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H. O. E. > Exam 4 Terms > Flashcards

Exam 4 Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Abduction

A

away from body

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1
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

begins at inferior surface of diaphragm

-houses stomach, liver, spleen, colon

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Toward body

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3
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fats

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4
Q

Afferent nerves

A 
sensory nerves (afferent = carrying into something)
---carry impulses into brain and spinal cord
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5
Q

Ampiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joint

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6
Q

Amount f blood in human

A

8-12 pints

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7
Q

Anatomic posistion

A

Standing feet apart, arms and hands spread

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8
Q

Anatomy

A

Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Near the front

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10
Q

Aorta artery

A

main trunk of the systemic arteries, carrying blood from the left side of the heart to the arteries of all limbs and organs

Largest

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11
Q

Aortic valve

A

1 of 4 that regulate blood flow

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12
Q

Apnea

A

Suspension of xternal breathing

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13
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Arteries

A

Ood vessels

Carry blood away from heart

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15
Q

Arterioles

A

Smaller vessels, carry blood to capillaries

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16
Q

Axon

A

also known as a nerve fibre; is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away

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17
Q

Basophils

A

Type of white blood cell

Produces histamine and heparin

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18
Q

Biceps brachii

A

UpPer arm between shoulder nd elbow

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19
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Left atrioventricular valve in heart

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20
Q

Bradycardia

A

Pulse rate under 60/minute

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21
Q

Buccal cavity

A

Mouth cavity

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22
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessel that connects arterioles and venules and allows exchange of nutrients

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Heart muscle

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24
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

Valve between distal end of esophagus and stomach

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25
Q

Carotid artery

A

Supply blood to brain

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26
Q

Cataract

A

Cloudines of eyes

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27
Q

Cellular respiration

A

process by which the chemical energy of “food” molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP

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28
Q

Centrosome

A

Area of cell cytoplasm that contains two centrioles

Important for reproduction

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29
Q

Cerebellum

A

Section of brain that is dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata

Maintains balance

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30
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest section of brain

Sensory perception and voluntary movements

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31
Q

Cervix of uterus

A

Entrance

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32
Q

Chromatin

A

Contains chromosomes for genes

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33
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hair like projection

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34
Q

Ciliary body

A

the part of the eye that connects the iris to the choroid

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35
Q

Circulatory system

A

Cardiovascular

Heart, veins, blood, arteries

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36
Q

Circumdiction

A

Moving a joint in a circle

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37
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Scarring of the liver

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38
Q

Clotting proteins

A

Proteins in blood plasma

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39
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail shaped section of inner ear

Contains the Corti for hearing

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40
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Mucous membrane that lines eyelids and covers anterior part of sclera of the eye

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41
Q

Connective tissue

A

Connects, supports, and binds body organs

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42
Q

Contractility

A

Tightening and shortening of muscles

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43
Q

Contracture

A

Tightening and shortening of muscles

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44
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent section of sclera

Allows light rays to enter eye

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45
Q

Coronal plane

A

Frontal plane

Divides front and back

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46
Q

Coronary artery

A

Supply muscular tissue to the heart

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47
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Houses brain

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48
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder muscle

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49
Q

Dendrite

A

Branched projections of neurons

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50
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

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51
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Synovial joints

Free moving joints

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52
Q

Diastolic

A

Period of time where heart refills with blood

Moment of rest

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53
Q

Diencephalon

A

Section of brain between cerebrum and midbrain

Contains thalamus and hypothalamus

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54
Q

Digestive system

A

Stomach, intestines, mouth

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55
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the trunk

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56
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back

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57
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Posterior

Spinal cavity

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58
Q

Dura mater

A

Surrounds the spinal cord

Outermost of three meninges

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59
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored breathing

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60
Q

Efferent nerves

A 
motor nerves (efferent = carrying away from something)
---carry impulses away from and make movement
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61
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A

Duct or tube from seminal vesicle to urethra

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62
Q

Elasticity

A

Muscle returns to original shape

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63
Q

Embolus

A

Blood clot

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64
Q

Endocrine system

A

Secrete hormones

Ductless glands

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65
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Tubular structures in cytoplasm

Allow for transport of materials in and out of nucleus

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66
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane lining the medullary canal of a bone

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67
Q

Eosinophil

A

White blood cells

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68
Q

Epidydmis

A

Tightly coiled tube in scrotal sac

Connects testes to vas deferens

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69
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Forms skin and parts of secreting glands

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70
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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71
Q

Excitability

A

Muscle responds to stimulus

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72
Q

Extensibility

A

Muscle can be stretched

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73
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two parts

Straightening

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74
Q

External respirations

A

Exchange of o for co2

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75
Q

Blood pressure factos

A

Stress
Obesity
Genetics
Smoking

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76
Q

False ribs

A

Floating

11,12

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77
Q

Fontanels

A

Area between cranial bones where the bones have not yet fused

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78
Q

Frontal plane

A

Coronal

Front part of body

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79
Q

Bile function

A

Aids in digestion of lipids

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80
Q

Thrombocytes function

A

Required for clotting of blood

81
Q

Fundus of uterus

A

The fundus is the rounded portion of the uterus that is directed upward. It projects above the entrance of the uterine tubes, forming the roof of the uerine cavity

82
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calf muscle

83
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles

84
Q

Gluteus maximas

A

Ass muscle

85
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

In cytoplasm

Stores, produces, and packages secretions for dishcharge of cell

86
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony

Forms roof of mouth

87
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of body

88
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron containing protein in red blood cells

Carries oxygen

89
Q

Inferior

A

Below or under

90
Q

Insertion

A

End of area of a muscle that oves when muscle contracts

91
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin system

92
Q

Internal respirations

A

The metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic moelcules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs.Respiration that occurs within cells of an organism.

93
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Lungs, heart, digestion

94
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of eye

95
Q

Joints

A

Articulation

Where two bones meet

96
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

97
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Back muscle

98
Q

Left atrium

A

Receding chamber

Left and right

99
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumping chamber

Left and right

100
Q

Lens

A

Crystalline structure suspended behind pupil

Refracts and bends light onto retina

Magnifying glass

101
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cell

102
Q

Ligament

A

Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

103
Q

Lining of the uterus

A

Endometrium

104
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Removes waste and liquids

Lymph, spleen, thymus

105
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cell

Found in bone marrow

106
Q

Lysosome

A

In cytoplasm that contain enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, matters

107
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle

108
Q

Medulla onblongata

A

Lower part of brainstem

Controls vital processes like respiration and heart beat

109
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes the cover brain and spinal cord

110
Q

Medullary canal

A

Central cavity of bone shafts

Red and yellow marrow here

111
Q

Midbrain

A

Portion of brain that connects pons and cerebellum

Relay center for impulses

112
Q

Midsaggital plane

A

Left and right side of body

113
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power houses

Provide energy and metabolism

114
Q

Mitral valve

A

Flap or cusp between right atrium and left ventricle

115
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Fibers that produce movement

116
Q

Muscle tone

A

State or partial muscle contraction showing readiness

117
Q

Myelin

A

Insulating layer surrounding nerves

118
Q

Neurilemma

A

thin membrane spirally enwrapping the myelin layers of certain fibers, especially of the peripheral nerves, or the axons of some unmyelinated nerve fibers.

119
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

120
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant type of white blood cell

121
Q

Nucleolus

A

Inside nucleus of cell

Important for reproduction

122
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Allow for a sense of smell

123
Q

Orbital cavity

124
Q

Order of large instestine

A

Absorption of water
Storage of indigestibles
Transport waste products

125
Q

Organ of corti

A

sensitive element in the inner ear and can be thought of as the body’s microphone. It is situated on the basilar membrane in one of the three compartments of the Cochlea

126
Q

Organelle

A

Structures within the cytoplasm

127
Q

Origin

A

End of area of a muscle that remains stationary in movement

128
Q

Ovaries

A

Endocrine gland or gonad in female

Produces ovum

129
Q

Pancreas

A

Gland behind stomach

Secrets insulin

130
Q

Paraplegia

A

Lower half of body paralysis

131
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

The part of the autonomic nervous system originating in the brain stem and the lower part of the spinal cord that, in general, inhibits or opposes the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system, as in tending to stimulate digestive secretions, slow the heart, constrict the pupils, and dilate blood vessels.

132
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of how disease occurs

Responses of living organisms to that disease

133
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Chest muscle

134
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

hips bones, and all of which helps connect legs

-reproductive organs, colon, bladder

135
Q

Perineum

A

Region between vagina and anus in female

Scrotum and anus in male

136
Q

Peripheral pulse sites

A

Nevk, wrist, knee, elbow

137
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat

138
Q

Phlebitis

A

Vein inflammation

139
Q

Physiology

A

Study of living organisms

140
Q

Pia mater

A

Innermost layer of meninges

141
Q

Pinocytic vesicle

A

mechanism by which cells ingest extracellular fluid and its contents; it involves the formation of invaginations by the cell membrane, which close and break off to form fluid-filled vacuoles in the cytoplasm.pinocytot´ic

142
Q

Platelets

A

Blood cell required for blood clotting

143
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane that covers lungs and lines thoracic cavity

144
Q

Pons

A

Portion of brainstem that connects the medulla onblongata and cerebellum to the upper portions of brain

145
Q

Posterior

A

Toward back, behind

146
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to point of attachment

147
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Flap or cusp between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

148
Q

Pupil

A

Hole in center of iris

Allows to see light

149
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Thigh muscle

150
Q

Quadriplegic

A

All four limb paralysis

151
Q

Rectus abdominus

152
Q

Red marrow

A

Soft tissue in the epiphyses of long boens

153
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • lungs and air passages
  • takes oxygen in and removes carbon dioxide
  • works continuously or death occurs in 10-12 minutes, brain damage in 4-6 minutes
  • nose
  • sinuses
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • alveoli
  • lungsg
154
Q

Retina

A

Sensory membrane that lines eye and is immediate instrument of vision

155
Q

Right atrium

A

Receding chamber

Left and right

156
Q

Right ventricle

A

Left and right

Pumping chamber

157
Q

Hypertension

A

Same as hbp

158
Q

Rotation

A

Movement around a central axis

159
Q

Rugae

A

Wrinkles in lining of the stomach

160
Q

Salivary amylase

A

First enzyme food encounters

161
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva

162
Q

Sartorius

A

Longest muscle

Runs down inside of thigh

163
Q

Sclera

A

Whites of the eye

164
Q

Scrotum

A

The scrotum is a part of a male’s body located behind the penis. The scrotum is the sac (pouch) that contains the testes, blood vessels, and part of the spermatic cord.

165
Q

Semicircular canal

A

Structure of inner ear that involves maintaining balance

166
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Two saclike structures behind bladder

Connected to vas deferens

Secrets semen

167
Q

Sinuses

A

Hollowed cavities in nasal cavitity

168
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated muscle attached to bones

169
Q

Skeletal system

170
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary

Peristalsis

171
Q

Somatic system

A

Carries sensory and motor information to central nervous system

172
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Houses spinal cord

173
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

long muscle in the side of the neck that extends up from the thorax to the base of the skull behind the ear

174
Q

Fallopian tubes structure

A

Hollow, tubular structures, bilateral, 8-12 cm long and 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter, lined by a single layer of mucosal epithelium with many folds (plica)
Extends from posterior superior uterine fundus laterally and leads to ovaries

175
Q

Superior

A

Above, on top of

176
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Regulates functions of internal organs

Part of cns

177
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Little joint movement

178
Q

Systolic

A

Blood pressure in heart when heart is pumping

179
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast or rapid heartbeat

180
Q

Tendon

A

Fibrous muscle tissue that connects muscle to bones

181
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

houses heart, lungs, and great vessels

-protected by ribs, sternum, clavicle, and scapula

182
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12
Where the chest is
Protects spinal cord

183
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

Clot blood

184
Q

Thrombophlephitis

A

Swelling of vein because of a blood clot

185
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Dorsal flexor of foot

Connects ankle to foot to shin

186
Q

Transverse plane

A

Top and bottom half of body

187
Q

Trapezius

A

Muscle

Back of neck and shoulders

188
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Tricep muscle in arm

189
Q

True ribs

A
  • –attach directly to sternum by costal-cartilages

- –first 7 pairs

190
Q

Urinary system

A
  • excretory system
  • removes waste products and excess water
  • maintains homeostasis
  • maintains acid-based balances (pH)
  • 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra
191
Q

Varicose veins

A

Swollen veins

192
Q

Vas deferens

A

Tube that carries sperm and semen from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

193
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessel carries blood to heart

194
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to front

Anterior

195
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

196
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers in heart

Cavity in brain

197
Q

Venules

A

Smallest type of vein

Connects capillaries to veins

198
Q

Vestibule

A

Space at beginning of a canal

199
Q

Villi

A

Tiny projections

Small intestine has them to absorb nutrients

200
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

All movement

201
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Soft tissues in shafts of long bones

H. O. E. (14 decks)

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