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BIO 1B > Exam 4 - Integumentary system > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Integumentary system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of cells with similar appearance and common function.

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2
Q

True or False: Organs contain only one type of tissue

A

False, Organs can consist more than one type of tissue

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3
Q

What are the 4 main tissues in animals?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Nervous
  4. Muscle
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4
Q

Where is Epithelial Tissue found?

A

It is found covering outside of the body and the lines of internal organs and cavities

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5
Q

What is the function of the epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Function as a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens and fluid loss. ( since they’re so packed together)
  2. They secrete hormones, milk, mucus, digestive enzymes, sweat
  3. Some have cilia that moves substances over surface or through tubes
  4. Can convey into the nervous system (smell, taste)
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6
Q

Where is Stratified ciliated columnar found and its roles?

A
  1. Found in the RESPIRATORY TRACT and reproductive system.

2. Secretes mucus

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7
Q

What is the function of mucus?

A

its a form of defense to trap particles. We then cough it out later

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8
Q

Where is simple cuboidal found and its roles?

A
  1. Found in the ovaries, glands, KIDNEY.

2. its for absorption and secretion of variety of enzymes or hormones

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9
Q

Where is stratified columnar found and its characteristic

A
  1. Its found in the inner surface of the urethra.

2. It is flexible

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10
Q

Where is Stratified squamos found and its roles?

A
  1. Found in the upper layer of skin of the mouth, anal canal, vagina
  2. It is for protection since it has multiple layers.
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11
Q

Where is simple squamos found and its roles?

A
  1. Found in the alveoli of lungs

2. Its for fast exchange of gases (diffusion)

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12
Q

Where is simple columnar found and its roles?

A
  1. Found in the stomach, and intestines

2. To secrete enzymes and absorb nutrients.

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13
Q

What is the function of connective tissue and what does it consist of?

A
  1. Hold tissues and organs together and in place. They manufacture and secrete extracellular matrix
  2. The matrix consists of web of fibers embedded in a liquid , or a jelly like, or solid foundation.
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14
Q

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

A
  1. Bone
  2. hyaline cartilage
  3. Dense fibrous tissue
  4. Areolar tissue
  5. Adipose tissue
  6. Blood
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15
Q

What is the function of the bone C.T.

A

it gives support and protection

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16
Q

What is the function of Loose CT.

A

It acts like a glue. It binds the epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place

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17
Q

What are the components of Dense fibrous tissue and their functions?

A
  1. The components are Tendons and Ligaments. They are elastic
  2. Tendons attach muscles to bone
  3. Ligaments connects bones to joints
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18
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A
  1. its for protection, insulation, and storage of fat.
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19
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A
  1. It acts as cushions between vertebrae

2. It helps with attachment. (they provide strength and flexibility)

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20
Q

What is the function of blood C.T.

A
  1. it carries oxygen, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.
  2. Theres a variety of functions
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21
Q

Function of a red blood cell?

A

carries oxygen

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22
Q

Function of a white blood cell?

A

for defense

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23
Q

Function of platelets?

A

blood clotting.

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24
Q

What is the muscle tissue responsible for?

A

Responsible for nearly all types of body movement.

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25
Q

3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Smooth Muscle
  3. Cardiac Muscle
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26
Q

Which out of the 3 muscle tissues are voluntary?

A
  1. Skeletal muscles are voluntary.
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27
Q

Which out of the 3 muscle tissues are involuntary?

A
  1. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
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28
Q

function of skeletal muscle?

A

its responsible for voluntary body movements

29
Q

Function of cardiac muscle?

A

it pumps blood

30
Q

Function of smooth muscle?

A

Moves the walls of internal organs such as the stomach.

31
Q

Special characteristic of cardiac muscle in microscope?

A

Intercalated discs.

32
Q

Which out of the three muscle tissues are not striated?

A

Smooth muscle

33
Q

Function of intercalated discs?

A

They are the connecting point for fibers of cardiac muscles. This allows the muscles to relay signals from cell to cell and synchronize heart contraction.

34
Q

Function of nervous tissue?

A

They form a communication network

35
Q

Function of branching neurons of nervous tissue?

A

They transmit nerve signals that help control body activities

36
Q

What is the integumentary system and its function?

A
  1. Its the vertebrates skin
  2. It regulates body temperature, Produces Vitamin D, and provides info to the brain through sensory receptors that helps stabilize internal temperature.
37
Q

What 3 things does the integumentary system protect the animal from?

A
  1. Abrasions ( cuts, scrapes)
  2. UV radiation
  3. Bacteria, virus, fungi
38
Q

what type of skin does reptiles have and whats it for?

A

epidermal scales ( to reduce water loss)

39
Q

Epidermis can be broken into smaller components. What are the 5 strata of the epidermis from the lower level to the highest?

A
  1. Stratum germinativum
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
40
Q

What are the 3 components of the mamillian skin?

A
  1. Epidermis,
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
41
Q

The epidermis is composed of what 4 cells?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhans
  4. Merkel cells
42
Q

Function of keratinocytes?

A

Prevents water loss

43
Q

Function of melanocytes?

A

Pigment for skin color

44
Q

Where are langerhans found and what are they involved in?

A
  1. arise in bone marrow

2. Involved in immunity

45
Q

Where are merkel cells connected to and what are they involved in?

A
  1. They are connected to nerve tissues

2. They are involved in sensation of touch

46
Q

Where are langehans most prominent?

A

Stratum spinosum

47
Q

Where are keratinocytes most prominent?

A

Stratum corneum

48
Q

What are the 3 pigments found in the skin?

A
  1. hemoglobin
  2. Carotene
  3. Melanin
49
Q

What is the characteristic of carotene and what is it for?

A
  1. its yellow-orange pigment like carrots

2. Its a precursor for Vitamin A

50
Q

What is the characteristic of melanin and what is it for?

A
  1. its a black pigment produced by melanocytes

2. It protects skin from UV radiation.

51
Q

What happens to melanin if a person is exposed to more UV radiation?

A

More melanin will be produced.

52
Q

Where does melanocytes produce melanin?

A

synthesis occurs in an organelle called melanosome.

53
Q

The role of tyrosine in melanin production?

A

Tyrosinase and UV light will turn tyrosine into melanin

54
Q

What are the components of the dermis?

A

it has

  1. Dense connective tissue
  2. hair follicles
  3. sudoriferous glands
  4. sebaceous glands
55
Q

Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands are also called..

A

Cutaneous glands

56
Q

what are sudoriferous glands and their two types?

A
  1. They are sweat glands

2. The two types are ecrine and apocrine.

57
Q

What are the ecrine glands responsible for?

A
  1. Cooling

2. Secretion that contains 99% H2O, Salt, Urea, Ammonia, Vitamin C

58
Q

What are the apocrine glands responsible for and where are they found?

A
  1. They are for scent ( involved in sexual activity)

2. They are found in pubic, armpit, nipples

59
Q

What are sebaceous glands and their function?

A
  1. They are oil glands

2. They keep the skin and hair from drying out.

60
Q

What do hair bulbs contain?

A
  1. they contain a ring of cells called the matrix, thats derived from the germinativum
61
Q

What are hair bulbs responsible for?

A

They are responsible for growth and production of new hair

62
Q

What is responsible for hair color?

A

The amount of melanin

63
Q

When you have less melanin, what is your hair color?

A

Lighter

64
Q

When your have more melanin, what is your hair color?

A

Darker

65
Q

How do you get grey hair?

A

its a decline in the tyrosinase enzyme

66
Q

where are the nails produced?

A

the stratum germinativum

67
Q

Roles of hypothalamus in regulation of body temp?

A

the hypothalamus recognizes temperature and acts accordingly if temperature is high or low

68
Q

If temperature is too high in the body, how will it be regulated

A
  1. Blood vessels will dilate and more blood will come closer to the skin surface. This will cool off the blood.
  2. Sweat glands (sudoriferous) will activate and increase evaporative cooling
69
Q

If temperature is too low in the body, how will it be regulated?

A
  1. Skin blood vessels constrict
  2. Skeletal muscles activate ( by shivering)
  3. this will increase body temperature

BIO 1B (7 decks)

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