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GM PNS > Exam 2 Spinal Nerves/ Cervical Plexus > Flashcards

Exam 2 Spinal Nerves/ Cervical Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the numbers for each spinal group that make up the spinal nerve pairs

A
  • 8 cervical pairs
  • 12 thoracic pairs
  • 5 lumbar pairs
  • 5 sacral nerve pairs
  • 1 coccygeal nerve pair
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2
Q

What do the anterior (ventral or motor) roots carry

A

Efferent axons from cell bodies

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3
Q

Where are the cell bodies located from the efferent information carried by the anterior (ventral or motor) roots

A

In the anterior (ventral) or lateral (if present) horns

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4
Q

How is the anterior roots of the spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord

A

By a series of rootlets

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5
Q

What do the posterior roots of spinal nerves cary

A

Axons from cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion

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6
Q

What is another name for the dorsal (posterior) root ganglion

A

Just spinal ganglion

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7
Q

What is type of roots are carried in the posterior/dorsal roots of the spinal nerves

A

Sensory

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8
Q

Where do the posterior roots attach after being separated into a number of rootlets

A

Posterolateral sulcus

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9
Q

Where are spinal ganglia typically located

A

Either inside or just medial to the IVF beyond the dura mater innervated by the epineuranium

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10
Q

For the posterior roots of C1 and C2 where are their ganglia located

A

On their respective vertebral arches

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11
Q

Where are the sacral ganglia located for the posterior roots

A

Within the vertebral column outside the dura

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12
Q

Where are the coccygeal ganglia located for the posterior roots

A

Located inside the dura mater

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13
Q

After combining the spinal nerves become what type of spinal nerve

A

Mixed!

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14
Q

What branch is given off shortly after the spinal nerves combine to make it mixed

A

A meningeal branch is given off

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15
Q

What are two other names for the meningeal branch given off

A
  • recurrent meningeal

- sinuvertebral

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16
Q

What is present at all spinal nerves

A

The meningeal branch

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17
Q

Where does the meningeal branch re-enter the vertebral canal and what happens to it

A

The IVF and divides into ascending, descending, and transverse branches

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18
Q

What does the meningeal branch do

A

Provides somatosensory and sympathetic supply to the dura, blood vessels, periosteum, ligaments, and IVD’s in the anterior and lateral portions of the canal

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19
Q

The mixed spinal nerve divides into two primary rami what are they

A
  • posterior (dorsal) primary ramus

- anterior (ventral) primary ramus

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20
Q

The posterior (dorsal) primary ramus splits into what with what exception

A

Lateral and medial branches EXCEPT C1, so C2 and below

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21
Q

The posterior (dorsal) primary ramus is smaller or larger than the anterior ramus except where

A

Smaller EXCEPT C1, S4, and S5

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22
Q

The posterior (dorsal) primary ramus carries motor innervation to where

A

Deep back muscles

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23
Q

The posterior (dorsal) primary ramus carries sensory info from where

A

The skin paraspinally (either side of the spine)

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24
Q

Where does the anterior (ventral) primary ramus motor fibers innervate

A

Anterior and lateral trunk muscles as well as extremities

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25
Q

Where does the anterior (ventral) primary ramus carry sensory info to

A

Skin of extremities and anterior/lateral trunk

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26
Q

What does the anterior rami contribute to

A

The great plexuses

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27
Q

Where is the sympathetic chain communications located

A

Either at or just medial to bifurcation of the mixed spinal nerve

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28
Q

What does the white ramus communicans carry

A

Myelinated axons from cell bodies located in lateral horn cells at cord levels T1 - L2

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29
Q

Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the sympathetic chain enter

A

Via the white rami communicans

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30
Q

What do preganglionic sympathetic fibers entering the sympathetic chain do?

A
  • synapse in a sympathetic chain ganglion

- pass through via splanchnic nerves

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31
Q

What do gray ramus communicans carry

A

Unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons from cell bodies in sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve

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32
Q

Are preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the white ramus communicans myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Usually myelinated

33
Q

Gray communicans is associated with what in regards to spinal nerve levels

A

Associated with every spinal nerve = meaning every spinal nerve carries post gang symp fibers

34
Q

For cervical posterior rami C1 is named what?

A

Suboccipital nerve

35
Q

For cervical posterior rami what is C1 motor supply

A

To the suboccipital muscles

36
Q

What suboccipital muscles does C1 spinal nerve supply

A
  • rectus capitis posterior major and minor
  • obliquus capitis superior and inferior
  • semispinalis capitis
37
Q

For cervical posterior rami what is the name of C2 medial branch and what does it do

A

The greater occipital nerve, sensory innervation to posterior neck and scalp

38
Q

What is the theme associated with cervical posterior rami

A

Medial=sensory

Lateral = motor

39
Q

For cervical posterior rami what does the C2 lateral branch do

A

it is Motor supply to semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis muscles

40
Q

For cervical posterior rami what is the name of C3 medial branch and what does it do

A

Least occipital nerve; sensory supply from skin of posterior neck

41
Q

For cervical posterior rami what does the C3 lateral branch do

A

Motor supply to muscles same as C2 = semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis muscles

42
Q

For cervical posterior rami what does the C4-C8 medial branches do

A

Sensory from skin of posterior neck

43
Q

For cervical posterior rami what does the C4-C8 lateral branches do

A

Motor supply to iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, and captitis

44
Q

What forms the cervical plexus

A

Anterior (primary) rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves

45
Q

What do the nerve roots of the cervical plexus do?

A

Form a series of communicating loops

46
Q

In the cervical plexus what communicates with the loop formed by C1 and C2

A

The inferior vagal ganglion

47
Q

In the cervical plexus what carries proprioceptive info to communicated with loop formed by C2/C3 and C3/C4

A

The spinal accessory nerve

48
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve carry proprioceptive info from in the cervical plexus

A

The SCM to C2/C3 loop and the trapezius to C3/C4 loop

49
Q

The hypoglossal nerve communicates with C1 fibers that later separate to become what

A

The superior root of the ansa cervicalis

50
Q

What forms the superior root of the ansa cervicalis

A

The hypoglossal nerve communicates with C1 fibers that later separate from the hypoglossal nerve

51
Q

What do C1 spinal nerve fibers supply when it remains with the hypoglossal nerve

A

Thyrohyoid and geniohyoid

52
Q

What three gray rami communicans carry postgang symp fibers and to what loop

A

Vasomotor, sudomotor, pilomotor to loop between C1/C2 and roots of C3/C4 spinal nerves

53
Q

The lesser occipital nerve carries fibers from where

A

C2 and occasionally C3 spinal nerve to supply skin on superior 1/3 of auricle and skin behind the ear

54
Q

The lesser occipital nerve has communications with what

A

The greater occipital nerve and great auricular nerve

55
Q

What may be implicated by communications of lesser occipital nerve with the greater occiptal nerve and great auricular nerve

A

May be implicated in cases of cervicogenic headache

56
Q

The great auricular nerve carries fibers from where?

A

C2 and C3

57
Q

Where does the great auricular nerve divide into anterior and posterior branches

A

Once entering the parotid gland

58
Q

What does the anterior branch of the great auricular nerve combine with

A

The facial nerve to supply skin over parotid gland

59
Q

What does the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve do

A

Supplies sin over mastoid process

60
Q

The transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck carries fibers from where

A

C2/C3

61
Q

After the transverse cutaneous nerve divides into ascending and descending branches what does it supply

A

Skin over the platysma muscle

62
Q

The trunks of C3/C4 combine to form a trunk that gives rise to what

A

Medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerves

63
Q

What does the medial supraclavicular nerve supply

A

Skin inferior to sternal end of clavicle, as far inferior as the second rib

64
Q

The intermediate supraclavicular nerve supplies what

A

Skin over deltoid and pectoralis major, as far inferior as second rib

65
Q

Lateral supraclavicular nerve supplies what

A

Skin over superior and lateral aspects of the shoulder

66
Q

Deep branches of the cervical plexus are divided into what

A

Medial and lateral series

67
Q

Where does the lateral series of the cervical plexus pass

A

Into the posterior triangle consisting of communicating and muscular branches

68
Q

Spinal accessory nerve may recieve communicating branches of the lateral series from where

A

C2-C4

69
Q

What 4 muscles are associated with the muscular branches of the lateral series of the cervical plexus

A

SCM receives proprioception from C2/C3, trap receives proprioception fibers from C3/C4, levator scap is innervated by C3/C4 motor and sensory, middle scalene receives fibers from C3/C4

70
Q

Where does the medial series of the cervical plexus pass through

A

Through the anterior triangle

71
Q

Communicating branches of the medial series of the cervical plexus are between where

A

Vagus and loop between C1/C2

72
Q

What are the communicating branches of the medial series

A
  • vagus and loop of C1/C2
  • 3/4 gray rami communicans from superior cervical ganglion to upper 4 cervical nerves
  • fibers from C1 communicating with hypoglossal nerve, then separating from hypoglossal to form sup. Root of ansa cervicalis
73
Q

Muscular brances of the medial series are sent to

A
  • rectus capitis lateralis ; C1
  • rectus capitis anterior ; C1,C2
  • longus capitis; C1-3
  • longus colli; C2-C4
74
Q

What forms the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis

A

Medial series branches from C2/C3 combine

75
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis supply

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and both bellies of omohyoid

76
Q

What forms the phrenic nerve

A

Medial series fibers from C3, C4, C5 with C4 contributing the most

77
Q

The phrenic nerve descends through the neck to where

A

Anteriorly to the anterior scalene muscle

78
Q

The phrenic nerve receives postgang symp fibers from where

A

Cervical ganglia

79
Q

The phrenic nerve supplies what

A

The diaphragm

GM PNS (12 decks)

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