Exam 4 prep Flashcards
Which enzyme found in gastric juice allows for the breakdown (catabolism) of proteins into their component peptide chains?
Pepsin
Which component of the pancreatic juice buffers the small intestine from the acidity of the gastric acid coming from the stomach?
Sodium bicarbonate
Which of the following chemical products is not secreted by the pancreas into the pancreatic juice?
Bile
How does the liver help to lower blood sugar levels?
It anabolizes glycogen by combining glucose molecules (or other monosaccharides) that are in the blood stream (glycogenesis)
How is pepsinogen specifically activated to its active form, pepsin?
The presence of a highly acidic environment created by HCl
The portion of the stomach that immediately surrounds the opening of the esophagus into the stomach is the _________.
Cardia
Which of the following is secreted by the liver and eventually released into the duodenum?
Bile
Some of the functions of the pancreas include:
A. Production of sodium bicarbonate
B. Production of lipase
C. Production of trypsinogen
D. Production of insulin and glucagon, which are important in glucose and glycogen metabolism E. All of the above are functions of the pancreas
Which of the following are not part of the gastrointestinal tract?
1. Small intestine 2. Pancreas 3. Mouth 4. Large intestine 5. Gallbladder 6. Rectum 7. Liver
D. 2, 5, 7 only
Food arriving in the stomach will lead to ________________ in the secretion of pepsinogen and HCl.
an increase
The enzyme that is produced by salivary glands, has an optimum pH of ~ 7, and breaks down starch is called:
Salivary amylase
The enzymes produced by the small intestine, which digest disaccharides, are called:
maltase, lactase, and sucrase
Segmentation is:
Chyme sloshing back and forth in the small intestine
What is the purpose of chemical digestion?
To breakdown large macromolecules into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the GI tract epithelium.
The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall are called __________.
mesenteries
The layer that is responsible for the motility that propels food and residue through the digestive tract is called the __________.
muscularis externa
Which of the following is the correct list of tooth anatomy from the most superficial to the deepest?
Enamel, dentin, pulp
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by __________ cells.
parietal
The __________ phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.
gastric
A hepatic triad consists of __________.
a bile ductule, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a branch of the hepatic portal vein
Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
Triglycerides
Which of the following constitutes the so-called “bad cholesterol?”
Low-density lipoproteins
High-quality __________ proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids.
complete
Which of the following is a final product of aerobic cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide