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GM PNS > Exam 3 Brachioplexus > Flashcards

Exam 3 Brachioplexus Flashcards

1
Q

What does the brachial plexus supply

A

Upper extremities

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2
Q

What forms the brachial plexus

A

Formed by anterior primary rami of C5 through T1 (maybe also from C4 and/or T2)

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3
Q

Where does the brachial plexus travel

A

Laterally over rib 1 into the axilla

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4
Q

Traveling medial to lateral what are the categories of the brachial plexus

A

Roots combine into trunks, trunks divide into divisions, divisions combine to form cords, cords divide into terminal nerves

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5
Q

Each root receives what from the sympathetic trunk

A

Gray ramus communicans

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6
Q

Where do roots pass

A

Between anterior and middle scalene muscles into posterior triangle

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7
Q

What are the brachial plexus roots relation to the subclavian artery

A

Posterior and superior to it

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8
Q

What do trunks of the brachial plexus spit into

A

Anterior and posterior division

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9
Q

What forms the superior trunk of brachial plexus

A

Roots of C5 and C6

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10
Q

What forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Root of C7

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11
Q

What forms the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Roots of C8 and T1

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12
Q

Where do trunk pass through

A

Over rib 1 into the axilla

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13
Q

What do divisions of the brachial plexus split into

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

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14
Q

What do the anterior/poster divisions of the divisions of the brachial plexus supply

A

Anterior division supply anterior compartments of arm/forearm, posterior supplies posterior compartments of arm/forearm

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15
Q

How are cords named

A

In relation to the axillary artery

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16
Q

What forms the lateral cord

A

Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

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17
Q

What fibers does the lateral cord contain

A

Fibers from C5, C6, C7

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18
Q

Where does the lateral cord lie

A

Lateral to second part of axillary artery

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19
Q

What forms the medial cord and where does it lie

A

Anterior division of inferior trunk lying medial to second part of axillary artery

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20
Q

What fibers are contained in the medial cord

A

Fibers from C8 and T1

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21
Q

What forms the posterior cord and where does it lie

A

Formed by the union of the posterior division of all three trunks lying posterior to second part of axillary artery

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22
Q

What fibers are contained in the posterior cord

A

C5-T1

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23
Q

What nerve branches off of the C5 root and contains fibers from C5 only

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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24
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply

A

Levator scapula, rhomboid major/minor

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25
Q

What also supplies levator scapula besides the dorsal scapular nerve

A

Fibers from C3 and C4

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26
Q

What is the long thoracic nerve formed by

A

Roos of C5, C6, and C7

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27
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve supply

A

Serratus anterior muscle

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28
Q

What nerves branch off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Supra-scapular nerve and nerve to the subclavius

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29
Q

What fibers does the suprascapular nerve contain

A

Fibers fro C5 and C6

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30
Q

What muscles are supplied by the suprascapular nerve

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

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31
Q

What fibers does the nerve to the subclavius contain

A

C5 and C6

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32
Q

What does the nerve to the subclavius supply

A

The subclavius

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33
Q

What nerves branch off the lateral cord of brachial plexus

A

Lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve

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34
Q

What fibers are contained in the lateral pectoral nerve

A

C5, C6, and C7

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35
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve supply

A

Pectoralis major (also from medial pectoral nerve)

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36
Q

What is significant about the musculocutaneous nerve

A

One of two terminal branches of the lateral cord

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37
Q

What fibers are contained in the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

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38
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply

A

3/4 muscles of anterior arm: coracobrachialis belly, both long and short heads of biceps brachii, brachialis

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39
Q

What happens to the musculocutaneous nerve after continuing between biceps brachii and brachialis into forearm

A

Becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

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40
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply

A

Supplies skin over the lateral aspect of forearm, NOT hand

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41
Q

What is the other terminal branch of the lateral cord besides the musculocutaneous nerve

A

The median nerve

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42
Q

What are the branches off the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A

Medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, ulnar nerve, median nerve,

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43
Q

What fibers does the medial pectoral nerve contain and what muscles does it supply

A

C8 and T1; supplies pectoralis major and minor

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44
Q

What fibers does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm contain

A

Fibers from C8 and T1

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45
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm receive some fibers from T2 through a communication with what

A

The intercostobrachial nerve

46
Q

What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm supply

A

Ramifies in the axilla and supplies the skin of the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow

47
Q

What fibers does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm contain

A

C8 and T1

48
Q

What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply

A

Supplies skin over biceps brachii and over anterior and medial aspects of forearm proximal to the wrist

49
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm leave

A

Leaves the medial cord just distal to medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

50
Q

What is significant about the ulnar nerve

A

It is one of two terminal branches of the medial cord

51
Q

What fibers does the ulnar nerve contain

A

C8 and T1 sometimes C7

52
Q

How does the ulnar nerve travel

A

Medial to brachial artery in the medial bicipital sulcus

53
Q

Does the ulnar nerve give branches off in the arm

A

NO

54
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve palpable

A

Where it crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve this is the “funny bone”

55
Q

After crossing the elbow at the medial epicondyle where does the ulnar nerve go?

A

Continues into the forearm between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

56
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

57
Q

What sensory branches does the ulnar give off

A

Sensory of the forearm are the dorsal branch of ulnar nerve and the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve

58
Q

What does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supply

A

Skin on the ulnar side of posterior hand

59
Q

What does the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supply

A

Skin over the hypothenar eminence

60
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve travel deep

A

To flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist passing superficially to the flexor retinaculum dividing into two branches

61
Q

What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve do

A

Divides into 3 terminal branches that supply palmar aspect of the little finger and medial half of the ring finger

62
Q

What does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve do

A

In the hand it curves toward the thenar eminence

63
Q

What does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve supply

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei (dorsal and plamar) lumbricals 3 and 4

64
Q

What clinical considerations are associated with the ulnar nerve

A

Claw hand

65
Q

What fibers does the median nerve contain

A

Contributions from lateral and medial cords, containing fibers from C6-T1

66
Q

How does the median nerve travel

A

Through the arm in the bicipital sulcus crossing the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm after passing between the two heads of pronator teres

67
Q

Does the median nerve give any branches off in the arm

A

NO

68
Q

What 7 muscles are innervated by the median nerve

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radalis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus,flexor pollicis longus and lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus

69
Q

How is the pronator quadratus,flexor pollicis longus and lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus innervated

A

By way of anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm given off median nerve in elbow

70
Q

Where is the palmar branch of the median nerve given off and what does it supply

A

Given off at the distal third of the forearm supplying skin of thenar eminence, lateral wrist, and palm

71
Q

Where does the median nerve divide

A

Through the carpal tunnel dividing into three common palmar digital nerves

72
Q

What do the three common palmar digital nerves do?

A

Supply first two lumbrical muscles

73
Q

Branches off the first common palmar digital nerve supply what

A

Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head), opponens pollicis

74
Q

Each common palmar digital nerve splits into what

A

Two proper palmar digital nerves

75
Q

What do proper palmar digital nerves do

A

Sensory function only supplying sking over lateral three and a half digits anteriorly and lateral two and half digits posteriorly

76
Q

What does the median nerve supply also, not muscular

A

Periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal, midcarpal joints, usually comminicating with ulnar nerve at the wrist

77
Q

What are clinical considerations of median nerve

A

Hand of oath/benediction, carpal tunnel syndrome, unable to pronate

78
Q

What branches come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

Superior scapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, inferior subscapular nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve,

79
Q

What fibers are contained in superior scapular nerve and what does it supply

A

C5 and C6, supplies the subscapularis

80
Q

What fibers are a part of the thoracodorsal nerve

A

C6, C7, C8

81
Q

How does the thoracodorsl nerve travel

A

Travels along the posterior axillary wall to supply the latissimus dorsi

82
Q

What fibers are contained in the inferior subscapular nerve and what does it supply

A

Fibers from C5 and C6 supplying the subscapularis and teres major

83
Q

What fibers does the axillary nerve contain and what does it supply

A

C5 and C6 fibers supplying deltoid and teres minor

84
Q

How does the axillary nerve travel

A

Posteriorly around surgical neck of the humerus then anteriorward to anterior deltoid

85
Q

What sensory branch comes off the axillary nerve

A

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

86
Q

What does the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supply

A

The skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm

87
Q

What fibers are contained in the radial nerve

A

C5-C8 sometimes T1

88
Q

What does the radial nerve supply

A

All of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

89
Q

How does the radial nerve travel

A
  • from medial bicipital sulcus of humerus
  • enters forearm anterior to elbow traveling between brachialis and brachioradialis
  • splits into superficial and deep branches
90
Q

What branches off the radial nerve in the upper arm and what does it supply

A

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm supplying skin on the posterior side of upper arm

91
Q

What branches off the radial nerve in the middle arm

A

The inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

92
Q

Muscular branches given off the radial nerve in the arm supply what

A

All three heads of triceps brachii, anconeous (by branch to medial head of triceps brachii), brachialis (in combo with musculocutaneous)

93
Q

Where is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm given off of and what does it supply

A

In the upper arm supplying narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm

94
Q

Branches of the radial nerve given off at the lateral epicondyle supply what

A

Brachioradialisand extensor carpi radialis

95
Q

Where does the radial nerve pass into the forearm on the anterior side

A

Anterior side of elbow after traveling between brachialis and brachioradialis

96
Q

What does the radial nerve divide into at the level of the radial head

A

Superficial and deep branch

97
Q

How does the superficial branch of the radial nerve travel

A

Follows the brachioradialis to the distal third of forearm, from where it travels between the brachioradialis and the radius to the posterior surface of the hand and gives rise to dorsal digital nerves

98
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve supply sensory info to

A

Radial side of posterior hand, extensor side of the thumb, extensor side of the proximal phalanges of digits 2 and 3, lateral half of the extensor side of ring finger

99
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve give off

A

Communicating branch with the ulnar nerve

100
Q

What branch penetrates the supinator muscle and what does it give off

A

The deep branch of the radial nerve giving off a series of branches to supply posterior forearm muscles before terminating as the posterior interosseous nerve

101
Q

What does the posterior interosseous nerve supply (9 muscles)

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor policis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

102
Q

The radial nerve sends articular branches to where

A

The shoulder and wrist

103
Q

What are some clinical considerations of the radial nerve

A

Wrist drop (muscles affected, no nerve innervations), triceps and brachioradialis reflexes

104
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne’s

A

Brachial plexus injury of the supraclavicular nerve due to damage of roots of C5 and C6

105
Q

What nerves are impacted in erb duchenne’s

A

Supraclavicular n, musculocutaneous n, axillary n. (And others, but these are most significant

106
Q

What happens when someone has Erb-Duchenne’s and how does it happen

A

“Waiters tip” deformity, MC etiology = birth trauma

107
Q

What brachial plexus injury affects the infraclavicular nerve

A

Klumke’s Palsy

108
Q

What roots of brachial plexus is affected in klumpke’s

A

C8 and T1 (T1 is important due to pregang sympathetic fibers)

109
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy also known as

A

Dejerine klumpke’s

110
Q

What happens in klumpke’s palsy

A

Atrophy in muscles innervated by ulnar nerve, especially hypothenar, thenar, flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digi profundus

111
Q

What is horner’s syndrome

A

Involves ptosis and miosis due to involvment of T1

GM PNS (12 decks)

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