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BIO 1B > Exam 3b > Flashcards

Exam 3b Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Earliest vertebrates?

A

Conodonts

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2
Q

Distinct feature of gnathostomes?

A

Jaws

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3
Q

How did the jaws first come?

A

They developed from pharyngeal gills. There were modifications of skeletal rods that supported the pharyngeal gill

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4
Q

Earliest fossil of armored vertebrate?

A

placoderms

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5
Q

What is special about chondricthyans? Features?

A
  1. Chondricthyans have nothing but cartilage in their skeleton.
  2. sharks rays are in here.
  3. have 2 chambered hearts.
  4. Ectodermic
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6
Q

What is lateral line for chondricthyans?

A

Bunch of neurons are stimulated by mechanical vibration They use it to sense electrical fields produced by animals nerves and muscles

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7
Q

What is spiral valve for in the sharks?

A

Used to create surface area for better digestion.

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8
Q

What is Oviparous ?

A

Eggs hatch outside of motehrs body

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9
Q

What is Ovoviviparous?

A

The embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished by the egg yolk

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10
Q

What is viviparous ?

A

Embryo develops within the uterus and is nourished through the yolk sac placenta from the mothers blood.

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11
Q

What is the cloacal opening?

A

its an opening for feces , eggs, and urine

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12
Q

How to distinguish sex in sharks?

A

Male has a clasper (flaps) female does not

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13
Q

What is osteichthyans?

A

They are ray finned fishes

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14
Q

What is the operculum used for in osteichthyans?

A

maintains supply of oxygen

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15
Q

Why is h2o important for amphibians?

A

its for reproduction.

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16
Q

What belongs to amphibians?

A

Frogs, toads, salamanders

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17
Q

What is the amphibians key adaptation for survival?

A
  1. three chambered heart

2. formation of lungs

18
Q

What belongs to eurodella? what does it stand for?

A
  1. salamanders belong here

2. stands for tailed ones

19
Q

what belongs to ampoda? waht does it stand for?

A
  1. caecilians

2. They dont have legs. they look like worms

20
Q

What belongs to anura? what does it stand for?

A

Frogs and toads belong here

2. They do not have tails

21
Q

how do amphibians compensate for their small lungs?

A

They can exchange gases through their skin. Their skin has to be moist

22
Q

What order is is relative to amphibians?

A

amniotes

23
Q

What animals belong to amniotes?

A

birds, reptiles, mammals

24
Q

What is special about amniotes?

A

they amniotic egg.

25
Q

What is good about amniotic egg that allows the species to not need water for reproduction?

A

They dont lose water easily like the eggs of amphibians because they have a hard shell
2. they have nutrients for the embryo

26
Q

What is contained in the yolk of the amniotic egg?

A

fats and fat soluble vitamins

27
Q

what is contained in the extraembryonic membrane?

A

amnion,chorian, yolk sac

28
Q

What are the early amniotes?

A

reptiles

29
Q

Special adaptations of reptilia?

A
  1. skin keeps moisture in to not lose h2o
  2. They have better lungs
  3. They have internal fertilization.
30
Q

Difference between birds and reptiles?

A

birds are endoderm

all other reptilia are ectoderms

31
Q

What allows snakes to breathe while they take in their prey with their mouth?

A

tracheal tubes

32
Q

whats different about snakes and lizards?

A

snakes lack eyelids and external ears

33
Q

Snakes prey in 2 ways to eat LIVING prey. how do they do it?

A
  1. they inject venom into their prey

2. They constrict by wrapping themselves around their prey to crush their bones

34
Q

What is the pit organ used for in snakes? where is it located

A

it helps sense heat. they are used as thermal sensors for prey. its found underneath the nostril.

35
Q

What is the gluttis used for in snakes?

A

they open up for breathing when swallowing prey.

36
Q

What is the tongue used for in snakes?

A

they are chemo sensors that can tell the smell in the air

37
Q

If a snake has round pupils it

A

hunts at day

38
Q

if a snake has vertical pupils it

A

hunts at night

39
Q

if a snake has horizontal pupils

A

it hunts in trees (these pupils are for sense of depth)

40
Q

oldest bird?

A

acrhaeopteryx

BIO 1B (7 decks)

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