EXAM 4 LEC 17

Question 1

yeast

Answer 1

unicellular

have genes from one CdK and 9 different cyclins

Question 2

humans

Answer 2

multicellular

have 21 genes encoding CdKs and 30 genes for cyclins

Question 3

apoptosis

Answer 3

programmed cell death
over 50% of nerve cells will die in developing nervous tissue
needed to complete body architecture
essential in xylem development

Question 4

cell necrosis

Answer 4

premature cell death
plasma membrane ruptures
cytosol released as oxidizing compounds and organelles
induction of inflammatory response

Question 5

affects of apoptosis on the cell

Answer 5

cell shrinks
cytoskeleton and nuclear envelope, DNA break up
cell surface proteins change
attract macrophages that phagocytose dying cell

Question 6

caspases

Answer 6

suicide protease used during apoptosis

Question 7

active caspase protease

Answer 7

formed by subunits from two procaspases combining

Question 8

initiator caspase

Answer 8

activation of this first family member activates other members

Question 9

cascading activation

Answer 9

hydrolytic activity of the cell
type and amount of proteolytic activity increases
regulated by Bcl2 family of proteins