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GM PNS > Exam 4 Visceral Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 4 Visceral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cell bodies located for visceral afferent nerves

A

Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion

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2
Q

The central processes (axons) enter cord through whaat

A

The posterior root or specific cranial nerve

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3
Q

What do peripheral processes (dendrites) carry

A

Impulses from viscera to cell bodies of autonomic ganglia, plexus, somatic nerves without synapse

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4
Q

Sympathetic afferents travel through what to spinal ganglia

A

Through the sympathetic trunk by passing through white ramus communicans (for spinal ganglia)

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5
Q

What travels in sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves

A

Parasympathetic afferents

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6
Q

Visceral afferents are associated with receptors that are sensitive to what

A

Pressure, chemical concentrations, and muscle stretching

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7
Q

Pregang parasymp fibers are what kind

A

Cholinergic

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8
Q

What are the pregang parasymp fibers

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and spinal nerves 2, 3, 4

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9
Q

Where do postgang parasymp fibers extend to

A

Effector organs

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10
Q

Post gang parasymp fibers extend to effector organs to do what 4 things

A

Decrease CO, constrict bronchial tree, constrict pupils, stimulate peristalsis

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11
Q

What parasymp fibers will supply structures in the head

A

CN 3, 7, 9

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12
Q

What parasympathetic will supply cardiac, respiratory, digestive structrues in neck, thorax, abdomen

A

CN X - vagus

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13
Q

What parasympathetics supply the distal parts of the digestive system and urogential system

A

S 2,3,4

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14
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies located at for the oculomotor nerve

A

The oculomotor nucleus within the midbrain periaquaductal gray

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15
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve synapse when going into the orbit

A

The ciliary ganglion then to the eye

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16
Q

Where are postgang axons for the oculomotor nerve carried in

A

Ciliary nerves that enter eyeball

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17
Q

What muscles do postgang axons of the oculomotor nerve supply after being carried to the eye

A

The ciliary muscle and the sphincter pupillae

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18
Q

Pregang cell bodies of the facial nerve are located where

A

In the superior salivary nucleus

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19
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the CNS

A

In the intermediate nerve carried in two branches, greater petrosal and chorda tympani

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20
Q

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve

A

At the geniculate ganglion carrying pregang parasymp fibers

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21
Q

After reentering in the temporal bone through the foramen lacerum where does the greater petrosal nerve go

A

Travels in pterygoid canal to synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion

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22
Q

Postgang fibers of the greater petrosal nerve are distributed in the lacrimal to where

A

The lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands

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23
Q

Where does the chorda tympani carrying pregang parasymp fibers leave the temporal bone

A

The pterygotympanic fissure

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24
Q

After leaving the temporal bone what does the chorda tympani combine with

A

The lingual nerve (mandibular division trigeminal)

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25
Q

The pregang fibers of the chorda tympani leave the lingual to reach where

A

The submandibular ganglion

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26
Q

Postgang fibers of the chorda tympani travel to where

A

The submandibular and sublingual glands (also recieve parasymp info from submandibular gland)

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27
Q

Where are pregang cell bodies located for the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

The inferior salivary nucleus

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28
Q

The pregang parasymp fibers of the glossopharyngeal pass through the tympanic plexus and reform as the what

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

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29
Q

Postgang parasymp fibers from the glossopharyngeal go from otic ganglion and carried to where

A

Parotid and posterior lingual glands

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30
Q

How do postgang parasymp fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve reach the parotid gland

A

Via the auriculotemporal nerve

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31
Q

Other visceral afferents are carried in what branch of the glossopharyngeal from baroreceptors

A

The carotid branch

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32
Q

The carotid branch of glossopharyngeal carries visceral afferents from what baroreceptors/chemoreceptors

A

The carotid sinus and chemoreceptors of carotid body

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33
Q

Where are pregang cells of the vagus nerve located

A

In posterior nucleus of vagus

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34
Q

Postgang cells of the vagus are located in the organs or blood vessels of what organs

A

Myocardium, submucosal plexus, and myenteric plexus

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35
Q

Pregang fibers of the vagus for the heart are carried in what

A

Superior/inferior cardiac nerves

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36
Q

Parasympathetic impulses from the vagus will do what

A

Inhibit the myocardium and constrict the coronary arteries

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37
Q

Parasympatheic impulses to the lungs do what

A

Result in constriction of bronchial tree and increase secretions

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38
Q

Where are pregang fibers of the vagus carried to the lungs

A

In anterior and posterior bronchial branches

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39
Q

Postgang fibers of the vagus reach where in the lungs

A

Bronchial musculature and bronchial glands

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40
Q

Pregang fibers of the vagus are carried where on the path to the esophagus

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves and anterior/posterior esophageal branches

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41
Q

Postgang fibers of the vagus supply what

A

Smooth muscle of esophagus (skeletal =recurrent laryngeal)

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42
Q

Prgang fibers of the vagus reach the stomach via branches from where

A

Anterior (about 4) and posterior (about 6) vagal trunks (branches)

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43
Q

Postgang axons of the vagus reach where in the stomach

A

Smooth muscle fibers through plexuses

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44
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve in the stomach results in what

A

Contraction of smooth ms. And secretion of gastric juices

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45
Q

Pregang fibers of the vagus travel to the SI, cecum, appendix, ascending and transverse colon how

A

Posterior vagal trunk

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46
Q

How do pregang fibers of the vagus reach the duodenum

A

Through the celiac plexus

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47
Q

The remaining fibers of pregang vagus nerve reach the destination through the celiac plexus and where

A

Superior messenteric plexus

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48
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve results in what within the intestines

A

Contraction of smooth ms. And secretomotor for intestinal glands

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49
Q

Why are visceral afferents to the vermiform appendix important within the vagus nerve

A

Nociceptors are located here to indicate pain sensation

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50
Q

Pregang fibers of the vagus reach the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree primarily how

A

Hepatic branch of right vagal trunk

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51
Q

Parsympathetic stimulation of the vagus to the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree has what impact

A

Increases smooth muscle activity in gall bladder/biliary tree. Secretomotor for the pancreatic glands

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52
Q

Pregang fibers of the vagus reach the spleen how

A

From the posterior vagal trunk through splenic plexus (celiac plexus)

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53
Q

The motor supply to the kidneys is strictly _____

A

Sympathetic

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54
Q

Fibers reaching the kidney via parasympathetic pathways are what

A

Likely visceral afferents (nociceptors) to detect pain from kidney stones

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55
Q

Where are the cell bodies located for the parasymp pathways to the kidneys that are visceral affferents

A

Sup. Inf. Ganglion

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56
Q

Pregang fibers from vagus to liver are from where

A

Anterior vagal trunk some posterior

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57
Q

Like kidneys, parasymp supply to liver is primarily what

A

Visceral afferent

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58
Q

Fibers from vagus to suprarenal glands go through what

A

Posterior vagal trunk

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59
Q

What are the 4 organs that are primarily visceral afferent when it comes to parasympthatic supply

A

Kidney, liver, appendix, suprarenal glands

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60
Q

Sacral parasymp pathways arise in lateral horns of what

A

S2-4 cord levels

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61
Q

What are sacral parasymp fibers carried in

A

Inferior in cauda equina

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62
Q

After exiting sacral foramina sacral parasymp fibers are carried in what

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parsymp)

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63
Q

Pelvic planchnic nerves travel to where and get distributed to pelvic organs

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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64
Q

Pregang parasymp fibers of sacral pathways travel through where

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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65
Q

Pregang fibers of parsymp sacral nerves go to colon through inferior hypogastric plexus to reach what

A

Superior hypogastric, inferior mesenteric plexus through hypogastic nerve

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66
Q

Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp travel to bladder through

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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67
Q

Parasymp stimulation of sacral nerves to bladder will do what

A

Initiate emptying of the bladder

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68
Q

What neurons inhibited as the bladder empties

A

Somatic supply to external urethral sphincter

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69
Q

Pregang fibers reach the prostatic plexus via what

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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70
Q

Postgang fibers reach what of the porstatic urethra and seminal vesicle

A

The smooth ms.

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71
Q

Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp travel to where to uterus

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

72
Q

Parasymp stimulation of sacral nerves to uterus has what affect

A

Inhibits muscles of uterus (myometrium)

73
Q

What factors may play larger role in parasymp stimulation of uterus

A

Hormonal factors especially during pregnancy such as oxytocin

74
Q

Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp go to vagina through waht

A

Vaginal plexus to reach inferior hypogastric plexus

75
Q

Parasymp stimulation of sacral nerves to vagina results in what

A

Vasodilation and increased secretory activity at the target

76
Q

Fibers reaching the inferior part of vagina may use what to reach the target

A

Pudendal nerve

77
Q

Pregang fibers of sacral parasymp travel to where via the inferior hypogastric plexus

A

Cavernous plexus

78
Q

Parasymp activity of sacral nerves to penis/clitoris result in what

A

Vasodilation and filling of sinuses of erectile tissue

79
Q

Cell bodies of sympathetics are located where

A

Lateral horn of cord levels T2-L2/3

80
Q

Where do sympathetic fibers exit the cord

A

Through anterior rootlets follow anterior primary ramus

81
Q

Sympathetic fibers exit the anterior primary ramus to enter the sympathetic trunk via what

A

White ramus communicans

82
Q

Some pregang symp fibers pass through symp trunk to be carried in. What

A

Splanchnic nerves to synapse in prevertebral plexus associated with abdominao pelvic viscera

83
Q

Pregang symp fibers release what

A

ACh

84
Q

The sympathetic trunk extends from superior cervical ganglion inferior to what

A

Ganglion impar

85
Q

How many ganglia are in each symp trunk

A

21/22 - 3 cerv, 11 T, 4L, and 4 sacral

86
Q

Where is the symp trunk located in cervical area and upper thoracic

A

Posterior to carotid sheath in cervical and anterior to necks of ribs in upper thoracic area

87
Q

Where does the cervical symp trunk lie

A

Between carotid sheath and longus colli/captiis muscle

88
Q

Are there white rami communicatns in the cervical symp trunk

A

Nope - gra ramus communicans to each nerve

89
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion may fuse with first thoracic ganglion to form what

A

Stellate ganglion

90
Q

What is the largest cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

Superior cervical ganglia

91
Q

What is the superior cervical ganglia formed by

A

Union of upper four cervical ganglia

92
Q

Where is the superior cervical ganglia located

A

Level of C2 and C3 between carotid sheath and longus capitis

93
Q

Lateral branches of the postgang fibers from superior cervical gannglia communicate with what

A

They are gray rami communicans and communicate with anterior primary rami of C1-C4 also CN 9,10,12

94
Q

Medial branches of the superior cervical ganglion go to where

A

Larynx, pharynx, heart (efferent info)

95
Q

Anterior branches of the superior cervica ganglion innervate what

A

Follow common/external carotid arteries and innervate bv suplying structures inside/outside skulll

96
Q

What is the smallet cervical sypathetic ganglion

A

Middl cervical ganglion

97
Q

Where is the middle cervical ganglia located

A

Level of

C6

98
Q

What does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with

A

C5 and C6 anterior primary rami via gray rami communicans

99
Q

What branches of the middle cervical ganglion reach the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

Thyroid banches (primarily vasomotor)

100
Q

What do cardiac branches of the middle cervical ganglion make up

A

Middle cardiac nerves contributing to deep part of cardiac plexus

101
Q

What does the inferior cervical ganglion form with

A

Fuses with first thoracic ganglion to form stellate ganglion 80% of the times

102
Q

What level is the inferior cervical ganglion at

A

C7 TVP and neck of first rib

103
Q

What does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with

A

Ant primary rami of C7/C8 - also T1 if forming stellate ganglion via the gray rami communicans

104
Q

Cardiac branches of the inferior cervical ganglion travel to where

A

To heart as inferior cardiac nerves

105
Q

Branches from inferior cervical ganglion sent to subclavian artery form what

A

Plexuses around its branches, axillary artery and vertebral artery

106
Q

All 12 thoracic nerve has what

A

Gray ramus and whit ramus communicans

107
Q

In the superior thorax ganglia of thoracic symp trunk are located where, where are lower thorax ganglia located

A

Superior = Anterior to rib heads, lower = lateral aspects of vertebral bodies

108
Q

Branches from where travel medially and supply structures in throacic cavity?

A

Upper 5 thoracic ganglia

109
Q

Branches of upper 5 thoracic ganglia carry what

A

Postgang fibers and visceral afferents

110
Q

What arre associated with lower 7 segments of thoracic symp trunk

A

3 splanchnic nerves

111
Q

3 splanchnic nerves off thoracic symp trunk carry what in abdominal/pelvic cavities

A

Pregang fibers, also visceral afferent info

112
Q

What nerve is formed form 5-9 thoracic ganglia and where does it terminat

A

The greater splanchnic nerve terminating in celiac region

113
Q

What nerve is formed form 9/10 or 10/11 thoracic ganglia and where does it terminat

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve ending in aorticorenal ganglion

114
Q

What nerve is formed form 12th thoracic ganglia and where does it terminat

A

Least splanchnic nerve terminating in renal plexus

115
Q

The lumbar symp trunk/ganlgia are located where

A

In retroperitoneal space on lateral aspect of lumbar vb

116
Q

What lumbar nerves have white ramus communicans that carry pregang axons to sympathetic trunk

A

First 2 and sometimes the third lumbar nerves

117
Q

What carries pregang axons to plexus surrounding abdominal aorta

A

2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves

118
Q

Where are sacral symp trunk/ganglia located

A

On anterior aspect of sacrum, medial to ant. Sacral formaina

119
Q

2 sympathetic trunnks of sacral symp trunk/ganglia travel medial as descending to meet and form what

A

Ganglion impar

120
Q

Where is the ganlion impar located

A

Anterior surface of the coccyx

121
Q

What fibers of the pregang axons to symp trunk will ascend, what will desceends

A

T1-t5 ascend and T5-L2 will descend

122
Q

What pregang axons to symp trunk will be relaye to head/neck

A

T1 and T2 ascend and synaps in superior cervical ganglion

123
Q

Pregang axons to symp trunk that inflence the hear arise from where

A

T1-T4 levels - most ascend to 1 of 3 cervical ganglia, some go directly to heart

124
Q

Pregang axons to symp trunk that influence the lungs leave and synapse where

A

Cord at T2-T4 nerves synapsin in 2,3,4 thoracic ganglia

125
Q

Pregang axons to symp trunk carrying info for upper extremities are carried and synapse where

A

T3-T7 ascending to middle cervical and inferior cervical (stellate ganglion) to synapse

126
Q

Pregang axons to symp trunk that influence abdominal viscera arise and synapse where

A

T5-T12 levels may synapse in lower thoracic ganglia or pass through symp trunk to be carried in greater, lesser, least splanchnic

127
Q

Pregang axons to symp trunk that influence pelvic viscera arise from and synapse where

A

T10-L2 descending to lower thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic areas

128
Q

Pregang fibers to symp trunk carryingg info to lower extremities are from where and synapse where

A

T10-L2 that descend in symp trunk synapsing with second lumbar through fourth sacral ganlia

129
Q

Fibers are carried from the sympathetic trunk in what 3 ways

A

Nerves, blood vessels, and direct branches

130
Q

Almost all nerves carry postgang sympathetic fibers within distribution the fibers will be what

A

Vasoconstrictor, sudomotor, motor to arrector pili

131
Q

Direct branches to the viscera likely (flight or fight)

A

Constrict blood vessels, dilate bronchial tree, stimulate glandular secretion, dilate pupils, inhibit digestive activity

132
Q

What branch from the cervical sympathetic trunk forms the internal carotid plexus

A

Lateral internal carotid nerve

133
Q

What combines with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the tympanic plexus

A

Corticotympanic nerve

134
Q

The tympanic plexus supplies what

A

Glands and bold vessels of the middle ear

135
Q

What branch of the cervical symp trunk that accompanies blood vessels forms the cavernous plexus

A

Medial internal carotid nerve

136
Q

Where is the cavernous plexus located

A

Within the cavernous sinus alongside the sella turcica

137
Q

What branch from the cervical sympathetic trunk of the superior cervical ganglion forms pharyngeal plexus

A

Laryngeopharyngeal branches, plexus supplies blood vessels and glands

138
Q

Where do cardiac branches from the cervical trunk come from

A

Each of the cervical ganglia accompany branches of vagus through cardiac plexus to sinoatrial node

139
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac branches will have what result

A

Increase heart rate and dilate coronary arteries

140
Q

Branches from thoracic sympathetic trunk with a gray ramus communicans supply what

A

Arrector pili, sweat glands, blood vessels in field of distribution

141
Q

Ganglia 1-5 from thoracic sympathetic trunk send postgang fibers to where

A

Thoracic aorta

142
Q

Cardiac branches from thoracic symp trunk extend to heart from where

A

T2-T4 ganglia passing through cardiac plexus

143
Q

Cardiac branches from thoracic symp trunk serve what purose

A

Increase HR, dilate coronary arteries, and affferents as well

144
Q

Pulmonary branches from thoracic symp trunk are from what ganglia and supply what

A

T2-T4 supplying pleura, smooth ms. And bvessels of lungs, bronchial glands (bronchial dilation and asthmatics)

145
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve of thoracic symp trunk are from where

A

T5-T9 or T10 ganglia

146
Q

Lesser spanchnic nerves fibers of thoracic symp fibers are from where

A

T9 or T10-T11 ganglia to abdominal structures

147
Q

Least splanchnic nerves of thoracic symp trunk contatin waht

A

Postgang fibers from lower thoracic ganglia to kidneys/renal plexus

148
Q

Gray rami with branches from lumbar symp trunk supply what

A

Arrector pili, sweat glands, bwessels in distribution of lumbar nerves (ant/post primary rami)

149
Q

Vascular branches given off lumbar sympathetic trunk follow what

A

Lumbar arteries back to abdominal aorta, follow abdominal aorta

150
Q

Vascular branches from lumbar symp trunk that follow the abdominal aorta go where

A

Medial sacral artery and common illiac arteries

151
Q

Lumbar splanchnic neves from lumbar symp trunk supply pelvic vsicera via what

A

Superior/inferior hypogastric, and inferior mesenteric plexuses

152
Q

Vascular branches from sacral symp trunk follow what

A

Median sacral artery

153
Q

What part of sacral symp trunk supply pelvic viscera via inferior mesenteric plexus

A

Sacral splanchnic nerves

154
Q

Fibers of sacral symp trunk supplying ureters and rectum pass directly where

A

Pass to sacral splanchnic and inferior mesenteric plexus

155
Q

The autonomic plexuses are primarily concerned with supply of what

A

Visceral supply structures in thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities

156
Q

What is the main contritbution of esophageal plexus in thoracic plexus

A

Vagus and recurrent laryngeal synapsing on ppostgang cells of esophagus

157
Q

Sympathetic contribution of esophageal plexus is from where

A

Greater splancnic nerves from T5-T9/10 ganglia

158
Q

Thoracic aorta vascular supply is from what ganglia

A

T1-T5

159
Q

What are the primary component of the pulmonary plexus

A

Parasympathetics

160
Q

Parsymp stimulation of pulmonary plexus results in what

A

Constrict bronchioles and increase secretions of bronchial glands

161
Q

Sympathetic fibers in pulmonary plexus are from where

A

T2-T4 ganglia supplying pleura, bronchial glands, musculature

162
Q

What does the cardiac plexus supply

A

Myocardium, great vessels at hear base, coronary arteries

163
Q

What is the parasymp influence on the cardiac plexus from the sup/inf cardiac nerves

A

Decreased heart rate and constriction of coronary arteries

164
Q

Symp fibers of cardiac plexus arrive from where

A

Superior, middle, inferior cardiac nerves from T2-T4 symp. Ganlgia

165
Q

What is the result of symp influence on the cardiac plexus

A

Increase HR and dilation of coronary vessels

166
Q

What is the largest prevertebral plexus

A

Celiac plexus

167
Q

Where does the celiac plexus begin

A

L1 vertebra

168
Q

What part of the celiac plexus forms a network around the abdominal aorta

A

Dense gangliated plexus

169
Q

Where does the dense gangliated plexus go to after forming a network around the abdominal aorta

A

Common iliac and median sacral arteries

170
Q

What are the 3 pairs of well defined ganglia within the celiac plexus

A

Celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, aorticorenal ganglia

171
Q

Where is the superior hypogastric plexus

A

Between L4-S1 vertebral levels (abdominal aortic and inferior mesenteric plexus)

172
Q

Inferior hypogasttric plexus includes the celiac plexus below the what

A

Internal iliac artery

173
Q

What is the second largest prevertebral plexus

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

174
Q

What plexus is associated with the secondary plexuses vesicle, prostatic, rectal, cavernous

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

175
Q

What are senstitive to stretching within the walls of the bladder or rectum and initiate a stretch reflex

A

Visceral afferents

176
Q

What travels out pelvic splanchnic nerves to detrusor muscle and or rectal musculature

A

Efferent response (parasympathetic)

GM PNS (12 decks)

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