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H. O. E. > Exam 2 Terms > Flashcards

Exam 2 Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces intake of food which results in weakness, loss of weight, metabolic issues, and death

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1
Q

7year old characteristics

A
  • > 5-12 lbs weight gain a year
    • > muscle and reflexes better
    • > physical activities and playing
  • mental / emotional development
    • > speech skills (speech problems can be seen)
    • > begin to problem solve
    • > active memories
    • > should be able to make judgement calls
    • > learning to control emotions
    • > becoming sexual (attractions)
    • > self concept development
  • social development
    • > easier friends become
    • > hard for kids with no self concept
    • > need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance
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2
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joints

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3
Q

Behavior of older adults

A

Mental ability is declining

Emotional stability declines

Diseases and bones disorders

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4
Q

Bulimia

A

Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat

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5
Q

Care of Alzheimer’s

A

Love and affection

Patience

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6
Q

Cataracts

A

Condition of the eye where the lens becomes cloudy and opaque

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7
Q

Cause of Alzheimer’s

A

Heredity

Tangles in neurons and neuron transmitters

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8
Q

Causes of cognitive impairments

A

Prenatal issues

Heredity

Chromosomal issues

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9
Q

Causes of suicide in teens

A

Bullying
Low self esteem
Family issues
Deaths

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10
Q

Causes of temporary confusion / disorientation

A

Seizure disorders, low blood pressure, heredity, lack of sleep, brain tumors, Alzheimer’s, dementia, thyroid problems, heart problems

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11
Q

Changes in CV system

A

Cannot have as heavy as workload as before

Reduction in red blood cell count

Veins and arteries become less pliable and elastic

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12
Q

Nonverbal communication characteristics

A

Gestures, facial expressions, body language, appearance

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13
Q

Verbal communication characterisitcs

A

Fluency, word choice, speed, clarity, tone

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14
Q

Communication barriers

A

Culture, ethnicity

Hearing loss, impaired vision, speech impairments

Severe disabilities, touch, eye contact

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15
Q

Communication feedback

A

Listening, correct answers, tones, open questions

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16
Q

Compensation

A

Substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success

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17
Q

Confidential care

A

?

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18
Q

growth and development

A

Measurable physical changes in humans and changes in intellectual, mental, emotional, social

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19
Q

Abuse

A

Any care that results in harm

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20
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Can lead to irreversible memory loss, deterioration of intellectual functions, disorientation, speech and gait problems

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21
Q

Communication

A

exchange of information: the exchange of information between people

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22
Q

Emotional development

A

Refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence

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23
Q

Designation of POA or health care surrogate

A

Document that permits an individual (principal) to appoint an another person (agent) to make any decisions about health care if the principle should become unable to make choices

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24
Q

Infancy characteristics

A

-birth to one year
-dramatic and rapid changes
-physical development
->weight
->developing muscles and coordination
->reflexes
->teeth change (ten - twelve teeth by year one)
->color blind when born
metal development
->first thought of emotion is of emotion
->6-8 months start responding
->12 months can understand words
-emotional development
->6 months can show delight, anger, fear, (anything within the first year of life can effect rest of life)
-social development
->completely dependent on others for all needs

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25
Q

Early childhood characteristics

A
  • 1-6 years
  • physical development
  • > average weight of six year old = 45 lbs
  • > muscles and reflexes
  • > some coordination improvement
  • > potty trained
  • mental development
  • > verbal contact and words
  • > 2500 words by age six
  • > 2 year olds - short attention span, begin to understand concepts, memory,
  • > 4 year olds- ask questions
  • > 6 year olds - desire to read and write
  • emotional development
  • > limits are set, most children are self-confident
  • > like routines
  • > begin to know what’s right and wrong
  • > lack of self-control
  • > independence
  • social development
  • > still don’t play well with others
  • > sharing is a problem
  • > need: organization, consistency, routines
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26
Q

Late childhood

A
  • 6-12 year olds
  • physical development
  • > 5-12 lbs weight gain a year
  • > muscle and reflexes better
  • > physical activities and playing
  • mental / emotional development
  • > speech skills (speech problems can be seen)
  • > begin to problem solve
  • > active memories
  • > should be able to make judgement calls
  • > learning to control emotions
  • > becoming sexual (attractions)
  • > self concept development
  • social development
  • > easier friends become
  • > hard for kids with no self concept
  • > need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance
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27
Q

Adolescence

A
  • ages 12-20
  • physical development
  • > growing, muscle development
  • > makeup and appearance
  • > hormonal changes
  • emotional development
  • > judgment calls
  • > responsibilities and maturity
  • > spontaneous choices
  • > peer pressure and thoughts
  • social development
  • > friends are more important in most minds - seek approval from friends and not family
  • > need reassurance, support, understanding
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28
Q

Early adulthood

A
  • ages 19-40
  • physical development
    • > girls are almost permanently developed
    • > prime child bearing years
  • mental development
    • > look forward to moving out from parents’ consent
    • > looking forward to making own decisions
    • > steady relationships
    • > raising a family
    • > majority want financial freedom
    • > intellectual growth
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29
Q

Middle adulthood

A
  • ages 40-65
  • physical development
    • > grey hair, wrinkles, glasses
    • > weight gain, flabby skin
    • > menopause / non child bearing
    • > men can father child into 90’s
  • mental development
    • > intellect still growing
    • > confident in decision making
    • > acquire problem solving skills
  • emotional development
    • > mid life crises
    • > financial issues
  • social development
    • > relationships are solid
    • > retirement
    • > focus switches from work to families
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30
Q

Late adulthood

A
  • ages +65
  • most PR
  • 65% of all health care costs are from elderly
  • mental development
  • > vary from one another
  • > biggest issues are losing family, home, ability to be independent
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31
Q

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s

A

.

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32
Q

Disease

A

medical condition: a condition in humans, plants, or animals that results in pathological symptoms and is not the direct result of physical injury

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33
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring feelings about one person to someone else

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34
Q

DNR

A

Do not resuscitate

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35
Q

Domestic violence

A

attempting or threatening to harm, or harming physically, to anyone in a household

  • > divorced couples
  • > related by blood, marriage, or adoption
  • > currently or formerly living together
  • > now or used to have a dating or engagement relationship
  • > have a child in common
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36
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

Less saliva leads to slower gag reflex

37
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

Most often caused by infections

38
Q

Factors influencing communication good/bad

A

Perceptions, clarifying, attentive listening, changing subjects, open ended questions, close ended questions….

39
Q

Five stages of death

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

40
Q

Forms of dementia

A

Vascular, mixed, dementia and Lewy Bodies, frontotemporal, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), Creutzfeldt-Jacob Dementia (CJD)

41
Q

Glaucoma

A

The intraocular pressure of the eye increases and interferes with vision

42
Q

Grasp reflex

A

Infants can grasp objects placed in hands

43
Q

Hoarding

A

Pathological or compulsive keeping of objects

44
Q

Hospice function / purpose

A

Care that provides comfort and support

Allows patient to die in dignity

45
Q

Incontinence

A

The inability to control urine

46
Q

Independence vs dependence

A

Being able to be safe and make choice on your own vs not being able to

47
Q

Infant physical development

A
  • > weight
  • > developing muscles and coordination
  • > reflexes
  • > teeth change (ten - twelve teeth by year one)
  • > color blind when born
48
Q

Levels of communication

A

Verbal, nonverbal, intrapersonal, interpersonal, public, mass

49
Q

Living will

A

Document that allows individual to state what measures should or shouldn’t be taken to prolong life

50
Q

Loneliness in elderly

A

can be especially debilitating to older adults and may predict serious health problems and even death

Death of spouse, knowledge of future death

51
Q

Loss of adipose tissue in elderly

A
  • production of new skin cells decrease
  • sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands become less active
    • avoid lots of soaps
    • avoid smelling lotion (will cause issues)
  • circulation of skin decreases
  • ability to get rid of heat decreases
  • causes discoloration
  • feel cold
  • takes longer times to heal
  • bruise easy
  • hair loses color and hair loss (alpocia)
  • methods to adapt and cope with changes
  • turgor (lack of adepost tissues, lack of skin elasticity)
  • ecchymosis - bruising (lack of adepost tissue)
52
Q

Melanin patches

A

Natural skin pigmentation spot

53
Q

Memory changes of elderly

A

.

54
Q

Moro reflex

A

Involuntary reflex to stimulation of newborns

55
Q

Needs for safety and security

A

Feel secure in environments

Free from fear and anxiety

56
Q

Needs of humans

A

Physiological, safety, love and affection, esteem, self actualization

57
Q

Nonverbal behavior

A

Gestures, mannerisms, expressions, body language

58
Q

Ombudsman

A

Specially trained person who acts s an advocate for others to improve care conditions

59
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bones become porous and brittle because of lack of calcium and phosphorous

60
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone inflammation produced by a pathogenic organism

Organisms cause formation of abscesses within the bone and an accumulation of pus in the medullary canal

61
Q

Pacing

A

When nervous or anxious

62
Q

Patient advocate

A

Makes decisions for the patient

63
Q

Patients’ rights

A

Made clear in the Patient’s Bill of Rights

64
Q

Percent of people in long term care

A

5%

65
Q

Projection

A

Placing the blame for ones own actions on others

66
Q

Pillaging

A

Stealing of possesions

67
Q

Psychological care of dying

A
  • > > give them control - get permission for everything (by whom, when, why, allow patient to talk how they want)
  • > > acknowledge difficult requests
  • > > fears are dying alone and dying with pain
  • > > hospice preaches for quality over quantity
  • > > maximize time with them
  • > > let them die how they want to die
  • > > family care
    • -» have their understanding
    • -» open communication
    • -» learn to identify individuality
    • -» death of the patient stops care for the patient, not the care for the family
  • > deaths occur in threes
    • -» closure for the health care workers
68
Q

Psychological barriers of communication

A

Prejudice, attitude, personality, judging, preaching, moralizing, lecturing, overreacting, arguing, advising

69
Q

Puberty

A

Period of growth and development where secondary sexual characteristics begin

70
Q

Rationalization

A

Defense mechanism involving the use of reasonable excuses as behavior explanations

71
Q

Reality orientation

A

Activities to help promote awareness of time, place, person

72
Q

Retirement

A

Can cause emotional distress

73
Q

Right to die

A

A patient should be able to choose if they would like to die or not

74
Q

Rooting reflex

A

A touch on the cheek can cause opening of mouth and turn of the head in newborns

75
Q

Self actualization

A

Obtaining full potential, confidence, self secure

76
Q

Sexual needs of elderly

A

Completely normal

Does not cease due to age

77
Q

Signs of abuse

A 
Unexplained bruises
Fractures
Burns
Poor hygiene
Personality changes
Withdrawn or aggressive behavior
78
Q

Signs of suicide

A 
Appetite changes
Alcohol and drug abuse
Loss of interest in activities
Poor hygiene
Withdrawn
79
Q

Social development of 2 year olds

A
  • > still don’t play well with others
  • > sharing is a problem
  • > need: organization, consistency, routines
80
Q

Social skills of children

A
  • > still don’t play well with others
  • > sharing is a problem
  • > need: organization, consistency, routines
  • > easier friends become
  • > hard for kids with no self concept
  • > need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance
81
Q

Socialization

A

Interactions with people

82
Q

Stages of dying

A
  1. denial - refuses to believe
  2. anger - when no longer able to deny but unreasonably doing so
  3. bargaining - accepts death, but wants more time
  4. depression - realizes death will soon come
  5. acceptance - understand the fact they will die
83
Q

Sucking reflex

A

Slight touch to the lips triggers it

84
Q

Sundowning

A

People with dementia who “sundown” get confused and agitated as the sun goes down

85
Q

Suppression

A

Aware of unacceptable thoughts but refuses to deal with them

86
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot

87
Q

TIA’s

A

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a brief period of time

88
Q

Time frame for physical changes in elderly

A

.

89
Q

Trust vs mistrust

A

stage occurs between birth and approximately 18 months of age. According to Erikson, the trust versus mistrust stage is the most important period in a person’s life

90
Q

Vascular degeneration

A

Deterioration of blood vessels

91
Q

Withdrawal

A

Individual ceases to communicate or physically removes them self from situations

H. O. E. (14 decks)

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