Exam 4 - endocrine Flashcards
what is function of exocrine?
secrets products onto free surface or into ducts ( sweat and oil glands)
What is function of endocrine?
Secretes products into extracellular space and moves into the blood stream
Major human endocrine glands found in brain?
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal Gland
- Pituitary gland
Major human endocrine glands found in neck?
- Thyroid gland
2. Parathyroid gland
Major human endocrine glands found in kidney?
- Adrenal gland
2. Pancreas
Major human endocrine glands found in reproductive system?
- Ovary
2. Testes
How do endocrine hormones and neurohormones function?
They fucntion as long-distance regulators of many physiological processes
What are the three types of hormonal control pathways?
- Simple endocrine pathway
- simple neurohromone pathway
- simple neuroendocrine pathway
What regulates many hormonal pathways involved in homeostasis?
Negative Feedback
How do we block a pathway?
- Enzyme inhibition
2. blocking gene expression
Three major classes of molecules functions hormones in vertebrates. what are they?
- proteins and peptides
- amines derived from amino acids
- steroids
Signaling by any of the three major classes of molecules involve three key events. what are they?
- Reception ( binding to the receptor)
- signal transduction ( series of chemical rxns)
- response ( chemical/hormone released )
Where can you find the receptors for most water-soluble hormones?
- They are found embedded in the plasma membrane, projecting outwards form the cell surface.
pathway of water soluble hormones?
- The hormones bind to a signal receptor protein on the surface of the target cell
- this interaction triggers events that leads to either a change in cytoplasmic function or a change in gene transcription in the nucleus.
Pathway of a lipid soluble hormone?
- The hormone binds to a transport protein to make it soluble when traveling across the blood
- it then PENETRATES the target cells plasma membrane and BINDS to an INTRACELLULAR signal receptor, either in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus.
what is another name for epinephrine?
- adrenaline
if epinephrine binds to a Beta receptor in the skeletal muscle what happens to the blood vessels?
they dialate
if epinephrine binds to an alpha receptor in the skeletal muscle what happens to the blood vessels?
They constrict
What happens when epinephrine binds to a beta receptor in the liver cell?
- glycogen breaks down
2. glucose is released from cell to energize
