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ENVS 1126 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

A

sublimation

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2
Q

The change from a gas to a liquid

A

condensation

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3
Q

The change from a liquid to a gas

A

evaporation

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4
Q

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

A

solvent

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5
Q

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

A

solute

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6
Q

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight => Oxygen + Glucose

A

photosynthesis

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7
Q

Oxygen + Glucose => Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (energy)

A

cellular respiration

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8
Q

A group of members of the same species living in an area. ex: only grey wolves in Yellowstone

A

population

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9
Q

The different kinds of living things in a community that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. ex: all grey wolves in the world

A

species

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10
Q

An interactive complex of communities and the abiotic environment affecting them within an area

A

ecosystem

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide absorbs infrared (heat) energy radiated from Earth’s surface, which warms the lower atmosphere

A

greenhouse effect

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12
Q

Variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part

A

biodiversity

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13
Q

Living factors in an environment.

A

biotic

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14
Q

Non-living factors in an environment.

A

abiotic

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15
Q

A transitional region between ecosystems that shares species and characteristics of both.

A

ecotone

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16
Q

A certain level where organisms grow or survive best

A

optimal range

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17
Q

The entire range allowing any growth

A

range of tolerance

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18
Q

Factors that interact to cause a greater effect than expected

A

synergy

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19
Q

Two or more atoms of the same or different kinds

A

molecule

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20
Q

Two or more different kinds of atoms

A

compound

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21
Q

The building blocks of all matter

A

atom

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22
Q

Composed of matter that is alive or was once alive. Contains carbon

A

organic

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23
Q

Organisms that make high-potential-energy organic molecules from low-potential-energy raw materials

A

producers

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24
Q

Organisms that live on the production of others. They obtain energy by feeding on and breaking down organic matter made by producers

A

consumers

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25
Change in population (can be either percentage of change, or numbers of individuals added or removed)
population growth
26
Migration to a new location
immigration
27
Migration from a location
emigration
28
The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area
birth rate
29
The number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time.
death rate
30
The amount the population has changed divided by the time it had to change.
growth rate
31
The average number of kids each woman has over her lifetime
total fertility rate
32
Curve showing continued growth explosion due to unlimited resources (exponential growth)
J curve
33
Curve showing logistic growth in which population growth levels off at the populations carrying capacity
S curve
34
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
carrying capacity
35
One way that humans have increased their carrying capacity
technology
36
The number of offspring produced under ideal situations
biotic potential
37
The biotic and abiotic factors that may limit a population's increase
environmental resistance
38
Survival through the early growth stages to become part of the breeding population
recruitment
39
Organisms that produce lots of young but leave their survival up to nature
R strategist
40
Organisms that care for the young they produce
K strategist
41
Control of a population by predation
top-down control
42
Control of a population that occurs as a result of scarcity of resource
bottom-up control
43
Interaction among species where one organism is harmed and one is helped. Ex: Wolf eating rabbit
predation
44
Interaction among species where both species are harmed. Ex: two rabbits eating the same grass
competition
45
Competition between different species
inter-species competition
46
Competition between the same species
intra-species competition
47
An arrangement between two species where both benefit. Ex: bees pollinating plants
mutualism
48
One species benefits while the other is unaffected. Ex: buffalo stir up insects for birds to eat
commensalism
49
Two species live close to each other and can be beneficial or harmful
symbiosis
50
The organism that does the feeding on prey
predator
51
The organism that is fed upon by a predator
prey
52
The organism that is fed upon by a parasite
host
53
An organism that attaches itself to another organism (the host), feeding on it over a period of time without immediately killing it, although it usually harms the host in some way
parasite
54
Species that play a crucial role in maintaining an ecosystem's biotic structure by moderating other species that would take over and allowing other less-competitive species to flourish
keystone species
55
Bacteria and viruses that cause disease
pathogen
56
The status of an organism within its environmental community
niche
57
The division of a resource and specialization in different parts of it
resource partitioning
58
A species that outcompetes a native species for food, space, predation, and other resources.
invasive species
59
Consumption of a diet consisting predominantly of plant foods.
vegetarianism
60
Each step in a food chain or food web
trophic level
61
high-income nations
developed country
62
middle and low-income nations
developing country
63
The amount of money a country makes
income
64
Equals population X affluence and consumption X technology. (I = PAT)
environmental impact
65
wealth of a country
affluence
66
Affects environmental impact by improving well being and minimizing degradation
technology
67
Way to moderate environmental impact by responsibly caring for it as humans.
stewardship
68
The process of initial invasion and progression from one biotic community to another in an area lacking plants and soil. Ex: moss on bare rock
primary succession
69
An area cleared by some disturbance and reinvaded by plants and animals from surrounding areas. Starts with preexisting soil. Ex: plants growing after a fire
secondary succession
70
A significant change that kills or displaces many community members
disturbance
71
Any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile.
fertilizer
72
Cycle of nutrients in the environment being replenished through the breakdown of organic compounds.
nutrient cycling
73
The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
carbon cycle
74
The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere
nitrogen cycle
75
Decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels.
ocean acidification
76
Measures the amount of charged hydrogen particles. Runs from 0 (acid) to 14 (base)
pH scale
77
Other forms of nitrogen that can be used by organisms
reactive nitrogen
78
Type of nitrogen that cannot be used by most organisms
non-reactive nitrogen
79
Process that makes atmospheric nitrogen usable
nitrogen fixation
80
Process of atmospheric nitrogen fixation
lightning
81
Part of legumes where nitrogen fixation occurs
root nodules
82
Managing or regulating resource use so it does not exceed the capacity of the species or system to renew itself.
conservation
83
Ensuring species and ecosystem continuity regardless of their potential utility.
preservation
84
Repairing damaged lands and waters of ecosystems.
restoration
85
Ecosystems and biota with the ability to regenerate
renewable resource
86
People harvesting natural resources for food, shelter, clothing, tools, fuel, etc.
consumptive use
87
The exploitation of ecosystem resources for economic gain. Products are harvested and sold
productive use
88
The maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be taken year after year without depleting the resource.
maximum sustainable yield (MSY)
89
Large area of wetland in Florida that has been reduced to half its size through development and wetlands draining
Florida Everglades
90
Catching fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce.
overfishing
91
Raising aquatic organisms for food in a controlled environment. It is growing in developing countries.
aquaculture
92
One of the world's most diverse ecosystems that occupy shallow coastal waters.
coral reef
93
Photosynthetic algae that live in a symbiotic relationship with coral animals
zooxanthellae

ENVS 1126 (6 decks)

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