Exam 4: Objectives (Abuse)

Question 1

List the signs of intoxication

Answer 1

1. Impaired judgement
2. Emotional instability
3. Nystagmus
4. Slurred Speech
5. Dilated pupils
6. Ataxia

Question 2

Name the Oral complications of Alcoholism

Answer 2

1. Glossitis
2. Loss of tongue papillae
3. Leukoplakia and ulceration of lateral borders of the tongue
4. Angular Cheilitis
5. Fungal infections
6. Oral cancer (Squamous cell)
7. Bleeding (from liver damage)

Question 3

What three things do you have caution with in patients who have addiction history

Answer 3

Opiates
Benzodiazepines
Nitrous oxide

• Could make a recovered patient with alcoholism relapse

Question 4

Describe the reasons why Elderly people are more sensitive to alcohol

Answer 4

1. Metabolize alcohol more slowly
2. Alcohol stays in body longer
3. Decreased body water = alcohol more concentrated
4. Aging lowers body’s tolerance

Question 5

List the considerations of alcohol use in older adults

Answer 5

1. Decreased body water and lean body mass = higher concentration of alcohol
2. Decline in liver and kidney function
3. Malnutrition/weight loss
4. Injuries/falls
5. Elderly more sensitive to effects of alcohol

Question 6

Consequences of Chronic alcoholism in elderly individuals

Answer 6

1. Biological brain disorder
2. Systemic health problems
3. Fatigue, weight loss (caused by systemic health problems)
4. Worsening of existing conditions
5. Psychological

Question 7

Chronic signs of alcoholism

Answer 7

1. Arrhythmias
2. Hypertension
3. Liver damage/cirrhosis (Bleeding)
4. Hepatitis
5. Cancer - Oropharyngeal/Liver
6. Peripheral neuropathy
7. Amnesic syndrome
8. Impotence

Question 8

Treatment for Alcoholism

Answer 8

1. Ventilation support
2. Fluids and electrolytes
3. Vitamin B6
4. Glucose
5. Sodium bicarbonate
6. Magnesium
7. disulfiram (Antabuse)

Question 9

List the dental treatment considerations for alcoholism

Answer 9

1. Poor oral hygiene from neglect
2. Bilateral enlarged parotid glands
3. Liver failure = causes increased risk for bleeding, including gingival bleeding
4. Ascites
5. Difficulty metabolizing drugs

Question 10

List the symptoms of overdose with CNS stimulants

Answer 10

1. Dilated pupils
2. Hypertension
3. Elevated pulse
   4 Cardiac arrhythmias
4. Extreme sweating
5. Hyperthermia = leads to brain damage, seizures, death
6. Hyperactive behavior
7. Tremors

Question 11

List the signs of acute opioid overdose

Answer 11

1. Fixed, pinpoint pupils (miosis)
2. Depressed respiration
3. Hypotension
4. Shock
5. Slow or absent reflexes
6. Drowsiness
7. Coma

Question 12

Signs of cocaine use

Answer 12

1. *Nasal bleeding/necrosis
2. *dilated pupils
3. *hypertension = never give epinephrine within 24 hours of cocaine use
4. Headache
5. Tremors
6. Alertness
7. Talkativeness
8. *Gingival recession, bleeding and alveolar bone necrosis in maxillary premolar area

Question 13

side effects of Ecstasy

Answer 13

• Later effects = fatigue and insomnia
• Tolerance –> need larger dose
• Hepatotoxic
• Long-term psychiatric problems
• Fatal

Question 14

List the clinical signs of methamphetamine use

Answer 14

1. Dilated pupils
2. Hypertension and tachycardia
3. Anorexia
4. Increased sweating
5. Moodiness
6. Xerostomia
7. Bruxism

Question 15

List attributes of Meth mouth

Answer 15

• Erosion of teeth
• Poor oral hygiene from neglect
• Caries from craving sweets and xerostomia
• Periodontal infection
• Bruxism
• Tissue damage
• Oral ulcerations and infections
• Oral burns

Question 16

**List the signs or symptoms of acute overdose of CNS Stimulants

Answer 16

1. Dilated pupils
2. Hypertension
3. Elevated pulse
4. Cardiac arrhythmias
5. Extreme sweating
6. Hyperthermia
7. Hyperactive behavior
8. Tremors