EXAM 3 Lec 14

Question 1

signal formation

Answer 1

external to organism: light, temperature, small molecule

internal: formation in the signaling cell and used internally or exported

Question 2

signal molecule transport

Answer 2

long distance
intermediate
cell-cell contact

Question 3

signal interaction with cell

Answer 3

diffuse across plasma membrane

plasma membrane blocks internalization

Question 4

perception

Answer 4

conformation change binds to cell surface receptor and internal receptor
no perception, no signal

Question 5

first transduction

Answer 5

a conformational change converting the initial signal into an internally-generated signal

Question 6

endocrine signaling

Answer 6

whole body communication

hormones

Question 7

endocrine cells

Answer 7

specialized cells producing hormones (pancreas)

Question 8

paracrine signaling

Answer 8

local communication

local mediators

Question 9

paracrine cells

Answer 9

any cells producing local mediators

Question 10

autocrine signaling

Answer 10

self signaling

Question 11

hormones

Answer 11

circulate throughout the body

signal produced and secreted into the bloodstream

Question 12

local mediators

Answer 12

abundance varies locally

signaling molecules diffuse through extracellular fluid

Question 13

synaptic neuronal signaling

Answer 13

long distance but targeted
intracellular signaling by electrical depolarization
extracellular signaling by a neurotransmitter

Question 14

contact dependent signaling

Answer 14

signal molecule confined to the signaling cell

interaction with adjacent cell