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envs 1126 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

A

sublimation

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2
Q

The change from a gas to a liquid

A

condensation

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3
Q

The change from a liquid to a gas

A

evaporation

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4
Q

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

A

solvent

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5
Q

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

A

solute

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6
Q

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight => Oxygen + Glucose

A

photosynthesis

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7
Q

Oxygen + Glucose => Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (energy)

A

cellular respiration

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8
Q

A group of members of the same species living in an area. ex: only grey wolves in Yellowstone

A

population

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9
Q

The different kinds of living things in a community that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. ex: all grey wolves in the world

A

species

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10
Q

An interactive complex of communities and the abiotic environment affecting them within an area

A

ecosystem

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide absorbs infrared (heat) energy radiated from Earth’s surface, which warms the lower atmosphere

A

greenhouse effect

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12
Q

Variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part

A

biodiversity

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13
Q

Living factors in an environment.

A

biotic

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14
Q

Non-living factors in an environment.

A

abiotic

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15
Q

A transitional region between ecosystems that shares species and characteristics of both.

A

ecotone

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16
Q

A certain level where organisms grow or survive best

A

optimal range

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17
Q

The entire range allowing any growth

A

range of tolerance

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18
Q

Factors that interact to cause a greater effect than expected

A

synergy

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19
Q

Two or more atoms of the same or different kinds

A

molecule

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20
Q

Two or more different kinds of atoms

A

compound

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21
Q

The building blocks of all matter

A

atom

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22
Q

Composed of matter that is alive or was once alive. Contains carbon

A

organic

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23
Q

Organisms that make high-potential-energy organic molecules from low-potential-energy raw materials

A

producers

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24
Q

Organisms that live on the production of others. They obtain energy by feeding on and breaking down organic matter made by producers

A

consumers

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25
Q

Change in population (can be either percentage of change, or numbers of individuals added or removed)

A

population growth

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26
Q

Migration to a new location

A

immigration

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27
Q

Migration from a location

A

emigration

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28
Q

The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area

A

birth rate

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29
Q

The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time.

A

death rate

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30
Q

The amount the population has changed divided by the time it had to change.

A

growth rate

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31
Q

The average number of kids each woman has over her lifetime

A

total fertility rate

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32
Q

Curve showing continued growth explosion due to unlimited resources (exponential growth)

A

J curve

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33
Q

Curve showing logistic growth in which population growth levels off at the populations carrying capacity

A

S curve

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34
Q

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

A

carrying capacity

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35
Q

One way that humans have increased their carrying capacity

A

technology

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36
Q

The number of offspring produced under ideal situations

A

biotic potential

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37
Q

The biotic and abiotic factors that may limit a population’s increase

A

environmental resistance

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38
Q

Survival through the early growth stages to become part of the breeding population

A

recruitment

39
Q

Organisms that produce lots of young but leave their survival up to nature

A

R strategist

40
Q

Organisms that care for the young they produce

A

K strategist

41
Q

Control of a population by predation

A

top-down control

42
Q

Control of a population that occurs as a result of scarcity of resource

A

bottom-up control

43
Q

Interaction among species where one organism is harmed and one is helped. Ex: Wolf eating rabbit

A

predation

44
Q

Interaction among species where both species are harmed. Ex: two rabbits eating the same grass

A

competition

45
Q

Competition between different species

A

inter-species competition

46
Q

Competition between the same species

A

intra-species competition

47
Q

An arrangement between two species where both benefit. Ex: bees pollinating plants

A

mutualism

48
Q

One species benefits while the other is unaffected. Ex: buffalo stir up insects for birds to eat

A

commensalism

49
Q

Two species live close to each other and can be beneficial or harmful

A

symbiosis

50
Q

The organism that does the feeding on prey

A

predator

51
Q

The organism that is fed upon by a predator

A

prey

52
Q

The organism that is fed upon by a parasite

A

host

53
Q

An organism that attaches itself to another organism (the host), feeding on it over a period of time without immediately killing it, although it usually harms the host in some way

A

parasite

54
Q

Species that play a crucial role in maintaining an ecosystem’s biotic structure by moderating other species that would take over and allowing other less-competitive species to flourish

A

keystone species

55
Q

Bacteria and viruses that cause disease

A

pathogen

56
Q

The status of an organism within its environmental community

A

niche

57
Q

The division of a resource and specialization in different parts of it

A

resource partitioning

58
Q

A species that outcompetes a native species for food, space, predation, and other resources.

A

invasive species

59
Q

Consumption of a diet consisting predominantly of plant foods.

A

vegetarianism

60
Q

Each step in a food chain or food web

A

trophic level

61
Q

high-income nations

A

developed country

62
Q

middle and low-income nations

A

developing country

63
Q

The amount of money a country makes

A

income

64
Q

Equals population X affluence and consumption X technology. (I = PAT)

A

environmental impact

65
Q

wealth of a country

A

affluence

66
Q

Affects environmental impact by improving well being and minimizing degradation

A

technology

67
Q

Way to moderate environmental impact by responsibly caring for it as humans.

A

stewardship

68
Q

The process of initial invasion and progression from one biotic community to another in an area lacking plants and soil. Ex: moss on bare rock

A

primary succession

69
Q

An area cleared by some disturbance and reinvaded by plants and animals from surrounding areas. Starts with preexisting soil. Ex: plants growing after a fire

A

secondary succession

70
Q

A significant change that kills or displaces many community members

A

disturbance

71
Q

Any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile.

A

fertilizer

72
Q

Cycle of nutrients in the environment being replenished through the breakdown of organic compounds.

A

nutrient cycling

73
Q

The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again

A

carbon cycle

74
Q

The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere

A

nitrogen cycle

75
Q

Decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels.

A

ocean acidification

76
Q

Measures the amount of charged hydrogen particles. Runs from 0 (acid) to 14 (base)

A

pH scale

77
Q

Other forms of nitrogen that can be used by organisms

A

reactive nitrogen

78
Q

Type of nitrogen that cannot be used by most organisms

A

non-reactive nitrogen

79
Q

Process that makes atmospheric nitrogen usable

A

nitrogen fixation

80
Q

Process of atmospheric nitrogen fixation

A

lightning

81
Q

Part of legumes where nitrogen fixation occurs

A

root nodules

82
Q

Managing or regulating resource use so it does not exceed the capacity of the species or system to renew itself.

A

conservation

83
Q

Ensuring species and ecosystem continuity regardless of their potential utility.

A

preservation

84
Q

Repairing damaged lands and waters of ecosystems.

A

restoration

85
Q

Ecosystems and biota with the ability to regenerate

A

renewable resource

86
Q

People harvesting natural resources for food, shelter, clothing, tools, fuel, etc.

A

consumptive use

87
Q

The exploitation of ecosystem resources for economic gain. Products are harvested and sold

A

productive use

88
Q

The maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be taken year after year without depleting the resource.

A

maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

89
Q

Large area of wetland in Florida that has been reduced to half its size through development and wetlands draining

A

Florida Everglades

90
Q

Catching fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce.

A

overfishing

91
Q

Raising aquatic organisms for food in a controlled environment. It is growing in developing countries.

A

aquaculture

92
Q

One of the world’s most diverse ecosystems that occupy shallow coastal waters.

A

coral reef

93
Q

Photosynthetic algae that live in a symbiotic relationship with coral animals

A

zooxanthellae

envs 1126 (6 decks)

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