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Child psych > Exam 1 (chap 1, 2, 3A) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (chap 1, 2, 3A) Flashcards

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1
Q

who thought children were blank slates

A

John Locke

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2
Q

who argued children were inherently good

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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3
Q

who founded child development as an academic discipline

A

Stanley Hall

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4
Q

what is developmental psychology

A

biological, psychological, and sociocultural study of the development across the lifespan

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5
Q

what are challenges and changes caused by

A

maturation and learning processes

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6
Q

who thought the main principle of development is maturation

A

Gesell

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7
Q

what theories are part of the psychodynamic/psychoanalytic point of view

A

Freud’s psychosexual approach and Erikson’s psychosocial approach

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8
Q

what is the psychosexual approach

A

there are 5 stages to development. if a child does not receive enough gratification at one stage, he stays there

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9
Q

what are the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual approach

A
  1. oral (0-1) - sucking, biting. a kid who breastfeeds for too long my stay there and start smoking or nail biting later on
  2. anal (1-3) - potty training
  3. phallic stage (3-6) - sexual attachment to parents
  4. latent stage (6-ado) - pretty much nothing happening
  5. genital (ado) - seeking sexual experience
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10
Q

what are the stages in the psychosocial approach named after

A

life crises

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11
Q

stages in erikson’s theory

A
  1. trust vs mistrust (0-1)
  2. autonomy vs doubt (1-3)
  3. initiative vs guilt (3-6)
  4. industry vs inferiority (6-ado)
  5. identity vs identity crisis (ado)
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12
Q

who founded classical conditioning and what is it

A

Pavlov (learning by associations (salivating dog))

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13
Q

who founded operant conditioning and what is it

A

skinner. punishment and reinforcements

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14
Q

who founded the social cognitive theory and what is it

A

Bandura. learning by observing

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15
Q

what is cognitive theory

A

developing memory, language…

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16
Q

Piaget’s cognitive theories

A
  1. sensorimotor (birth-2) - senses and motor
  2. preoperational (2-6) - self-centred individuals
  3. concrete operational (7-11) - logical individuals
  4. formal operational (12+) - abstract
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17
Q

two theories in biological perspective

A

maturational theory (Gessell) and Ethological theory (Lorenz)

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18
Q

Gessell’s maturational theory

A

natural unfolding of the biological plan

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19
Q

Lorenz ethological theory

A

behaviours have survival value (inherited)
critical periods, imprinting, attachment

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20
Q

two theories in the contextual perspective

A

sociocultural theory (vugotsky) and ecological theory (bronfenbrenner)

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21
Q

vugotsky’s sociocultural theory

A

adults teach culture

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22
Q

bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory

A

multiple systems teach culture

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23
Q

strenghts of surveys

A

time efficient, cost efficient, large sample

24
Q

weaknesses of surveys

A

memory, honesty, prediction

25
Q

observational experiments two type

A

naturalistic vs structured

26
Q

strenghts of observation

A

don’t need to rely on self-report, natural behaviour

27
Q

weaknesses of observation

A

can’t study rare or private behaviour, time consuming

28
Q

longitudinal studies

A

one age group through multiple years

29
Q

cross-sectional studies

A

multiple ages tested at once

30
Q

sequential studies

A

multiple age groups tested multiple times

31
Q

what is heredity

A

the transmission of genetic material from one generation to another

32
Q

what are epigenetics

A

experiences can affect genetic expression

33
Q

what is a genotype

A

our genes, all genetic material

34
Q

what is phenotype

A

our features (physical, personality, social). genes + environment

35
Q

what is a gene

A

a pair of allele

36
Q

what is homozygous

A

identical alleles

37
Q

what is heterozygous

A

different alleles

38
Q

what is incomplete dominance with example

A

environmental things make allele more quiet
ex: sickle cell trait. healthy is dominant, but in low oxygen, it changes and can have problems

39
Q

what is monozygotic vs dizygotic

A

m= identical d=fraternal

40
Q

inherited disorders from single gene (usually need 2 alleles recessive)

A

albinism
Tay-Sachs
PKU
Cystic fibrosis

41
Q

inherited disorder with only one allele

A

Huntington’s

42
Q

chromosonal abnormalities

A

too many on 21=down syndrome

43
Q

sex-linked abnormalities

A

hemophilia or colour blindness

44
Q

the 3 stages of prenatal development

A
  1. zygotic (1-2 weeks)
  2. embryotic (3-8 weeks)
  3. fetal (9-38 weeks)
45
Q

what happens in the zygotic stage

A

egg is fertalized in the fallopian tube, rapid cell division, zygote implanted in uterus wall

46
Q

what happens in the embryotic stage

A

body parts are formed, embryo in amniotic sac, umbelical cord joins embryo to placenta

47
Q

what happens in fetal stage

A

increase in size and system function

48
Q

age of viability for a fetus

A

22 to 28 weeks

49
Q

risk factors in pregnancy

A

nutrition, stress, mother’s age, teratogens (agents disrupting), drugs, environmental hazards

50
Q

what can be done to detect prenatal diagnosis

A

blood tests, ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling (needle in placenta) (8 weeks), amniocentesis (fluid in amniotic sac) (16 weeks)

51
Q

3 stages of labour

A
  1. uterus contracts, cervix enlarges, 12-24 hours, painful
  2. baby pushed down the birth canal, baby is born. about an hour
  3. placenta is expelled, 10-15 minutes
52
Q

what are some birth complications

A

lack of 02 for baby, placenta abruption, premature

53
Q

what is small-for-date

A

baby low birthweight

54
Q

what does the apgar test asses

A

activity, pulse, grimace, skin (colour), breathing

55
Q

the 4 primary states of baby

A

alert inactivity, waking activity, crying, sleeping

56
Q

what happens when mom has postpardum depression

A

children are at risk of depression and behavioural problems because of the lack of warmth and enthusiasm

57
Q

reproductive technique

A

tube baby (not a lot of success, expensive, chance of twins or triplets)

Child psych (5 decks)

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