4 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Exam 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells with a common function

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2
Q

Negative feedback

A

A mechanism of maintaining homeostasis in which the product of the process inhibits the process

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3
Q

Pharynx

A

Tube and muscles connecting the mouth to the esophagus; throat

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4
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that blocks the windpipe so food goes down the pharynx, not into the lungs

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5
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube that conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system

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7
Q

Large intestine

A

Colon; portion of the digestive system located between the small intestine and the anus that absorbs water and forms feces

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7
Q

Small intestine

A

The narrow, twisting, upper part of the intestine where nutrients are absorbed into the blood

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8
Q

Villi

A

Small fingerlike projections on the inside of the small intestine that function in nutrient absorption

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9
Q

Ureters

A

Tube that delivers urine from a kidney to the bladder

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10
Q

Kidneys

A

Major organ of the excretory system, responsible for filtering liquid waste from the blood

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11
Q

Urinary bladder

A

An organ of the excretory system that stores urine after it is excreted from the kidneys

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12
Q

Urethra

A

Urine-carrying duct that also carries sperm in males

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13
Q

Nephron

A

The functional structure within a kidney where waste filtration and urine concentration occurs

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14
Q

Lungs

A

The primary organ of the respiratory system; the site where gas exchange occurs

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15
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome-shaped muscle at the base of the chest cavity. Contraction of this muscle helps draw air into the lungs

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16
Q

Larynx

A

A portion of the upper respiratory tract made up primarily of stiff cartilage. Also known as the voice box

17
Q

Trachea

A

Air passage from upper respiratory system into lower respiratory system. Also called windpipe

18
Q

Bronchi

A

The large air passageways from the trachea into the lungs

19
Q

Bronchioles

A

The branching air passageway inside the lungs

20
Q

Alveoli

A

Sacs inside lungs, making up the respiratory surface in land vertebrates and some fish

21
Q

Respiratory surface

A

Body surface across which gas exchange occurs

22
Q

Gas exchange

A

The passage of gases, as a result of diffusion, from one compartment to another

23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An iron-containing protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

24
Q

Asthma

A

A respiratory disease characterized by spasmodic inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and overproduction of mucus. Often triggered by air contaminants

25
Q

Atrium

A

An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body or lungs and pumps it to a ventricle

26
Q

Ventricle

A

Chamber of the heart that pumps blood from the heart to the lungs or systemic circulation

27
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force of the blood as it travels through the arteries; partially determined by artery diameter and elasticity

28
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

Malfunction of the cardiovascular system, including, but not limited to, heart attack, stroke, and hypertension

29
Q

Stroke

A

Acute condition caused by a blood clot that blocks blood flow to an organ or other region of the body

30
Q

Heart attack

A

An acute condition, during which blood flow is blocked to a portion of the heart muscle, causing part of the muscle to be damaged or die

31
Q

Vector

A

any organism (vertebrate or invertebrate) that functions as a carrier of an infectious agent between organisms of a different species

31
Q

Specific Defenses

A

Defense against pathogens that utilizes white blood cells of the immune system

32
Q

Non-Specific Defenses

A

Defense system against infection that does not distinguish one pathogen from another. Includes the skin, secretions, and mucous membranes

33
Q

Antigens

A

a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies

34
Q

Antibodies

A

Protein made by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances or antigens

35
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cells that make up part of the immune system

35
Q

Protein Hormones

A

cannot cross cell membranes

they bind to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and that receptor stimulates a series of other proteins to help relay the message to the inside of the cell, eliciting a specific cellular response

35
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

fat-soluble hormones that can cross cell membranes and bind to receptors inside the target cell, causing cells to turn specific genes on or off

36
Q

Target Cell

A

A cell that responds to regulatory signals such as hormones

General Biology (6 decks)

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