Exam 4- October 29th

Question 0

________ is the major fuel of most organisms

Answer 0

D-glucose

Question 1

Glycolysis comes from the Greek word “glykys”meaning _____ & lysis meaning ________

Answer 1

Sweet & to split

Question 2

The complete oxidation of glucose to __________ & __________ yields standard free energy change of -2840 kJ per mol

Answer 2

CO2 & H2O

Question 3

Cells can store glucose as high molecular weight polymers such as __________ or __________

Answer 3

Starch or glycogen

Question 4

If energy demands suddenly increase __________ can be released quickly from the starch and glycogen and used to produce __________ through either aerobic or anaerobic pathways.

Answer 4

Glucose

ATP

Question 5

__________ Can serve as a precursor for intermediates needed in __________ pathways.

Answer 5

Glucose

Biosynthetic

Question 6

Some bacteria can obtain the __________ __________ needed for __________ amino acid, nucleotide, co-enzyme, fatty acid needed for growth from glucose.

Answer 6

Carbon skeleton

Every

Question 7

In higher plants and animals, glucose is used in three major ways:

Answer 7

1. Stored
2. Oxidize to the three carbon compound pyruvate by glycolysis
3. Oxidize to pentoses by the pentose phosphate pathway

Question 8

__________ Is a three carbon compound oxidized through glycolysis

Answer 8

Pyruvate

Question 9

__________ glycolysis proceeds through a cascade of __________ reactions

Answer 9

Aerobic

10

Question 10

All glycolysis reactions occur in the __________ of the cell

Answer 10

Cytosol

Question 11

All intermediates formed in glycolysis are __________ compounds

Answer 11

Phosphorylated

Question 12

In glycolysis, 1 molecule of __________ yields __________ molecules of pyruvate with a net gain of __________ __________

Answer 12

Glucose
Two
2 ATP

Question 13

The first 5 reactions of glycolysis constitute the __________ __________

Answer 13

Preparatory phase

Question 14

1 or the 2 __________ enzymes in the glycolysis pathway is found in the preparatory phase

Answer 14

Regulatory

Question 15

__________ Is the regulatory enzyme in the preparatory phase and it is also the (4 words)__________ in the entire glycolytic pathway.

Answer 15

Phosphofructokinase-1

(4words) major point of regulation

Question 16

Phosphofructokinase-1 catalyze so the reaction fructose-6-phosphate –> __________

Answer 16

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 17

Phosphofructokinase-1is activated by:

Answer 17

AMP
ADP
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 18

Phosphofructokinase-1 is inhibited by:

Answer 18

ATP

Citrate

Question 19

Phosphofructokinase-1 is under __________ regulation

Answer 19

Allosteric

Question 20

In the preparatory phase of glycolysis:

ATP is __________, thus __________ the free energy oft he intermediates

Answer 20

Consume

Raising.

Question 21

In the preparatory phase of glycolysis:

The carbon chains of all the metabolized __________ are converted to a common __________ carbon product known as __________.

Answer 21

Hexoses
Three
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 22

The final 5 reactions of glycolysis constitute the __________ __________

Answer 22

Payoff phase

Question 23

The second of the two regulatory enzymes of glycolysis is found in the __________ _________

Answer 23

Payoff phase

Question 24

__________ Is the __________ enzyme found in the payoff phase of glycolysis.

Answer 24

Pyruvate

kinase

Question 25

__________ Catalyzes the reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to __________ and ATP

Answer 25

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate

Question 26

Pyruvate kinase is activated by

Answer 26

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 27

The activation of pyruvate kinase with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate occurs through a __________ effect known as __________ __________

Answer 27

Allosteric

Feedforward activation

Question 28

What does feed forward activation do?

Answer 28

Assures the intermediates do not accumulate

Question 29

Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

How does ATP inhibit pyruvate kinase

Answer 30

It reduces the affinity of pyruvate kinase for phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 31

Pyruvate kinase is __________ inhibited by __________

Answer 31

Feedback

Acetyl coa

Question 32

When lipids are __________ large amounts of __________ are produced which reduces the need for __________ reactions

Answer 32

Catabolized
Acetyl coa
Glycolytic

Question 33

The formation of ATP during glycolysis is referred to as __________

Answer 33

Substrate-level-phosphorylation

Question 34

Substrate level phosphorylation involves __________ enzymes and chemical intermediates

Answer 34

(Water) Soluble

Question 35

Another name for oxidative phosphorylation is __________ __________ __________

Answer 35

Respiration linked phosphorylation

Question 36

__________ __________ Phosphorylation involves __________enzymes and transmembrane __________

Answer 36

Respiration linked
Membrane bound
Proton gradients