exam 3: early childhood

Question 1

what happens to weight and height in early childhood

Answer 1

it slows down. the fat is lost and the proportions change

Question 2

what happens to the brain in early childhood

Answer 2

rapid growth in size
continuing myelination
plasticity
left vs right brain

Question 3

what happens to teeth in early childhood

Answer 3

20 primary teeth by the age of 3. tooth fairy

Question 4

what’s the role of nature and nurture in developing gross and fine motor skills

Answer 4

nurture: how we encourage young children to do certain activities.

Question 5

what possible challenges and strenghts are lefties associated with

Answer 5

challenges: high blood pressure, epilepsy
strenghts: math, athletics, musical and artistic

Question 6

what happens with nutrition in early childhood

Answer 6

picky eaters because they need less calories per kg

Question 7

what is the phenomenon called generation XL and its causes

Answer 7

child obesity has tripled since the 80’s.
- healthy food is expensive, unhealthy is not
- Both parents work leaving less time for them to prepare a good meal
- Grocery store display
- Not moving as much. “Play” is on technology
- Too much homework

Question 8

what are some factors to consider when looking at obesity in Canada

Answer 8

genetics, regional differences, socio-economic status, culture, and precipitating events like divorce

Question 9

what is nurturing in a healthy nutrition

Answer 9

make healthy food fun, involve the child, be a good role model

Question 10

how do sleep patterns change in early childhood

Answer 10

sleep decreases
napping eliminated
bed time struggles

Question 11

what are some sleep disturbances in early childhood

Answer 11

nightmares/terrors
bedwetting
sleep walking

Question 12

what is enuresis

Answer 12

lack of control over the blatter. more difficult during the night.

Question 13

what is encopresis

Answer 13

lack of control over bowels.

Question 14

what can be the nature and nurture causes of encopresis

Answer 14

nature: constipation
nurture: anxiety/stress

Question 15

what stage of Piaget’s theory is early childhood in?

Answer 15

preoperational

Question 16

what are 5 things happening in the preoperational stage

Answer 16

egocentrism
appearance-reality
theory of mind
centration
biological theories

Question 17

what is egocentrism

Answer 17

unable to understand other’s perspectives and emotions. hide and seek example

Question 18

what is appearance-reality

Answer 18

children judge by what they see. that’s why they are scared on Halloween

Question 19

what is centration

Answer 19

the child focuses on one aspect of the problem. they ignore all the other relevant aspects. examples: lunch lady at the grocery store, liquid amount in different shaped glasses

Question 20

what is theory of mind

Answer 20

relation between mind and behaviour. other’s feelings, mental states, beliefs

Question 21

why does the theory of mind appear only at the end of the stage

Answer 21

because a child has to become less egocentric

Question 22

what happens with memory and attention in early childhood

Answer 22

attention span increases and autobiographical memory begins

Question 23

what happens with language in early childhood

Answer 23

grammar explosion. taking turns in conversation, pragmatic, overregulation

Question 24

what is overregularization in language

Answer 24

adding s in “mouses” or adding ed to “eated”

Question 25

how children acquire language nature vs nurture

Answer 25

nature: inborn neural circuits, brain specialization, critical period in the first year
nurture: classical/operant conditioning, cognitive theory, socio-cultural theory

Question 26

what does a warm-cold parent do with their child

Answer 26

they are affectionate, caring, supportive, express their love to the child, less likely to physically discipline

Question 27

what does a restrictive-permissive parent do

Answer 27

few feelings of love, complain about child’s behvaiour

Question 28

4 styles of parenting and their control & warmth

Answer 28

authoritative: control Î warmth Î
rejecting: control v warmth v
authoritarian: control Î warmth v
permissive: control v warmth Î

Question 29

what is a positive and a negative reinforcement

Answer 29

positive: give something pleasant
negative: remove someting unplesant

Question 30

what is positive and negative punishment

Answer 30

positive: give something unpleasant
negative: remove something pleasant

Question 31

factors to consider when giving a punishment

Answer 31

age, punishment fits the crime, preventive measures, is the behaviour really misbehaviour