exam 4: middle childhood

Question 1

what are the growth patterns like in this period

Answer 1

5 cm in height per years, weight doubles

Question 2

when are boys normally taller than girls

Answer 2

9-10 years old

Question 3

what are the cause of obesity

Answer 3

genetics, family, peers, environment

Question 4

what happens with gross motor skills

Answer 4

steady improvement

Question 5

what is reaction time and how does it change

Answer 5

amount of time required to react to a stimuli, it improves in middle childhood which means it decreases

Question 6

what is adhd

Answer 6

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. characterized by inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity.

Question 7

causes of adhd

Answer 7

genetics in the brain chemical dopamine

Question 8

treatment of adhd

Answer 8

stimulants. it promotes the activity in the brain to arouse the executive centre. can also be non-medical and be behaviour modification shaping (promoting good behaviours with rewards). cognitive behavioural therapy replaces negatives thought by good ones.

Question 9

origins of dyslexia

Answer 9

genetics, problems of circulation of oxygen in the angular gyrus

Question 10

what is the concrete operations

Answer 10

3rd stage of Piaget’s theory, a time characterized by flexibility, reversible thought concerning tangible objects and events

Question 11

what is decentration

Answer 11

the ability to focus on more than one aspect of a problem

Question 12

what is conservation

Answer 12

they know that a loss in height compensates in gain of width for example

Question 13

what is transitivity

Answer 13

if A exceeds B, and B exceeds C, then A exceeds C

Question 14

class inclusion

Answer 14

intergrate new words i existing classes

Question 15

what did Kohlberg believe about moral development

Answer 15

values and the stage of cognitive development influence moral development. if the cognitive advances, so will the moral

Question 16

stages of development in Kohlberg’s theory

Answer 16

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Question 17

preconventional reasoning

Answer 17

obedience, consequences, he should not take it because he will go to jail

Question 18

conventional reasoning

Answer 18

social approval, law and order. people with authority around them

Question 19

postconventional reasoning

Answer 19

legalistic, universal ethical principles, there would be chaos if people all started doing that. person’s own moral standard

Question 20

what is selective attention

Answer 20

selectively attend while ignoring distractions

Question 21

what is sensory memory

Answer 21

when a memory is first encountered, memory is maintained for a fraction of second. if we don’t focus on the memory, we won’t remember it

Question 22

what is rehearsing

Answer 22

repetition that aids in recall

Question 23

what is elaborative strategy

Answer 23

relating new information to existing one for retention

Question 24

what is metacognition

Answer 24

awareness and control of own cognitive abilities. you know you need to study more for a certain test

Question 25

what is metamemory

Answer 25

knowledge of the function and processes involved in one’s storage and retrieval of information

Question 26

what is Sterneberg’s theory of intelligence

Answer 26

3 types: analytical intelligence (academics), creative intelligence (learn from experience), practical intelligence (street smart)

Question 27

what is Goleman’s theory on intelligence

Answer 27

emotional intelligence. understanding one’s own emotions or the others’.

Question 28

what are some of Gardner’s intelligences

Answer 28

verbal ability, logical-mathematical, spatial, kinesthetic, musical, personal knowledge, interpersonal

Question 29

what is the scale of Stanford-Binet

Answer 29

believed the older you got the smarter you get. the IQ is the relationship between the mental age (intellectual level at which child is functioning), and chronological age (actual age)

Question 30

what is the word-recognition method

Answer 30

learn words through repeated exposure

Question 31

what is the phonetic method

Answer 31

decode the sounds with letters they already know

Question 32

what is reciprocal determinism

Answer 32

interplay between one’s personality, environment, and behaviour

Question 33

what is social cognition

Answer 33

understanding of the relationship between oneself and others