Exam 2 Terms Flashcards
0
Q
Anorexia nervosa
A
Psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces intake of food which results in weakness, loss of weight, metabolic issues, and death
1
Q
7year old characteristics
A
- > 5-12 lbs weight gain a year
- > muscle and reflexes better
- > physical activities and playing
- mental / emotional development
- > speech skills (speech problems can be seen)
- > begin to problem solve
- > active memories
- > should be able to make judgement calls
- > learning to control emotions
- > becoming sexual (attractions)
- > self concept development
- social development
- > easier friends become
- > hard for kids with no self concept
- > need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance
2
Q
Arthritis
A
Inflammation of joints
3
Q
Behavior of older adults
A
Mental ability is declining
Emotional stability declines
Diseases and bones disorders
4
Q
Bulimia
A
Psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts, or refuses to eat
5
Q
Care of Alzheimer’s
A
Love and affection
Patience
6
Q
Cataracts
A
Condition of the eye where the lens becomes cloudy and opaque
7
Q
Cause of Alzheimer’s
A
Heredity
Tangles in neurons and neuron transmitters
8
Q
Causes of cognitive impairments
A
Prenatal issues
Heredity
Chromosomal issues
9
Q
Causes of suicide in teens
A
Bullying
Low self esteem
Family issues
Deaths
10
Q
Causes of temporary confusion / disorientation
A
Seizure disorders, low blood pressure, heredity, lack of sleep, brain tumors, Alzheimer’s, dementia, thyroid problems, heart problems
11
Q
Changes in CV system
A
Cannot have as heavy as workload as before
Reduction in red blood cell count
Veins and arteries become less pliable and elastic
12
Q
Nonverbal communication characteristics
A
Gestures, facial expressions, body language, appearance
13
Q
Verbal communication characterisitcs
A
Fluency, word choice, speed, clarity, tone
14
Q
Communication barriers
A
Culture, ethnicity
Hearing loss, impaired vision, speech impairments
Severe disabilities, touch, eye contact
15
Q
Communication feedback
A
Listening, correct answers, tones, open questions
16
Q
Compensation
A
Substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success
17
Q
Confidential care
A
?
18
Q
growth and development
A
Measurable physical changes in humans and changes in intellectual, mental, emotional, social
19
Q
Abuse
A
Any care that results in harm
20
Q
Alzheimer’s
A
Can lead to irreversible memory loss, deterioration of intellectual functions, disorientation, speech and gait problems
21
Q
Communication
A
exchange of information: the exchange of information between people
22
Q
Emotional development
A
Refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence
23
Q
Designation of POA or health care surrogate
A
Document that permits an individual (principal) to appoint an another person (agent) to make any decisions about health care if the principle should become unable to make choices
24
Infancy characteristics
-birth to one year
-dramatic and rapid changes
-physical development
->weight
->developing muscles and coordination
->reflexes
->teeth change (ten - twelve teeth by year one)
->color blind when born
metal development
->first thought of emotion is of emotion
->6-8 months start responding
->12 months can understand words
-emotional development
->6 months can show delight, anger, fear, (anything within the first year of life can effect rest of life)
-social development
->completely dependent on others for all needs
25
Early childhood characteristics
- 1-6 years
- physical development
- >average weight of six year old = 45 lbs
- >muscles and reflexes
- >some coordination improvement
- >potty trained
- mental development
- >verbal contact and words
- >2500 words by age six
- >2 year olds - short attention span, begin to understand concepts, memory,
- >4 year olds- ask questions
- >6 year olds - desire to read and write
- emotional development
- >limits are set, most children are self-confident
- >like routines
- >begin to know what's right and wrong
- >lack of self-control
- >independence
- social development
- >still don't play well with others
- >sharing is a problem
- >need: organization, consistency, routines
26
Late childhood
- 6-12 year olds
- physical development
- >5-12 lbs weight gain a year
- >muscle and reflexes better
- >physical activities and playing
- mental / emotional development
- >speech skills (speech problems can be seen)
- >begin to problem solve
- >active memories
- >should be able to make judgement calls
- >learning to control emotions
- >becoming sexual (attractions)
- >self concept development
- social development
- >easier friends become
- >hard for kids with no self concept
- >need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance
27
Adolescence
- ages 12-20
- physical development
- >growing, muscle development
- >makeup and appearance
- >hormonal changes
- emotional development
- >judgment calls
- >responsibilities and maturity
- >spontaneous choices
- >peer pressure and thoughts
- social development
- >friends are more important in most minds - seek approval from friends and not family
- >need reassurance, support, understanding
28
Early adulthood
- ages 19-40
- physical development
- >girls are almost permanently developed
- >prime child bearing years
- mental development
- >look forward to moving out from parents' consent
- >looking forward to making own decisions
- >steady relationships
- >raising a family
- >majority want financial freedom
- >intellectual growth
29
Middle adulthood
- ages 40-65
- physical development
- >grey hair, wrinkles, glasses
- >weight gain, flabby skin
- >menopause / non child bearing
- >men can father child into 90's
- mental development
- >intellect still growing
- >confident in decision making
- >acquire problem solving skills
- emotional development
- >mid life crises
- >financial issues
- social development
- >relationships are solid
- >retirement
- >focus switches from work to families
30
Late adulthood
- ages +65
- most PR
- 65% of all health care costs are from elderly
- mental development
- >vary from one another
- >biggest issues are losing family, home, ability to be independent
31
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's
.
32
Disease
medical condition: a condition in humans, plants, or animals that results in pathological symptoms and is not the direct result of physical injury
33
Displacement
Transferring feelings about one person to someone else
34
DNR
Do not resuscitate
35
Domestic violence
attempting or threatening to harm, or harming physically, to anyone in a household
- >divorced couples
- >related by blood, marriage, or adoption
- >currently or formerly living together
- >now or used to have a dating or engagement relationship
- >have a child in common
36
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
Less saliva leads to slower gag reflex
37
Dysuria
Painful urination
Most often caused by infections
38
Factors influencing communication good/bad
Perceptions, clarifying, attentive listening, changing subjects, open ended questions, close ended questions....
39
Five stages of death
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
40
Forms of dementia
Vascular, mixed, dementia and Lewy Bodies, frontotemporal, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), Creutzfeldt-Jacob Dementia (CJD)
41
Glaucoma
The intraocular pressure of the eye increases and interferes with vision
42
Grasp reflex
Infants can grasp objects placed in hands
43
Hoarding
Pathological or compulsive keeping of objects
44
Hospice function / purpose
Care that provides comfort and support
Allows patient to die in dignity
45
Incontinence
The inability to control urine
46
Independence vs dependence
Being able to be safe and make choice on your own vs not being able to
47
Infant physical development
- >weight
- >developing muscles and coordination
- >reflexes
- >teeth change (ten - twelve teeth by year one)
- >color blind when born
48
Levels of communication
Verbal, nonverbal, intrapersonal, interpersonal, public, mass
49
Living will
Document that allows individual to state what measures should or shouldn't be taken to prolong life
50
Loneliness in elderly
can be especially debilitating to older adults and may predict serious health problems and even death
Death of spouse, knowledge of future death
51
Loss of adipose tissue in elderly
- production of new skin cells decrease
- sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands become less active
- avoid lots of soaps
- avoid smelling lotion (will cause issues)
- circulation of skin decreases
- ability to get rid of heat decreases
- causes discoloration
- feel cold
- takes longer times to heal
- bruise easy
- hair loses color and hair loss (alpocia)
- methods to adapt and cope with changes
- turgor (lack of adepost tissues, lack of skin elasticity)
- ecchymosis - bruising (lack of adepost tissue)
52
Melanin patches
Natural skin pigmentation spot
53
Memory changes of elderly
.
54
Moro reflex
Involuntary reflex to stimulation of newborns
55
Needs for safety and security
Feel secure in environments
Free from fear and anxiety
56
Needs of humans
Physiological, safety, love and affection, esteem, self actualization
57
Nonverbal behavior
Gestures, mannerisms, expressions, body language
58
Ombudsman
Specially trained person who acts s an advocate for others to improve care conditions
59
Osteoporosis
Bones become porous and brittle because of lack of calcium and phosphorous
60
Osteomyelitis
Bone inflammation produced by a pathogenic organism
Organisms cause formation of abscesses within the bone and an accumulation of pus in the medullary canal
61
Pacing
When nervous or anxious
62
Patient advocate
Makes decisions for the patient
63
Patients' rights
Made clear in the Patient's Bill of Rights
64
Percent of people in long term care
5%
65
Projection
Placing the blame for ones own actions on others
66
Pillaging
Stealing of possesions
67
Psychological care of dying
- >> give them control - get permission for everything (by whom, when, why, allow patient to talk how they want)
- >> acknowledge difficult requests
- >> fears are dying alone and dying with pain
- >> hospice preaches for quality over quantity
- >> maximize time with them
- >> let them die how they want to die
- >> family care
- ->> have their understanding
- ->> open communication
- ->> learn to identify individuality
- ->> death of the patient stops care for the patient, not the care for the family
- > deaths occur in threes
- ->> closure for the health care workers
68
Psychological barriers of communication
Prejudice, attitude, personality, judging, preaching, moralizing, lecturing, overreacting, arguing, advising
69
Puberty
Period of growth and development where secondary sexual characteristics begin
70
Rationalization
Defense mechanism involving the use of reasonable excuses as behavior explanations
71
Reality orientation
Activities to help promote awareness of time, place, person
72
Retirement
Can cause emotional distress
73
Right to die
A patient should be able to choose if they would like to die or not
74
Rooting reflex
A touch on the cheek can cause opening of mouth and turn of the head in newborns
75
Self actualization
Obtaining full potential, confidence, self secure
76
Sexual needs of elderly
Completely normal
Does not cease due to age
77
Signs of abuse
```
Unexplained bruises
Fractures
Burns
Poor hygiene
Personality changes
Withdrawn or aggressive behavior
```
78
Signs of suicide
```
Appetite changes
Alcohol and drug abuse
Loss of interest in activities
Poor hygiene
Withdrawn
```
79
Social development of 2 year olds
- >still don't play well with others
- >sharing is a problem
- >need: organization, consistency, routines
80
Social skills of children
- >still don't play well with others
- >sharing is a problem
- >need: organization, consistency, routines
- >easier friends become
- >hard for kids with no self concept
- >need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance
81
Socialization
Interactions with people
82
Stages of dying
1. denial - refuses to believe
2. anger - when no longer able to deny but unreasonably doing so
3. bargaining - accepts death, but wants more time
4. depression - realizes death will soon come
5. acceptance - understand the fact they will die
83
Sucking reflex
Slight touch to the lips triggers it
84
Sundowning
People with dementia who "sundown" get confused and agitated as the sun goes down
85
Suppression
Aware of unacceptable thoughts but refuses to deal with them
86
Thrombus
Blood clot
87
TIA's
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a brief period of time
88
Time frame for physical changes in elderly
.
89
Trust vs mistrust
stage occurs between birth and approximately 18 months of age. According to Erikson, the trust versus mistrust stage is the most important period in a person’s life
90
Vascular degeneration
Deterioration of blood vessels
91
Withdrawal
Individual ceases to communicate or physically removes them self from situations
