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Biochem 2 > Exam 2 Material > Flashcards

Exam 2 Material Flashcards

1
Q

The biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the _____ of many organisms, and in the _____ of plants.

A

cytosol

chloroplasts

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2
Q

The long carbon chains of fatty acids are assembled in a _____ __-___ _____ _____.

A

Repeating Four-Step Reaction Sequence

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3
Q

The repeating four-step reaction sequences yield a saturated _____ group.

A

acyl

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4
Q

The saturated acyl group from the repeating four-step reaction sequence becomes the substrate for _____ reactions with an activated _____ group.

A

condensation

malonyl

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5
Q

Each time the fatty acyl chain passed through the cycle, the fatty acyl chain is lengthened by _____ _____.

A

two carbons

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6
Q

When the acyl chain reaches ___ carbons, the product _____ the cycle.

A

16

leaves

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7
Q

The 16 carbon product from biosynthesis is _____ acid.

A

Palmitic (16:0)

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8
Q

Carbons 15 and 16 of the palmitiate molecule are derived from the _____ and _____ carbon atoms of the _____ by was of _____.

A

methyl
carboxyl
acetyl-CoA
malonyl-CoA

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9
Q

_____ _____ _____ is the multienzyme complex that carries out all of the fatty acid synthesis reactions.

A

Fatty Acid Synthase

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10
Q

The fatty acid synthase complex has _____ separate _____.

A

seven

activities

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11
Q

In bacteria and plants, there are seven activities in _____ separate polypeptides

A

seven

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12
Q

In yeast, there are seven activities in _____ separate polypeptides.

A

two

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13
Q

In vertebrates, there are seven activities in a _____ _____ polypeptide.

A

single, large

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14
Q

In _____&_____ there are seven activities in seven separate polypeptides

A

bacteria and plants

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15
Q

In _____, there are seven activities in two separate polypeptides.

A

yeast

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16
Q

In _____, there are seven activities in a single, large polypeptide.

A

vertebrates

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17
Q

The full name of the protein - ACP - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Acyl Carrier Protein

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18
Q

The full name of the protein - KS - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

B-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase

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19
Q

The full name of the protein - AT - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Acetyl-CoA-ACP-Transacetylase

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20
Q

The full name of the protein - MT - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Malonyl-CoA-ACP Transferase

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21
Q

The full name of the protein - KR - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

B-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase

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22
Q

The full name of the protein - HD - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

B-Hydroxyacyl-ACP-Dehydratase

23
Q

The full name of the protein - ER - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Enoyl-ACP Reductase

24
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that transfers acyl group from CoA to Cysteine residue of B-Ketoacyl-ACP synthase

A

Acetyl-CoA-ACP-Transacetylase (AT)

25
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that carries acyl groups in thioester linkages

A

Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)

26
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that condenses acyl and malonyl groups and also has at least three isozymes.

A

B-ketoacyl-ACP Synthase (KS)

27
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that transfers the malonyl group from CoA to ACP

A

Malonyl-CoA-ACP Transferase (MT)

28
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that reduces B-Keto group to B-hydroxyl group

A

B-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase (KR)

29
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that removes H2O from B-hydroxyacyl-ACP creating a double bond

A

B-Hydroxacyl-ACP-Dehydratase (HD)

30
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that reduces double bond, forming a saturated acyl-ACP

A

Enoyl-ACP Reductase (ER)

31
Q

The biosynthesis of fatty acids requires _____, _____, and _____.

A

Acetyl-CoA
ATP
NADPH

32
Q

The group transfer potential of ATP is used to add _____ to acetyl-CoA to form _____.

A

CO2

Malonyl-CoA

33
Q

_____ is used to reduce the double bonds that are inserted in the growing acyl chain when malonyl-CoA condenses with acetyl-CoA

A

NADPH

34
Q

_____ _____ serves as the precursor for the biosynthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids in animal cells

A

Palmitic Acid

35
Q

Carbon 18, 20, and longer chain fatty acids are formed by _____ _____ _____ systems in the smooth ER and mitochondria.

A

Fatty Acid Elongation

36
Q

Palmitoyl-CoA is extended by two carbons to form _____.

A

Stearoyl-CoA

37
Q

Fatty acid elongation involves different _____ than those involved in palmitate synthesis, and _______ is the acyl carrier rather than ACP.

A

enzyme

coenzyme A

38
Q

Other than the enzymes and acyl carrier the process of elongation in the _____ is identical to palmitate synthesis.

A

ER

39
Q

The process of elongation and palmitate synthesis includes:
two carbons donated by malonyl-CoA, them,
reduction,
dehydration,
reduction
to yield the _______ product.

A

stearyl-CoA

40
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are formed by the action of _____ _____ _____.

A

Fatty Acyl Desaturases

41
Q

The fatty acyl desaturases are types of _____-_____ oxidases

A

mixed-function

42
Q

The term _____-_____ _____ is used when the enzyme oxidizes two different substrates _____.

A

mixed-function oxidase

simultaneously

43
Q

In the case of fatty acyl-CoA , the two differnt substrates are the __________ and _____/_____

A

fatty acid

NADH/NADPH

44
Q

The fatty acid and NADH/NADPH substrates undergo simultaneous two-electron _____

A

oxidations

45
Q

The _____ of palmitate produces stearate

A

elongation

46
Q

The _____ of palmitate produces palmitoleate

A

desaturation

47
Q

The _____ of stearate produces oleate

A

desaturation

48
Q

The _____ of stearate produces longer saturated fatty acids

A

elongation

49
Q

In plants, oleate undergoes desaturation to produce _____

A

linoleate

50
Q

Phospholipids containing arachidonate produce protaglandins which act to inhibit _______ _____.

A

Cycloxygenase activity (COX)

51
Q

Define the term mixed-function oxidase

A

when an enzyme oxidizes two different substrates simultaneously

52
Q

_____ and _____ share the same initial synthesis pathway that forms glycerol-3-phosphate

A

Triacylglycerols

Phospholipids

53
Q

_____________ may be formed by two different reactions

A

Glycerol-3-phosphate

54
Q

NADH is used to reduce dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol phosphate by the action of _____ _____ _____

A

Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase

Biochem 2 (7 decks)

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