Exam 4 - endocrine

Question 1

what is function of exocrine?

Answer 1

secrets products onto free surface or into ducts ( sweat and oil glands)

Question 2

What is function of endocrine?

Answer 2

Secretes products into extracellular space and moves into the blood stream

Question 3

Major human endocrine glands found in brain?

Answer 3

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pineal Gland
3. Pituitary gland

Question 4

Major human endocrine glands found in neck?

Answer 4

1. Thyroid gland

2. Parathyroid gland

Question 5

Major human endocrine glands found in kidney?

Answer 5

1. Adrenal gland

2. Pancreas

Question 6

Major human endocrine glands found in reproductive system?

Answer 6

1. Ovary

2. Testes

Question 7

How do endocrine hormones and neurohormones function?

Answer 7

They fucntion as long-distance regulators of many physiological processes

Question 8

What are the three types of hormonal control pathways?

Answer 8

1. Simple endocrine pathway
2. simple neurohromone pathway
3. simple neuroendocrine pathway

Question 9

What regulates many hormonal pathways involved in homeostasis?

Answer 9

Negative Feedback

Question 10

How do we block a pathway?

Answer 10

1. Enzyme inhibition

2. blocking gene expression

Question 11

Three major classes of molecules functions hormones in vertebrates. what are they?

Answer 11

1. proteins and peptides
2. amines derived from amino acids
3. steroids

Question 12

Signaling by any of the three major classes of molecules involve three key events. what are they?

Answer 12

1. Reception ( binding to the receptor)
2. signal transduction ( series of chemical rxns)
3. response ( chemical/hormone released )

Question 13

Where can you find the receptors for most water-soluble hormones?

Answer 13

1. They are found embedded in the plasma membrane, projecting outwards form the cell surface.

Question 14

pathway of water soluble hormones?

Answer 14

1. The hormones bind to a signal receptor protein on the surface of the target cell
2. this interaction triggers events that leads to either a change in cytoplasmic function or a change in gene transcription in the nucleus.

Question 15

Pathway of a lipid soluble hormone?

Answer 15

1. The hormone binds to a transport protein to make it soluble when traveling across the blood
2. it then PENETRATES the target cells plasma membrane and BINDS to an INTRACELLULAR signal receptor, either in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus.

Question 16

what is another name for epinephrine?

Answer 16

1. adrenaline

Question 17

if epinephrine binds to a Beta receptor in the skeletal muscle what happens to the blood vessels?

Answer 17

they dialate

Question 18

if epinephrine binds to an alpha receptor in the skeletal muscle what happens to the blood vessels?

Answer 18

They constrict

Question 19

What happens when epinephrine binds to a beta receptor in the liver cell?

Answer 19

1. glycogen breaks down

2. glucose is released from cell to energize