Exam 4 Visceral Nervous System Flashcards
Where are the cell bodies located for visceral afferent nerves
Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion
The central processes (axons) enter cord through whaat
The posterior root or specific cranial nerve
What do peripheral processes (dendrites) carry
Impulses from viscera to cell bodies of autonomic ganglia, plexus, somatic nerves without synapse
Sympathetic afferents travel through what to spinal ganglia
Through the sympathetic trunk by passing through white ramus communicans (for spinal ganglia)
What travels in sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves
Parasympathetic afferents
Visceral afferents are associated with receptors that are sensitive to what
Pressure, chemical concentrations, and muscle stretching
Pregang parasymp fibers are what kind
Cholinergic
What are the pregang parasymp fibers
CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and spinal nerves 2, 3, 4
Where do postgang parasymp fibers extend to
Effector organs
Post gang parasymp fibers extend to effector organs to do what 4 things
Decrease CO, constrict bronchial tree, constrict pupils, stimulate peristalsis
What parasymp fibers will supply structures in the head
CN 3, 7, 9
What parasympathetic will supply cardiac, respiratory, digestive structrues in neck, thorax, abdomen
CN X - vagus
What parasympathetics supply the distal parts of the digestive system and urogential system
S 2,3,4
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located at for the oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nucleus within the midbrain periaquaductal gray
Where does the oculomotor nerve synapse when going into the orbit
The ciliary ganglion then to the eye
Where are postgang axons for the oculomotor nerve carried in
Ciliary nerves that enter eyeball
What muscles do postgang axons of the oculomotor nerve supply after being carried to the eye
The ciliary muscle and the sphincter pupillae
Pregang cell bodies of the facial nerve are located where
In the superior salivary nucleus
Where does the facial nerve exit the CNS
In the intermediate nerve carried in two branches, greater petrosal and chorda tympani
Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve
At the geniculate ganglion carrying pregang parasymp fibers
After reentering in the temporal bone through the foramen lacerum where does the greater petrosal nerve go
Travels in pterygoid canal to synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
Postgang fibers of the greater petrosal nerve are distributed in the lacrimal to where
The lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands
Where does the chorda tympani carrying pregang parasymp fibers leave the temporal bone
The pterygotympanic fissure
After leaving the temporal bone what does the chorda tympani combine with
The lingual nerve (mandibular division trigeminal)
The pregang fibers of the chorda tympani leave the lingual to reach where
The submandibular ganglion
Postgang fibers of the chorda tympani travel to where
The submandibular and sublingual glands (also recieve parasymp info from submandibular gland)
Where are pregang cell bodies located for the glossopharyngeal nerve
The inferior salivary nucleus
The pregang parasymp fibers of the glossopharyngeal pass through the tympanic plexus and reform as the what
Lesser petrosal nerve
Postgang parasymp fibers from the glossopharyngeal go from otic ganglion and carried to where
Parotid and posterior lingual glands
How do postgang parasymp fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve reach the parotid gland
Via the auriculotemporal nerve
Other visceral afferents are carried in what branch of the glossopharyngeal from baroreceptors
The carotid branch
The carotid branch of glossopharyngeal carries visceral afferents from what baroreceptors/chemoreceptors
The carotid sinus and chemoreceptors of carotid body
Where are pregang cells of the vagus nerve located
In posterior nucleus of vagus
Postgang cells of the vagus are located in the organs or blood vessels of what organs
Myocardium, submucosal plexus, and myenteric plexus
Pregang fibers of the vagus for the heart are carried in what
Superior/inferior cardiac nerves
Parasympathetic impulses from the vagus will do what
Inhibit the myocardium and constrict the coronary arteries
Parasympatheic impulses to the lungs do what
Result in constriction of bronchial tree and increase secretions
Where are pregang fibers of the vagus carried to the lungs
In anterior and posterior bronchial branches
Postgang fibers of the vagus reach where in the lungs
Bronchial musculature and bronchial glands
Pregang fibers of the vagus are carried where on the path to the esophagus
Recurrent laryngeal nerves and anterior/posterior esophageal branches
Postgang fibers of the vagus supply what
Smooth muscle of esophagus (skeletal =recurrent laryngeal)
Prgang fibers of the vagus reach the stomach via branches from where
Anterior (about 4) and posterior (about 6) vagal trunks (branches)
Postgang axons of the vagus reach where in the stomach
Smooth muscle fibers through plexuses
Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve in the stomach results in what
Contraction of smooth ms. And secretion of gastric juices
Pregang fibers of the vagus travel to the SI, cecum, appendix, ascending and transverse colon how
Posterior vagal trunk
How do pregang fibers of the vagus reach the duodenum
Through the celiac plexus
The remaining fibers of pregang vagus nerve reach the destination through the celiac plexus and where
Superior messenteric plexus
Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve results in what within the intestines
Contraction of smooth ms. And secretomotor for intestinal glands
Why are visceral afferents to the vermiform appendix important within the vagus nerve
Nociceptors are located here to indicate pain sensation
Pregang fibers of the vagus reach the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree primarily how
Hepatic branch of right vagal trunk
Parsympathetic stimulation of the vagus to the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree has what impact
Increases smooth muscle activity in gall bladder/biliary tree. Secretomotor for the pancreatic glands
Pregang fibers of the vagus reach the spleen how
From the posterior vagal trunk through splenic plexus (celiac plexus)
The motor supply to the kidneys is strictly _____
Sympathetic
Fibers reaching the kidney via parasympathetic pathways are what
Likely visceral afferents (nociceptors) to detect pain from kidney stones
Where are the cell bodies located for the parasymp pathways to the kidneys that are visceral affferents
Sup. Inf. Ganglion
Pregang fibers from vagus to liver are from where
Anterior vagal trunk some posterior
Like kidneys, parasymp supply to liver is primarily what
Visceral afferent
Fibers from vagus to suprarenal glands go through what
Posterior vagal trunk
What are the 4 organs that are primarily visceral afferent when it comes to parasympthatic supply
Kidney, liver, appendix, suprarenal glands
Sacral parasymp pathways arise in lateral horns of what
S2-4 cord levels
What are sacral parasymp fibers carried in
Inferior in cauda equina
After exiting sacral foramina sacral parasymp fibers are carried in what
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parsymp)
Pelvic planchnic nerves travel to where and get distributed to pelvic organs
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Pregang parasymp fibers of sacral pathways travel through where
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Pregang fibers of parsymp sacral nerves go to colon through inferior hypogastric plexus to reach what
Superior hypogastric, inferior mesenteric plexus through hypogastic nerve
Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp travel to bladder through
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Parasymp stimulation of sacral nerves to bladder will do what
Initiate emptying of the bladder
What neurons inhibited as the bladder empties
Somatic supply to external urethral sphincter
Pregang fibers reach the prostatic plexus via what
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Postgang fibers reach what of the porstatic urethra and seminal vesicle
The smooth ms.
Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp travel to where to uterus
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Parasymp stimulation of sacral nerves to uterus has what affect
Inhibits muscles of uterus (myometrium)
What factors may play larger role in parasymp stimulation of uterus
Hormonal factors especially during pregnancy such as oxytocin
Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp go to vagina through waht
Vaginal plexus to reach inferior hypogastric plexus
Parasymp stimulation of sacral nerves to vagina results in what
Vasodilation and increased secretory activity at the target
Fibers reaching the inferior part of vagina may use what to reach the target
Pudendal nerve
Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp travel to where via the inferior hypogastric plexus
Cavernous plexus
Parasymp activity of sacral nerves to penis/clitoris result in what
Vasodilation and filling of sinuses of erectile tissue
Cell bodies of sympathetics are located where
Lateral horn of cord levels T2-L2/3
Where do sympathetic fibers exit the cord
Through anterior rootlets follow anterior primary ramus
Sympathetic fibers exit the anterior primary ramus to enter the sympathetic trunk via what
White ramus communicans
Some pregang symp fibers pass through symp trunk to be carried in. What
Splanchnic nerves to synapse in prevertebral plexus associated with abdominao pelvic viscera
Pregang symp fibers release what
ACh
The sympathetic trunk extends from superior cervical ganglion inferior to what
Ganglion impar
How many ganglia are in each symp trunk
21/22 - 3 cerv, 11 T, 4L, and 4 sacral
Where is the symp trunk located in cervical area and upper thoracic
Posterior to carotid sheath in cervical and anterior to necks of ribs in upper thoracic area
Where does the cervical symp trunk lie
Between carotid sheath and longus colli/captiis muscle
Are there white rami communicatns in the cervical symp trunk
Nope - gra ramus communicans to each nerve
Inferior cervical ganglion may fuse with first thoracic ganglion to form what
Stellate ganglion
What is the largest cervical sympathetic ganglia
Superior cervical ganglia
What is the superior cervical ganglia formed by
Union of upper four cervical ganglia
Where is the superior cervical ganglia located
Level of C2 and C3 between carotid sheath and longus capitis
Lateral branches of the postgang fibers from superior cervical gannglia communicate with what
They are gray rami communicans and communicate with anterior primary rami of C1-C4 also CN 9,10,12
Medial branches of the superior cervical ganglion go to where
Larynx, pharynx, heart (efferent info)
Anterior branches of the superior cervica ganglion innervate what
Follow common/external carotid arteries and innervate bv suplying structures inside/outside skulll
What is the smallet cervical sypathetic ganglion
Middl cervical ganglion
Where is the middle cervical ganglia located
Level of
C6
What does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with
C5 and C6 anterior primary rami via gray rami communicans
What branches of the middle cervical ganglion reach the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Thyroid banches (primarily vasomotor)
What do cardiac branches of the middle cervical ganglion make up
Middle cardiac nerves contributing to deep part of cardiac plexus
What does the inferior cervical ganglion form with
Fuses with first thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion 80% of the times
What level is the inferior cervical ganglion at
C7 TVP and neck of first rib
What does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with
Ant primary rami of C7/C8 - also T1 if forming stellate ganglion via the gray rami communicans
Cardiac branches of the inferior cervical ganglion travel to where
To heart as inferior cardiac nerves
Branches from inferior cervical ganglion sent to subclavian artery form what
Plexuses around its branches, axillary artery and vertebral artery
All 12 thoracic nerve has what
Gray ramus and whit ramus communicans
In the superior thorax ganglia of thoracic symp trunk are located where, where are lower thorax ganglia located
Superior = Anterior to rib heads, lower = lateral aspects of vertebral bodies
Branches from where travel medially and supply structures in throacic cavity?
Upper 5 thoracic ganglia
Branches of upper 5 thoracic ganglia carry what
Postgang fibers and visceral afferents
What arre associated with lower 7 segments of thoracic symp trunk
3 splanchnic nerves
3 splanchnic nerves off thoracic symp trunk carry what in abdominal/pelvic cavities
Pregang fibers, also visceral afferent info
What nerve is formed form 5-9 thoracic ganglia and where does it terminat
The greater splanchnic nerve terminating in celiac region
What nerve is formed form 9/10 or 10/11 thoracic ganglia and where does it terminat
Lesser splanchnic nerve ending in aorticorenal ganglion
What nerve is formed form 12th thoracic ganglia and where does it terminat
Least splanchnic nerve terminating in renal plexus
The lumbar symp trunk/ganlgia are located where
In retroperitoneal space on lateral aspect of lumbar vb
What lumbar nerves have white ramus communicans that carry pregang axons to sympathetic trunk
First 2 and sometimes the third lumbar nerves
What carries pregang axons to plexus surrounding abdominal aorta
2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves
Where are sacral symp trunk/ganglia located
On anterior aspect of sacrum, medial to ant. Sacral formaina
2 sympathetic trunnks of sacral symp trunk/ganglia travel medial as descending to meet and form what
Ganglion impar
Where is the ganlion impar located
Anterior surface of the coccyx
What fibers of the pregang axons to symp trunk will ascend, what will desceends
T1-t5 ascend and T5-L2 will descend
What pregang axons to symp trunk will be relaye to head/neck
T1 and T2 ascend and synaps in superior cervical ganglion
Pregang axons to symp trunk that inflence the hear arise from where
T1-T4 levels - most ascend to 1 of 3 cervical ganglia, some go directly to heart
Pregang axons to symp trunk that influence the lungs leave and synapse where
Cord at T2-T4 nerves synapsin in 2,3,4 thoracic ganglia
Pregang axons to symp trunk carrying info for upper extremities are carried and synapse where
T3-T7 ascending to middle cervical and inferior cervical (stellate ganglion) to synapse
Pregang axons to symp trunk that influence abdominal viscera arise and synapse where
T5-T12 levels may synapse in lower thoracic ganglia or pass through symp trunk to be carried in greater, lesser, least splanchnic
Pregang axons to symp trunk that influence pelvic viscera arise from and synapse where
T10-L2 descending to lower thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic areas
Pregang fibers to symp trunk carryingg info to lower extremities are from where and synapse where
T10-L2 that descend in symp trunk synapsing with second lumbar through fourth sacral ganlia
Fibers are carried from the sympathetic trunk in what 3 ways
Nerves, blood vessels, and direct branches
Almost all nerves carry postgang sympathetic fibers within distribution the fibers will be what
Vasoconstrictor, sudomotor, motor to arrector pili
Direct branches to the viscera likely (flight or fight)
Constrict blood vessels, dilate bronchial tree, stimulate glandular secretion, dilate pupils, inhibit digestive activity
What branch from the cervical sympathetic trunk forms the internal carotid plexus
Lateral internal carotid nerve
What combines with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the tympanic plexus
Corticotympanic nerve
The tympanic plexus supplies what
Glands and bold vessels of the middle ear
What branch of the cervical symp trunk that accompanies blood vessels forms the cavernous plexus
Medial internal carotid nerve
Where is the cavernous plexus located
Within the cavernous sinus alongside the sella turcica
What branch from the cervical sympathetic trunk of the superior cervical ganglion forms pharyngeal plexus
Laryngeopharyngeal branches, plexus supplies blood vessels and glands
Where do cardiac branches from the cervical trunk come from
Each of the cervical ganglia accompany branches of vagus through cardiac plexus to sinoatrial node
Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac branches will have what result
Increase heart rate and dilate coronary arteries
Branches from thoracic sympathetic trunk with a gray ramus communicans supply what
Arrector pili, sweat glands, blood vessels in field of distribution
Ganglia 1-5 from thoracic sympathetic trunk send postgang fibers to where
Thoracic aorta
Cardiac branches from thoracic symp trunk extend to heart from where
T2-T4 ganglia passing through cardiac plexus
Cardiac branches from thoracic symp trunk serve what purose
Increase HR, dilate coronary arteries, and affferents as well
Pulmonary branches from thoracic symp trunk are from what ganglia and supply what
T2-T4 supplying pleura, smooth ms. And bvessels of lungs, bronchial glands (bronchial dilation and asthmatics)
Greater splanchnic nerve of thoracic symp trunk are from where
T5-T9 or T10 ganglia
Lesser spanchnic nerves fibers of thoracic symp fibers are from where
T9 or T10-T11 ganglia to abdominal structures
Least splanchnic nerves of thoracic symp trunk contatin waht
Postgang fibers from lower thoracic ganglia to kidneys/renal plexus
Gray rami with branches from lumbar symp trunk supply what
Arrector pili, sweat glands, bwessels in distribution of lumbar nerves (ant/post primary rami)
Vascular branches given off lumbar sympathetic trunk follow what
Lumbar arteries back to abdominal aorta, follow abdominal aorta
Vascular branches from lumbar symp trunk that follow the abdominal aorta go where
Medial sacral artery and common illiac arteries
Lumbar splanchnic neves from lumbar symp trunk supply pelvic vsicera via what
Superior/inferior hypogastric, and inferior mesenteric plexuses
Vascular branches from sacral symp trunk follow what
Median sacral artery
What part of sacral symp trunk supply pelvic viscera via inferior mesenteric plexus
Sacral splanchnic nerves
Fibers of sacral symp trunk supplying ureters and rectum pass directly where
Pass to sacral splanchnic and inferior mesenteric plexus
The autonomic plexuses are primarily concerned with supply of what
Visceral supply structures in thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities
What is the main contritbution of esophageal plexus in thoracic plexus
Vagus and recurrent laryngeal synapsing on ppostgang cells of esophagus
Sympathetic contribution of esophageal plexus is from where
Greater splancnic nerves from T5-T9/10 ganglia
Thoracic aorta vascular supply is from what ganglia
T1-T5
What are the primary component of the pulmonary plexus
Parasympathetics
Parsymp stimulation of pulmonary plexus results in what
Constrict bronchioles and increase secretions of bronchial glands
Sympathetic fibers in pulmonary plexus are from where
T2-T4 ganglia supplying pleura, bronchial glands, musculature
What does the cardiac plexus supply
Myocardium, great vessels at hear base, coronary arteries
What is the parasymp influence on the cardiac plexus from the sup/inf cardiac nerves
Decreased heart rate and constriction of coronary arteries
Symp fibers of cardiac plexus arrive from where
Superior, middle, inferior cardiac nerves from T2-T4 symp. Ganlgia
What is the result of symp influence on the cardiac plexus
Increase HR and dilation of coronary vessels
What is the largest prevertebral plexus
Celiac plexus
Where does the celiac plexus begin
L1 vertebra
What part of the celiac plexus forms a network around the abdominal aorta
Dense gangliated plexus
Where does the dense gangliated plexus go to after forming a network around the abdominal aorta
Common iliac and median sacral arteries
What are the 3 pairs of well defined ganglia within the celiac plexus
Celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, aorticorenal ganglia
Where is the superior hypogastric plexus
Between L4-S1 vertebral levels (abdominal aortic and inferior mesenteric plexus)
Inferior hypogasttric plexus includes the celiac plexus below the what
Internal iliac artery
What is the second largest prevertebral plexus
Inferior hypogastric plexus
What plexus is associated with the secondary plexuses vesicle, prostatic, rectal, cavernous
Inferior hypogastric plexus
What are senstitive to stretching within the walls of the bladder or rectum and initiate a stretch reflex
Visceral afferents
What travels out pelvic splanchnic nerves to detrusor muscle and or rectal musculature
Efferent response (parasympathetic)
