Exam 4 part 5 Flashcards
nephrotic syndrome
significant amount of protein in urine, basement membrane effected.
hypoalbuminemia > generalized edema, hyperlipidemia (liver is overcompensating to make proteins, but can’t NOT make lipids), salt and water retention and increased free active drug due to decreased binding proteins
Immunoglobulins and complement lost in urine > decreased immune function
Decreased Binding proteins > low ions and hormones
Loss of clotting and anticlotting factors(less plasma proteins) > thrombosis
nephritic syndrome
disorder of glomerular function
- blood in the urine (also increased protein)
- includes Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
- increased BP, swelling, edema
lower urinary tract obstruction
- Below uerterovesical junction
- bilateral
- where ureter makes contact with the bladder - enlarged prostate for example
- effects both kidneys
upper urinary tract obstruction
- Above ureterovescial junction
- unilateral
- ex: stone lodged in ureter, pregnancy, scar tissue
- effects one or both kidneys
hydronephrosis
urine filled dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces (usually unilateral)
- Increased pressure inside the renal capsule > damage is due to back pressure
- Compartment syndrome compresses blood vessels inside kidney
- Renal ischemia
hydronephrosis complications
stasis of urine
- risk of infection
- increase risk of cystitis
will only feel pain once the expansion of the kidney is significant enough to stretch the renal capsule
hydronephrosis causes
urinary tract obstruction
most common renal cancer seen in children
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
- embryonic kidney tumor
- caused by abnormal tumor suppressor gene
simple cyst
- do not effect kidney function or destroy internal architecture of kidney
- common over age of 40, and very common over age of 50
- usually don’t have s/s, but sometimes cause flank pain, hematuria, infection, HTN
- acquired
polycystic kidney disease
genetic
- autosomal dom: adult (less intense, don’t notice s/s til later on)
- autosomal recessive: kids (more aggressive) will need transplant by age 12/13
- kidney can get to size of a football
