Exam 4 (look over exams 1-3) Flashcards
1
Q
- What causes the sad fisherman we discussed in the water pollution lecture?
A
a. He can’t fish because he has hypoxia
2
Q
- You have established a new aquarium in your apartment. Why is it important to have a biofilter in the tank?
A
a. The biofilter is embedded with bacteria that get rid of ammonia and nitrite, which are harmful wastes.
3
Q
- The higher the BOD:
A
a. The greater the likelihood DO will be depleted
4
Q
- Which one of the following is most likely a source of point source pollution?
A
a. Factories
5
Q
- The dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is primarily the result of
A
a. nonpoint sources of pollutants.
6
Q
- This a characteristic of a eutrophic system:
A
a. Accumulation of detritus of dead algae
7
Q
- Which one of the following statements is NOT true?
A
a. The BOD for raw sewage is 2 parts per million (ppm)
8
Q
- (1)___ water pollution is easy to track (and assign blame to its perpetrators), whereas (2)___ water pollution is difficult to track and often caused by large numbers of people.
A
a. (1) point source, (2) non-point source
9
Q
- Which statement regarding non-point source water pollution is NOT true?
A
a. The best way to reduce nonpoint pollution is by treating the pollution at its source
10
Q
- Which one of the following best describes the process of eutrophication?
A
a. Nutrients pollute a body of water –> photosynthetic organisms increase –> photosynthetic organisms overgrow and die –> bacteria degrade dead and dying plants –> bacteria consume oxygen via cellular respiration –> hypoxic conditions result –> there is no dissolved oxygen in the body of water.
11
Q
- The process where nutrient enrichment allows rapid growth of phytoplankton is called:
A
b. Eutrophication
12
Q
- In 2007, heavy rains accompanied an outbreak of cholera in children living in war-torn Iraq. What was the likely cause of the spread of this disease?
A
c. Pollution of waterways by raw sewage
13
Q
- A measure of the amount of organic material in water, stated in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down is called:
A
B. Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
14
Q
- Anaerobic conditions will most likely be generated in a natural water system with
A
C. low levels of DO that is contaminated by pollutants with high BOD values.
15
Q
- Why is leachate in landfills a problem?
A
a. It can carry contaminants from the trash into the surrounding environment
16
Q
- With respect to the plastic identification code on plastic bottles, which one of the following statements is true?
A
a. In general, the higher the number, the longer it takes to break down and the more times the material can be reused
17
Q
- In the U.S., the two top components of municipal solid waste are:
A
a. Paper and food waste
18
Q
- The liquid that drains from a landfill that contains dissolved and suspended materials is called:
A
a. Leachate
19
Q
- What percentage of the waste generated in the U.S. is recycled?
A
a. Only 30%
20
Q
- Which one of the following is NOT a major environmental problem associated with landfills?
A
a. CO2 production
21
Q
- We know that paper products make up the largest proportion of municipal solid waste. What comes in 2nd, and how might we decrease this proportion?
A
a. Food wastes; most of our food wastes, such as banana peels, can be easily composted instead of filling landfills.
22
Q
- Municipal solid waste is predominantly ___.
A
a. Paper
23
Q
- ‘Midnight dumping of hazardous wastes and abandoning properties where wastes are stored once led to locations called ___.
A
a. Orphan sites
24
Q
- In 2016, the average person in the U.S. produced ____ pounds of municipal solid waste per day.
A
a. 4.5
25
11. With respect to the length of time it takes various things to naturally biodegrade in the ocean, which one of the following is the best single-use option if you suspect the waste is going to end up in the ocean?
a. Paper towel
26
12. What are problems related to landfills as discussed in class?
a. Leachate, methane production, incomplete decomposition, settling
27
13.Which one of the following does municipal solid waste NOT include
a. human solid waste
28
14. Municipal solid waste and Recycling: PETE (code 1) and HDPE (code 2) plastics
a. Can be recycled and made into many useful products.
29
1. Your Uncle Boudreaux has been diagnosed with lung cancer, but he never smoked and never spent much time around secondhand smoke. He used to work for the Wheeze Construction Company for about 20 years. What xenobiotic has he most likely been exposed to?
. Asbestos
30
2. Your friend Jamie, who grew up in a very old white house that was last painted when Harry Truman was president, in 1950, has just found out she is 6 months pregnant. And lately she has started complaining about being cold all the time. What toxin has she most likely been exposed to, and how do you know?
a. Lead because old houses used lead paint, and lead causes anemia when a woman gets pregnant.
31
3. Which one of the following is NOT an acute result of exposure to air pollutants?
a. Lung cancer
32
4. What is NOT true about Superfund sites?
a. There are no Superfund sites in Louisiana
33
5. Why did the Cuyahoga River catch fire in the 1960s?
a. It contained large amounts of flammable waste
34
6. Bisphenol A (BPA), a common component of plastics in bottles and can liners
a. mimics estrogen and can potentially cause disruption of human reproduction and development
35
7. The buildup of certain substances in the bodies of organisms at higher trophic levels is called:
a. Biomagnification
36
8. Which of the following is false about PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)?
a. Since PCBs were banned in the U.S. in 1979, you cannot get exposed to PCBs unless you eat fish
37
9. Decades ago, in the 1960s and 1970s, sites where companies that were paid to dispose of hazardous waste sometimes went out of business and left the location behind were called ___.
a. Superfund sites
38
10. Developing skin cancer on one's face after a 20-second exposure to radioactivity 20 years ago is an example of ___.
a. Chronic effects from an acute exposure
39
11. Which of the following is NOT a factor used to describe a hazardous material?
a. Transportability
40
12. When exposure to a substance is below the threshold level, we expect to see
a. No ill effects
41
13. You have a classmate named Takahashi 69 who attended a shrimp boil during Mardi Gras year. Lately, over the past few weeks or so, he has developed a numb tongue and difficulty swallowing, and he keeps stubbing his toes against the furniture and falling. His cat has also begun to act strangely. What toxin was your classmate most likely exposed to?
a. Methyl mercury
42
14. Your 55-year-old Granny Bertha has worked at the Chevron gas station for 30 years. In the last few years, she has begun to shrink (she used to be 5' 5'''' and is now 4' 11''''), and now she thinks she is pregnant. You are going to have an aunt or uncle who is younger than you are. Unfortunately, she will have complications with her pregnancy (specifically difficulty generating new blood) because she has most likely been exposed to ___.
D. lead
43
15. What is not true about lead?
D. The decrease in lead emissions in the U.S. cannot be attributed to Clean Air Act policies
44
16. The level below which there are no ill effects, but above which there are ill effects is called:
a. Threshold-middle spot
45
1. How does tributyltin impact the animals described in the Kannan paper?
a. It reduces their immune system functions.
46
2. The beached dolphins and whales mapped in Figure 1 of the Kannan paper most likely died of ___.
a. Microbial infections
47
3. What is NOT a conclusion from the Kannan's paper?
a. BT compounds have contributed to improve the immune system of bottlenose dolphins
48
4. Between 1989 and 1994, there was a decrease in butyltin concentrations in bottlenose dolphins. What was the most likely reason for this?
a. The Organotin Paint Control Act limited the use of TBT in antifouling paints in 1988.
49
5. With respect to the health of the environment, which one of the following would be an advantage of using antifouling agents?
a. Less fossil fuel use resulting from less drag and more efficient transit of ships through water
50
6. With respect to the Kannan paper, what was the difference between biomagnification and bioaccumulation?
a. Biomagnification would be the result of the dolphins eating shrimp that had eaten TBT-contaminated plankton, and bioaccumulation would be the result of a build-up of TBT in the fatty tissues of the dolphins.
51
7. What concepts were discussed in Kannan’s paper on the effects tributyltin and its breakdown products on bottlenose dolphins?
a. Biofouling, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification
52
1. Rivers (or tributaries) from ___ of the 48 contiguous United States contribute water to
the Mississippi River?
a. 31
53
2. What is not true about wetlands?
a. Wetlands contribute to pollution by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus
54
3. The Mississippi River, as it flows past downtown Baton Rouge, is fed by ___.
D. tributaries in 31 of the 48 contiguous states
55
4. What is not true about sediments?
a. Dams do not affect the flow of sediments
56
5. Let's say a creek is on average 4' 7'' (4 ft. 7 in.) wide and 16' 3'' deep. You drop a leaf in it, and it travels 25 feet in 16 seconds. The cross-sectional area of the stream is (1)___. The velocity of the leaf (and by association, the velocity of the water) is (2)___. The stream flow rate of the creek is (3)___.
(1) 74.4 ft^2, (2) 1.56 ft per sec, (3) 116 CFS
57
6. What is a watershed?
A. The area of land where all of the water that is on it drains off or goes to the same place
58
7. What is the difference between a coastal wetland and an inland wetland?
a. Coastal wetlands are usually located near saltwater and inland wetlands near freshwater
59
8. A (1) ___ is a wetland that can be fresh or saltwater and is dominated by grasses with no trees, and a (2) ___ is a wetland that can be inland or coastal and is characterized by tall woody trees
C. (1) marsh, (2), swamp
60
9. How would one describe a marsh?
C. a poorly drained low-lying area dominated by short bushes and grasses.
61
10. What percentage of existing wetlands is currently being protected?
C. About one fourth of them.
62
1. Recycler and mushroom grower Crouch receives approximately ___ lb of stable
bedding per year.
a. 10,800,000
63
2.What LEED level did the Thrashers achieve with their structures in Anna Maria Island,
FL?
a. Platinum
64
3. AMI Outfitters and The Thrashers in Historic Green Village used ___ lighting in their
store.
a. LED
65
4. By collecting rainwater and storing it in bladders under the patio of one of the village buildings and then using it to flush toilets, they reduced water usage inside the building by ___
a. 0.9
66
1. What is not true about GDP?
a. It measures true economic progress, as environmental and social costs are included
67
2. In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. The preparation and publication of the book Silent Spring represented which stage of the policy life cycle
a. Recognition
68
3. The World Bank (initially) and measures of GDP did not include the economic value of…
c. ecosystem services such as the breakdown of wastes, climate regulation, and oxygen
production
69
4. Which stage of the policy life cycle has the highest amount of political involvement (1), and which one has the highest amount of disagreement about what exactly the problem is (2)?
C. (1) implementation (2) recognition
70
5. Which one of the following is NOT one of the 3 types of capital used to determine a nation's wealth?
A. Gross capital
71
6. This is not a consequence of growing global economy:
D. Shorter lives
72
7. We would expect that in a community with mounting air and water pollution problems, the
a. Economy of the region would decline
73
8. Given the eventual ban to DDT, the late 1960s most likely represented which stage of the policy life cycle?
C. Formulation
74
9. Which of the following most accurately indicates the recent changes that have occurred in China?
D. As the Chinese economy has grown, industrial pollution and literacy have increased while poverty and public health have declined
75
10. Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?
B. Coal and oil reserves
76
11. What is the difference between the classical view of economic activity and an ecological economist’s view of economic activity?
B. The classical view dictates that land, labor, and capital are used to produce goods and services, and these products are sold to consumers; the ecological economist’s view dictates that the natural environment encompasses the economy and that without the environment, the economy does not exist.
77
12. There are 3 types of capital that determine a nation’s wealth. A municipal water treatment plant is an example of _____ capital, while the internet is an example of ____ capital.
a. Produced; intangible.
78
13. The 3 types of capital that determine a nation's wealth are ___, ___, and ___.
a. produced, natural, and intangible
79
14. Today, DDT is no longer used in the United States because it is banned by law. At this point the issue has reached the
a. Control stage because of a command and control strategy
80
4. The liquid that drains from a landfill that contains dissolved and suspended materials is called:
a. Leachate
81
5. What percentage of the waste generated in the U.S. is recycled?
a. Only 30%
82
6. Which one of the following is NOT a major environmental problem associated with landfills?
a. CO2 production
83
7. We know that paper products make up the largest proportion of municipal solid waste. What comes in 2nd, and how might we decrease this proportion?
a. Food wastes; most of our food wastes, such as banana peels, can be easily composted instead of filling landfills.
84
8. Municipal solid waste is predominantly ___.
a. Paper
85
9. 'Midnight dumping of hazardous wastes and abandoning properties where wastes are stored once led to locations called ___.
a. Orphan sites
86
10. In 2016, the average person in the U.S. produced ____ pounds of municipal solid waste per day.
a. 4.5
87
11. With respect to the length of time it takes various things to naturally biodegrade in the ocean, which one of the following is the best single-use option if you suspect the waste is going to end up in the ocean?
a. Paper towel
88
12. What are problems related to landfills as discussed in class?
a. Leachate, methane production, incomplete decomposition, settling
89
13.Which one of the following does municipal solid waste NOT include
a. human solid waste
90
14. Municipal solid waste and Recycling: PETE (code 1) and HDPE (code 2) plastics
a. Can be recycled and made into many useful products.
91
1. Your Uncle Boudreaux has been diagnosed with lung cancer, but he never smoked and never spent much time around secondhand smoke. He used to work for the Wheeze Construction Company for about 20 years. What xenobiotic has he most likely been exposed to?
. Asbestos
92
2. Your friend Jamie, who grew up in a very old white house that was last painted when Harry Truman was president, in 1950, has just found out she is 6 months pregnant. And lately she has started complaining about being cold all the time. What toxin has she most likely been exposed to, and how do you know?
a. Lead because old houses used lead paint, and lead causes anemia when a woman gets pregnant.
93
3. Which one of the following is NOT an acute result of exposure to air pollutants?
a. Lung cancer
94
4. What is NOT true about Superfund sites?
a. There are no Superfund sites in Louisiana
95
5. Why did the Cuyahoga River catch fire in the 1960s?
a. It contained large amounts of flammable waste
96
6. Bisphenol A (BPA), a common component of plastics in bottles and can liners
a. mimics estrogen and can potentially cause disruption of human reproduction and development
97
7. The buildup of certain substances in the bodies of organisms at higher trophic levels is called:
a. Biomagnification
98
8. Which of the following is false about PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)?
a. Since PCBs were banned in the U.S. in 1979, you cannot get exposed to PCBs unless you eat fish
99
9. Decades ago, in the 1960s and 1970s, sites where companies that were paid to dispose of hazardous waste sometimes went out of business and left the location behind were called ___.
a. Superfund sites
100
10. Developing skin cancer on one's face after a 20-second exposure to radioactivity 20 years ago is an example of ___.
a. Chronic effects from an acute exposure
101
11. Which of the following is NOT a factor used to describe a hazardous material?
a. Transportability
102
12. When exposure to a substance is below the threshold level, we expect to see
a. No ill effects
103
13. You have a classmate named Takahashi 69 who attended a shrimp boil during Mardi Gras year. Lately, over the past few weeks or so, he has developed a numb tongue and difficulty swallowing, and he keeps stubbing his toes against the furniture and falling. His cat has also begun to act strangely. What toxin was your classmate most likely exposed to?
a. Methyl mercury
104
14. Your 55-year-old Granny Bertha has worked at the Chevron gas station for 30 years. In the last few years, she has begun to shrink (she used to be 5' 5'''' and is now 4' 11''''), and now she thinks she is pregnant. You are going to have an aunt or uncle who is younger than you are. Unfortunately, she will have complications with her pregnancy (specifically difficulty generating new blood) because she has most likely been exposed to ___.
D. lead
105
15. What is not true about lead?
D. The decrease in lead emissions in the U.S. cannot be attributed to Clean Air Act policies.
106
16. The level below which there are no ill effects, but above which there are ill effects is called:
a. Threshold-middle spot
107
1. How does tributyltin impact the animals described in the Kannan paper?
a. It reduces their immune system functions.
108
2. The beached dolphins and whales mapped in Figure 1 of the Kannan paper most likely died of ___.
a. Microbial infections
109
3. What is NOT a conclusion from the Kannan's paper?
a. BT compounds have contributed to improve the immune system of bottlenose dolphins
110
4. Between 1989 and 1994, there was a decrease in butyltin concentrations in bottlenose dolphins. What was the most likely reason for this?
a. The Organotin Paint Control Act limited the use of TBT in antifouling paints in 1988.
111
5. With respect to the health of the environment, which one of the following would be an advantage of using antifouling agents?
a. Less fossil fuel use resulting from less drag and more efficient transit of ships through water
112
6. With respect to the Kannan paper, what was the difference between biomagnification and bioaccumulation?
a. Biomagnification would be the result of the dolphins eating shrimp that had eaten TBT-contaminated plankton, and bioaccumulation would be the result of a build-up of TBT in the fatty tissues of the dolphins.
113
7. What concepts were discussed in Kannan’s paper on the effects tributyltin and its breakdown products on bottlenose dolphins?
a. Biofouling, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification
114
1. Rivers (or tributaries) from ___ of the 48 contiguous United States contribute water to
the Mississippi River?
a. 31
115
2. What is not true about wetlands?
a. Wetlands contribute to pollution by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus
116
3. The Mississippi River, as it flows past downtown Baton Rouge, is fed by ___.
D. tributaries in 31 of the 48 contiguous states
117
4. What is not true about sediments?
a. Dams do not affect the flow of sediments
118
5. Let's say a creek is on average 4' 7'' (4 ft. 7 in.) wide and 16' 3'' deep. You drop a leaf in it, and it travels 25 feet in 16 seconds. The cross-sectional area of the stream is (1)___. The velocity of the leaf (and by association, the velocity of the water) is (2)___. The stream flow rate of the creek is (3)___.
A. (1) 74.4 ft^2, (2) 1.56 ft per sec, (3) 116 CFS
119
6. What is a watershed?
A. The area of land where all of the water that is on it drains off or goes to the same place
120
7. What is the difference between a coastal wetland and an inland wetland?
a. Coastal wetlands are usually located near saltwater and inland wetlands near freshwater
121
8. A (1) ___ is a wetland that can be fresh or saltwater and is dominated by grasses with no trees, and a (2) ___ is a wetland that can be inland or coastal and is characterized by tall woody trees
C. (1) marsh, (2), swamp
122
9. How would one describe a marsh?
C. a poorly drained low-lying area dominated by short bushes and grasses.
123
10. What percentage of existing wetlands is currently being protected?
C. About one fourth of them.
124
1. Recycler and mushroom grower Crouch receives approximately ___ lb of stable
bedding per year.
a. 10,800,000
125
2.What LEED level did the Thrashers achieve with their structures in Anna Maria Island,
FL?
a. Platinum
126
3. AMI Outfitters and The Thrashers in Historic Green Village used ___ lighting in their
store.
a. LED
127
4. By collecting rainwater and storing it in bladders under the patio of one of the village buildings and then using it to flush toilets, they reduced water usage inside the building by ___
a. 0.9
128
1. What is not true about GDP?
a. It measures true economic progress, as environmental and social costs are included
129
2. In 1962, Rachel Carson published the book Silent Spring, documenting the devastating effects of pesticides, including DDT, on birds and other organisms in our natural environments. In the years that followed, new laws and regulations were adopted that banned the use of DDT in 1972 in the United States. The preparation and publication of the book Silent Spring represented which stage of the policy life cycle?
a. Recognition
130
3. The World Bank (initially) and measures of GDP did not include the economic value of...
c. ecosystem services such as the breakdown of wastes, climate regulation, and oxygen
production
131
4. Which stage of the policy life cycle has the highest amount of political involvement (1), and which one has the highest amount of disagreement about what exactly the problem is (2)?
C. (1) implementation (2) recognition
132
5. Which one of the following is NOT one of the 3 types of capital used to determine a nation's wealth?
A. Gross capital
133
6. This is not a consequence of growing global economy:
D. Shorter lives
134
7. We would expect that in a community with mounting air and water pollution problems, the
a. Economy of the region would decline
135
8. Given the eventual ban to DDT, the late 1960s most likely represented which stage of the policy life cycle?
C. Formulation
136
9. Which of the following most accurately indicates the recent changes that have occurred in China?
D. As the Chinese economy has grown, industrial pollution and literacy have increased while poverty and public health have declined
137
10. Which of the following is part of natural capital but not ecosystem capital?
B. Coal and oil reserves
138
11. What is the difference between the classical view of economic activity and an ecological economist’s view of economic activity?
B. The classical view dictates that land, labor, and capital are used to produce goods and services, and these products are sold to consumers; the ecological economist’s view dictates that the natural environment encompasses the economy and that without the environment, the economy does not exist.
139
12. There are 3 types of capital that determine a nation’s wealth. A municipal water treatment plant is an example of _____ capital, while the internet is an example of ____ capital.
a. Produced; intangible.
140
13. The 3 types of capital that determine a nation's wealth are ___, ___, and ___.
a. produced, natural, and intangible
141
14. Today, DDT is no longer used in the United States because it is banned by law. At this point the issue has reached the
a. Control stage because of a command and control strategy
