EXAM 3 Lec 11

Question 1

active site

Answer 1

location of the reaction of an enzyme

Question 2

positive allosteric reaction

Answer 2

ADP accumulates and needs to make ATP, so ADP binds to an enzyme (at the allosteric regulatory site) that metabolizes glucose, changing ADP to ATP
binding of ADP changes the shape of the enzyme

Question 3

negative allosteric reaction

Answer 3

cytosine triphosphate (CTP) binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the aspartate trans and the enzyme changes its shape 
the altered shape inactivated the catalytic activity

Question 4

aspartate transcarbamoylase

Answer 4

early enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of pyrimidines (C, T, U)

Question 5

oxidation

Answer 5

the direct removal of an electron from a molecule

or the addition of oxygen

Question 6

in what form is an electron removed during oxidation

Answer 6

an electron plus a proton (hydrogen), or 2 electrons plus a proton (hydride ion)

Question 7

OIL

Answer 7

oxidation is the loss of hydrogen

Question 8

RIG

Answer 8

reduction is the gain of hydrogen

Question 9

what are examples of oxidation-reduction

Answer 9

respiration and photosynthesis

Question 10

stage 1 of catabolism

Answer 10

breakdown of macromolecules to simple subunits (either outside the cell or in lysosomes)

Question 11

stage 2 of catabolism

Answer 11

breakdown of simple subunits to pyruvate (glycolysis, net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH)

Question 12

stage 3 of catabolism

Answer 12

pyruvate decarboxylase (fermentation) vs. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 13

stage 4 of catabolism

Answer 13

complete oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2 (Krebs cycle)

Question 14

glycolysis

Answer 14

oxidative process
2 ATPs contribute phosphates to 1 sugar molecule
6-carbon sugar phosphate splits into 2 3-carbon molecules
3-carbon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxidized to pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
energy generation of 4 ATPs and 2 NADH per glucose

Question 15

general function of kinase

Answer 15

catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to molecules

Question 16

general function of isomerase

Answer 16

catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule

Question 17

general function of dehydrogenase

Answer 17

catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydrogen atom plus an electron (hydride, H-)

Question 18

general function of mutase

Answer 18

catalyzes the shifting of a chemical group from one position to another within a molecule

Question 19

function of kinase in glycolysis

Answer 19

adds phosphate to molecules for charging, like a battery

Question 20

function of isomerase in glycolysis

Answer 20

rearranges bonds and moves hydrogen atoms

Question 21

function of dehydrogenase in glycolysis

Answer 21

engages in oxidation-reduction reactions (removes electron and proton)

Question 22

function of mutase in glycolysis

Answer 22

rearranges chemical groups

Question 23

how many steps in glycolysis

Answer 23

10 enzymatic steps

Question 24

what generates 2 NADHs in glycolysis

Answer 24

oxidation-reduction

Question 25

what generates 4 ATPs in glycolysis

Answer 25

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 26

Embden-Meyerhol-Parnas pathway

Answer 26

view of glycolysis