Exam 3b

Question 1

Earliest vertebrates?

Answer 1

Conodonts

Question 2

Distinct feature of gnathostomes?

Answer 2

Jaws

Question 3

How did the jaws first come?

Answer 3

They developed from pharyngeal gills. There were modifications of skeletal rods that supported the pharyngeal gill

Question 4

Earliest fossil of armored vertebrate?

Answer 4

placoderms

Question 5

What is special about chondricthyans? Features?

Answer 5

1. Chondricthyans have nothing but cartilage in their skeleton.
2. sharks rays are in here.
3. have 2 chambered hearts.
4. Ectodermic

Question 6

What is lateral line for chondricthyans?

Answer 6

Bunch of neurons are stimulated by mechanical vibration They use it to sense electrical fields produced by animals nerves and muscles

Question 7

What is spiral valve for in the sharks?

Answer 7

Used to create surface area for better digestion.

Question 8

What is Oviparous ?

Answer 8

Eggs hatch outside of motehrs body

Question 9

What is Ovoviviparous?

Answer 9

The embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by the egg yolk

Question 10

What is viviparous ?

Answer 10

Embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished through the yolk sac placenta from the mothers blood.

Question 11

What is the cloacal opening?

Answer 11

its an opening for feces , eggs, and urine

Question 12

How to distinguish sex in sharks?

Answer 12

Male has a clasper (flaps) female does not

Question 13

What is osteichthyans?

Answer 13

They are ray finned fishes

Question 14

What is the operculum used for in osteichthyans?

Answer 14

maintains supply of oxygen

Question 15

Why is h2o important for amphibians?

Answer 15

its for reproduction.

Question 16

What belongs to amphibians?

Answer 16

Frogs, toads, salamanders

Question 17

What is the amphibians key adaptation for survival?

Answer 17

1. three chambered heart

2. formation of lungs

Question 18

What belongs to eurodella? what does it stand for?

Answer 18

1. salamanders belong here

2. stands for tailed ones

Question 19

what belongs to ampoda? waht does it stand for?

Answer 19

1. caecilians

2. They dont have legs. they look like worms

Question 20

What belongs to anura? what does it stand for?

Answer 20

Frogs and toads belong here

2. They do not have tails

Question 21

how do amphibians compensate for their small lungs?

Answer 21

They can exchange gases through their skin. Their skin has to be moist

Question 22

What order is is relative to amphibians?

Answer 22

amniotes

Question 23

What animals belong to amniotes?

Answer 23

birds, reptiles, mammals

Question 24

What is special about amniotes?

Answer 24

they amniotic egg.

Question 25

What is good about amniotic egg that allows the species to not need water for reproduction?

Answer 25

They dont lose water easily like the eggs of amphibians because they have a hard shell 2. they have nutrients for the embryo

Question 26

What is contained in the yolk of the amniotic egg?

Answer 26

fats and fat soluble vitamins

Question 27

what is contained in the extraembryonic membrane?

Answer 27

amnion,chorian, yolk sac

Question 28

What are the early amniotes?

Answer 28

reptiles

Question 29

Special adaptations of reptilia?

Answer 29

1. skin keeps moisture in to not lose h2o 2. They have better lungs 3. They have internal fertilization.

Question 30

Difference between birds and reptiles?

Answer 30

birds are endoderm | all other reptilia are ectoderms

Question 31

What allows snakes to breathe while they take in their prey with their mouth?

Answer 31

tracheal tubes

Question 32

whats different about snakes and lizards?

Answer 32

snakes lack eyelids and external ears

Question 33

Snakes prey in 2 ways to eat LIVING prey. how do they do it?

Answer 33

1. they inject venom into their prey | 2. They constrict by wrapping themselves around their prey to crush their bones

Question 34

What is the pit organ used for in snakes? where is it located

Answer 34

it helps sense heat. they are used as thermal sensors for prey. its found underneath the nostril.

Question 35

What is the gluttis used for in snakes?

Answer 35

they open up for breathing when swallowing prey.

Question 36

What is the tongue used for in snakes?

Answer 36

they are chemo sensors that can tell the smell in the air

Question 37

If a snake has round pupils it

Answer 37

hunts at day

Question 38

if a snake has vertical pupils it

Answer 38

hunts at night

Question 39

if a snake has horizontal pupils

Answer 39

it hunts in trees (these pupils are for sense of depth)

Question 40

oldest bird?

Answer 40

acrhaeopteryx