exam 4 ppt summaries Flashcards by Daniella Solares

location of larynx

located below hyoid bone, above trachea (windpipe)

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true vocal folds

soft folds of tissue inside larynx
airway protection and vibration for speech production
often just called vocal folds

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false vocal folds

fatty tissue located inside larynx above true vocal folds
do NOT vibrate during speech

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vocal fold configurations

open: abduction (respiration)
closed: adduction (eatiing, heavy lifting) (dd)

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framework of larynx

superior border of larynx: hyoid bone
inferior border of larynx: trachea
3 unpaired cartilages: epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
3 paired cartilages: arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

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unpaired laryngeal cartilages

epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

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Epiglottis cartilage

unpaired, thin and leaf-shaped
attached to thyroid cartilage via thyroepliglottic ligament
attached to hyoid via hyoepiglottic ligament

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thyroid cartilage

largest laryngeal cartilage
attached to hyoid via thyrohyoid membrane

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cricoid cartilage

shaped like signet ring
posterior: cricoid lamiina
anterior: cricoid arch
attached to trachea via cricotracheal ligamenat

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paired cartilages of larynx

arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate
(ACC)

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arytenoid cartilage

anatomy: apex, base, 2 projections/processes
vocal processor is medial, muscular processor is lateral

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cuneiform cartilage

smallest laryngeal cartilage
lateral to corniculate cartilage
unknown function, likely provides structural support

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corniculate cartilage

located at apex of arytenoid cartilages
cone-shaped
function: structural support

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laryngeal joints

cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid

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cricothyroid joint

joint between cricoid and thyroid cartilages

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cricoarytenoid joint

joint between cricoid and arytenoid cartilages

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laryngeal innervation

nerve supply
Cranial Nerve X - Vagus
two branches of vagus are important to vocal fold physiology: superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve

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superior laryngeal nerve

external branch: motor branch innervates cricothyroid muscle, vocal folds tense and pitch increases
internal branch: sensory branch brings back sensations from area near true vocal folds

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recurrent laryngeal nerve

provides sensory information from region below true vocal folds
motor brance innervates all intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid)

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suprahyoid muscles

move the larynx up (elevators)
above hyoid bone
important for swallowing

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digastric muscle

two bellies: anterior and posterior
anterior digastric: origin is mandible bone, insertion hyoid bone, innervation CN V
posterior digastric: origin mastoid process, insertion hyoid bone, innervation CN VII
function: elevates hyoid bone and larynx, moves hyoid bone and larynx forward

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stylohyoid muscle

origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: body of hyoid bone
function: elevates and retracts hyoid bone and larynx
innervation: CN VII

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mylohyoid muscle

origin: inside edges of mandible
insertion: midline raphe, hyoid bone, and tongue
function: moves hyoid and larynx anterosuperiorly
innervation: CN V

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geniohyoid muscle

origin: center of mandible
insertion: hyoid bone
function: moves hyoid and larynx anterosuperiorly
innervation: cervical nerve 1

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infrahyoid muscles

move the larynx down (depresses)

sternohyoid muscle

origin: manubrium of sternum and medial part of clavicle insertion: body of hyoid bone function: depress hyoid bone and larynx innervation: cervical nerve 1-3

omohyoid muscle

origin: intermediate tendon insertion: hyoid bone function: depresses and retracts hyoid bone innervation: cervical nerves 1-3

thyrohyoid muscle

origin: thyroid cartilage insertion: hyoid bone function: depress hyoid bone, elevate larynx innervation: cervical nerve 1

sternothyroid muscle

origin: manubrium of sternum insertion: thyroid cartilage function: depress larynx and hyoid bone innervation: cervical nerves 2-3

five intrinsic laryngeal muscle

thyroarytenoid muscle lateral cricoarytenoid muscle interarytenoid muscle: transverse and oblique posterior cricoaryteniod muscle cricothyroid muscle

thyroarytenoid muscle

origin: thyroid cartilage insertion: arytenoid cartilage innervation: recurrent laryngeal nerve two divisions: thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis

thyroarytenoid muscle: thyrovocalis

origin: thyroid cartilage insertion: vocal process of arytenoid cartilages function: increase vocal stiffness, increase in pitch

thyroarytenoid muscle: thyromuscularis

origin: thyroid cartilage insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilages function: adducts vocal folds

lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

origin: cricoid arch insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage function: vocal fold adduction innervation: recurrent laryngeal nerve

interarytenoid muscle

two divisions: transverse and oblique function: vocal fold adduction innervation: both divisions innervated by Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

interarytenoid muscle: transverse

horizontal muscle origin: one arytenoid cartilage insertion: contralateral (opposite) arytenoid cartilage

interarytenoid muscle: oblique

runs diagonally, forms an "X" on posterior surface of arytenoids origin: apex of one arytenoid cartilage insertion: base of contralateral arytenoid cartilage

posterior cricoaryteniod muscle

origin: cricoid lamina insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage function: vocal fold abduction innervation: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

cricothyroid muscle

origin: cricoid arch insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage function: vocal fold abduction innervation: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

interior of larynx

true and false vocal folds covered by moist epithelial tissue

laryngeal spaces

laryngeal vestibule laryngeal ventricle subglottic space

glottis

space between the true vocal folds and arytenoid cartilage two parts: membranous glottis, cartilaginous glottis

layered structure of the vocal folds

molecules and proteins in the vocal folds

vocal fold classification system

vocal fold vibration is _________ and __________

flow-induced; self-sustained

muscles involved in vocal fold frequency control

cricothyroid thyrovocalis thyromuscularis

f0 differs with _______ ____ and across ____

biological sex; age

vocal fold vibration is ________

symmetric

changes in ________ patterns result in different vocal _________

vibration; qualities

three vocal registers

modal, loft, pulse

modal register

loft register

pulse register

larynx is important for voicing _______

contrasts

larynx is important for modulating _________ and ________ which are needed for linguistic ______

frequency; intensity; stress

vocal intensity can be regulated....

BELOW, AT, or ABOVE the glottis

vocal intensity @ glottis

vocal intensity ABOVE glottis

vocal intensity BELOW glottis

what is voice disorder?

impact of voice disorder

examples of voice disorders

nodules

edema

web

additional cranial nerves that innercate larynx

trigeminal, facial, hypoglossal