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BECOM 3 > Exam #4 High Yield > Flashcards

Exam #4 High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

inc hCG and AFP

A

embryonal carcinoma

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2
Q

inc AFP

A

yolk sac

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3
Q

inc hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

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4
Q

finestaride MOA

A

inhibit 5a reductase (testosterone -> DHT)

-treats BPH

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5
Q

Prostate Cancer mutations

A

BRCA2
PTEN
HOB13
TP53

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6
Q

AMACR

A

prostate cancer identifier

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7
Q

where does prostate cancer travel 1st (LN)

A

obturator LN

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8
Q

time period to fix cryptorchism
infertility
malignancy

A

infertility: 18 months
malignancy: puberty

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9
Q

blue dot sign + torsion

A

mullarian duct remnant

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10
Q

spermatocele involves

A

epidiymus

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11
Q

Tamsulosin

A

urinary specific a blocker that dilates SM around prostate (BPH treatment)

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12
Q

Acute/Chronic prostitis treatment

A

quinolones

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13
Q

endometrial hyperplasia mutation

A

PTEN

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14
Q

Mastitis treatment

A

dicloxacillin
cephalexin
clindamycin

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15
Q

Endometria carcinoma
type 1
type 2

A

type 1: arise from endometrial hyperplasia (endometriod)
-PTEN
type 2: arise from endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (clear/serous)
-P53

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16
Q

leimyoma metastasis

A

lungs

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17
Q

leiomyosarcoma mutation

A

MED12

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18
Q

Cystadenocarcinoma associations

A

psammona bodies

inc CA-125

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19
Q

inc LDH and hCG

A

dysgerminoma

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20
Q

Call Exner bodies and coffee bean nuclei

A

granulose cell tumor

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21
Q

granulose cell tumor mutation

A

FOXL2

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22
Q

Meiger’s Syndrome includes

A

ovarian fibroma, ascites, pleural effusion

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23
Q

Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Menometrorrhagia
Oligomenorrhe

A

Menorrhagia: prolonged/heavy bleeding at reg intervals
Metrorrhagia: uterine bleeding at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhagia: prolonged/heavy bleeding at irregular intervals
Oligomenorrhe: uterine bleeding at intervals >35 days

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24
Q

inc risk for adenomyosis

A

C section

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25
Q

CEA is a marker for

A

ovarian mucinous tumor

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26
Q

Most common place for accessory breast

A

axilla

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27
Q

cause gynecomastia

A 
spironolactone
cimetidine
flutamide
liver disease
marijuana
hypogonadism
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28
Q

Candida treatment

A

fluconazole

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29
Q

clear chest Xray w severe symptoms

A

pneumocystis

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30
Q

inc LDH pneumonia

A

pneumocystis

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31
Q

pneumocystis agar

A

giemsa

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32
Q

pneumocystis treatment

A

high TMP-SMX

-can get worse before better w treatment

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33
Q

pneumocystis is associated w

A

pneumothorax

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34
Q

cryptoneoformin stain

A

mucicarmine (narrow based budding)

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35
Q

cryptococcus neoforman treatment

A

Amp B + flucytosine -> fluconazole

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36
Q

Amp -> intraconazole treatment

A

blasto
histo
coccidiodes

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37
Q

animal feces

A

toxo

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38
Q

retinitis and esophageal ulcers and treatment

A

CMV

-‘ciclovar

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39
Q

multilobar pneumonia in HIV patient most commonly

A

strep pneumo

haemophilus inf

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40
Q

frontal lobe lesion

A

toxo

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41
Q

toxo treatment

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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42
Q

retinitis and encephalitis

A

toxo

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43
Q

somatostatin dec

A

GH and TSH

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44
Q

ant. pit adenoma histo

A

uniform
cellular monomorphism
lack reticulum and supportive stroma

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45
Q

pituitary carcinoma mutation

A

HRAS and Rb

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46
Q

Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma

A

children
CTNNB1 mutation
wet keratin, machine oil cyst

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47
Q

Papillary Craniopharyngioma

A

adult

BRAF V600 mutation

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48
Q

B1 def

A

thiamine

beriberi, Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

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49
Q

B3 excess

A

niacin

Flushing

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50
Q

Vitamine D def

A

rickets, osteomalacia, hypocalcemia tetani

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51
Q

vitamine C excess

A

calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis

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52
Q

what drug to not use w ginseng

A

warfin

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53
Q

Vitamin helps absorb

A

iron

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54
Q

what should be taken w proton pump inhibitors

A

B12

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55
Q

don’t take …. w statins

A

niacin

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56
Q

Lead treatment

A

succimer

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57
Q

mercury treatment

A

succimer or dimercaperol

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58
Q

copper treatment

A

penicillinase

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59
Q

iron treatment

A

deferoxamine (IV)

deferasirax (oral)

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60
Q

arsenic treatment

A

dimercaprol

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61
Q

EDTA can cause

A

renal failure

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62
Q

garlic odor

rice water stool

A

arsenic poisoning

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63
Q

swollen painful thyroid, hyperthyroidism and treatment

A

thyroiditis

-NSAIDs and glucocorticoids

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64
Q

painless goiter, hyperthyroidism

A

amiodorone thyroiditis

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65
Q

thyroglossal duct remanent arises from

A

1st and 2nd pharyngeal pouch

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66
Q

radioactive iodine

Grave’s vs. thyroiditis

A

Grave’s: inc uptake

Thyroiditis: dec uptake

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67
Q

phyllode tumor chromosome

A

chromosome 1

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68
Q 
DCIS
comedo
cribriform
papillary 
solid
A

comedo: central necrosis
cribriform: punch out
papillary
solid

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69
Q

speculated on histo and peau d’ orange

70
Q

lymphocytic infiltrate IDC

A

medullary IDC

71
Q

single file

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

72
Q

cauliflower

A

intraductal papilloma

73
Q

chlamydia stages

A

1st elementary body (infect

2nd reticular body (replicate)

74
Q

WBC in discharge but no bacteria

75
Q

watery discharge

76
Q

chlamydia treatment

A

azithromycin

77
Q

gonnorhea treatment

A

ceftriaxone

78
Q

DGI treatment

A

ceftriazone and azithromycin for 7-14 days

79
Q

yellow green discharge

80
Q

DGI symptoms

A

hand lesions, septic arthritis, flexor tenosynovitis

81
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

strawberry cervix
swimming
>4.5 pH

82
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

+ whiff test

clue cells

83
Q

hard painless chancre

A

primary syphilis

84
Q

false positive for RPR (nontreponomal test)

85
Q

syphilis treatment

A

benzathine penicillin (want 4 fold dec)

86
Q

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction

A

febrile reaction after syphilis treatment

87
Q

prozone phenomena

A

so many antigens, antibodies don’t bind to test antigen

-dilute sample

88
Q

school of fish

A

haemophilus ducreyi

89
Q

soft painful chancre

A

haemophilus ducreyi

90
Q

safety pin on geimsa stain

A 
klebsiella granulomatis (granuloma inguinale)
-no skin left on balls
91
Q

disseminated Mac treatment

A

azithromycin

92
Q

CXR4

CCR5

A

CXR4: CD4+ cells
CCR5: macrophages

93
Q

env

A

gp120

gp41

94
Q

pol

A

integrase
protease
reverse transcriptase

95
Q

<500
<200
<100

A

<500: candida, HHV-8
<200: pneumocystis
<100: cryptococcus, toxo, MAC

96
Q

HIV viral windos

A

3-6 weeks

positive patient test negative

97
Q

ApoE4 Mutation association

A

dementia in HIV patients

98
Q

hiv rash

A

start at neck -> rest of body

  • oral ulcers
  • retro-orbital headache
99
Q

ataznavir and indinavir adverse effect

A

crystalluria

100
Q

cobistat adverse effect

A

inc creatinine

101
Q

abacavir adverse effect

A

inc MI

HLA B5701

102
Q

AIDs determining illnesses

A

mycobacteria and pneumocystis anywhere

everything else must be extra pulmonary or disseminated

103
Q

hyperaldosterone diagnosis

A

> 20:1 (aldosteron:renin)

-young patients w hypokalemia and dec renin

104
Q

Licorice

A

inhibits 11HSD -> inc aldosterone

105
Q

Liddle syndrome

A

gain of function mutation leading to inc Na+ absorption and inc K+ secretion

106
Q

Tb can lead to

A

adrenal insuf

107
Q

3B-HSD def

A

inc DHEA

dec everything else

108
Q

thyroid adenoma histo

A

completely encapsulated

109
Q

orphan Annie eye nuclei

psammoma bodies

A

thyroid papillary carcinoma

110
Q

thyroid papillary carcinoma mutation

A

RET translocation/inversion

BRAF

111
Q

invades capsule

monitor thyroglubin for recurrence

A

thyroid follicular carcinoma

112
Q

thyroid follicular carcinoma mutation

A

Pax8/PPARG translocation

RAS mutation

113
Q

amyloid

high CEA and calcitonin

A

thyroid medullary carcinoma

114
Q

thyroid medullary carcinoma mutation

A

RET1 point mutation

115
Q

inc 11C-metomidate-PET

A

adrenocortical adenocarcinoma

116
Q

Rulle of 10

A

pheochromocytoma

  • extra medullary
  • metastasis
  • bilateral
  • NOT associated w HTN
117
Q

pheochromocytoma characterized

A

turns brown w potassium dichromate
zellballen pattern
adults
benign

118
Q

neuroblastoma characterization

A

homer-wright pseudo rosettes
neurofilament stain
children

119
Q

MEN1 mutation

A

MEN1 chromosome 11

120
Q

MEN2A mutation

A

RET mutation

121
Q

MEN2B association

A

Mayan habitus

122
Q

glucagon association

A 
necrolytic migratory erythema
niacin def (pellagra)
123
Q

VIPoma sympotoms

A

water diarrhea
hypokalemia
dehydration

124
Q

Von Hippel Lindau Disease

A

VHL mutation on chromosome 3

pheochromocytoma, hemiangioblastoma (retinal), renal carcinoma

125
Q

oxytocin and ADH pathway

A

Gq -> IP3 + DAG -> inc Ca2+

126
Q

Levothyroxine should be take how

A

on empty stomach

127
Q

CYP11A1

A

cholesterol -> pregnolone

128
Q

anti smith

129
Q

schirmer’s test

A

sjogen’s

130
Q

anti-Ro/SS-A

anti-La/SS-B

A

sjogen’s

131
Q

speckled ANA

A

sjogen’s

MCTD

132
Q

anti-RNP

133
Q

anti-centromere

134
Q

anti-cardiolipin

A

antiphospholipid

135
Q

anti-histone

A

drug induce SLE

136
Q

drug induced SLE drugs

A

hydralazine
procainamide
quinidine

137
Q

HLA-B27 disease

A

ankylosis spondylitis
psoritatic arthritis
Reiter’s syndrome
enteropathic reactive arthritis

138
Q

non migrating arthritis

A

post strep arthritis

-10 days

139
Q

migrating arthritis

A

Rheumatic fever

-21 days

140
Q

enteropathic reactive arthritis
I
II

A

I: mono/oligarthritis
II: polyarthritis

141
Q

anti-CCP

142
Q

Plolymyalgia rheumatica

A

> 50
painful
normal CK
**low does steroids

143
Q

Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis

A 
40-50
weakness
inc CK
-high dose steroids
-azathioprine
144
Q

Polymyositis only

A

CD8+
endomysial
no skin involvement

145
Q

Dermatomyositis only

A

CD4+
perimysial
skin involvement

146
Q

anti-Jo and

A

anti-SRP

anti-Mi-2

147
Q

relapsing polychondritis symptoms and treatment

A

ear, nose, or eye inflammation

  • saddle nose
  • *NSAIDs
148
Q

Bechet’s Disease symptoms

A

oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis

149
Q

pathergy test

A

behcet’s disease

150
Q

rheumatoid treatment

A

hydroxychloroquine
methotrexate
cyclophosphamide
JAK/STAT inhibitor

151
Q

hydroxychloroquine adverse effect

A

color blindness

152
Q

cyclophosphamide adverse effect

A

leukopenia

153
Q

interstitial lung diseases

A

SLE
Dermatomyositis
Scleroderma

154
Q

inslinoma symptoms and treatment

A

hypoglycemia
inc insulin and C peptide
temporary relief by eat/drink
-GH

155
Q

Glucogonoma symptoms and treatment

A

necrolytic migratory erythema
diarrhea
hyperglycemia
-ocreotide

156
Q

somatostainoma symptoms and treatment

A

dec gut motility
dec gallbladder secretion
dec insulin
-ocreotide

157
Q

carcinoid diagnosis

A

5-HIAA in urine

niacin def. -> pellagra

158
Q

Neonatal Type 1 diabete mutation

159
Q

type 2 diabetes insulin resistance

A

failure to inhibit gluconeogensis
failure of glucose uptake
failure to inhibit hormone sensitive lipase (TAGs -> FA)
FA accumulation in Macrophages

160
Q

sorbitol builds up in

A

neurons
lens
retinal vessels

161
Q

diabetes vessel symptoms cause

A

non enzymatic glycosilation

162
Q

giant cell diagnosis

A

new headache, jaw pain, visual disturbances
fragmentation of elastin in tunica lamina
skin lesions

163
Q

Raynaud’s presents 1st in

164
Q

enlarged vessels in nail folds

A

scleroderma

165
Q

ESR is elevated in

166
Q

PAN symptoms

A

palpable purpura
renal issues
peripheral neuropathy

167
Q

Kawasaki’s symptoms

A 
asian child
fever
strawberry tongue
conjunctivitis
-CA aneurysm
168
Q

Beurger’s syndromen symptoms

A

Smoker
Raynaud’s
tingling in finger/toes
gangrene

169
Q

Churg Strauss symptoms

A

asthma
hypereosinophilia
vasculitis

170
Q

Henoch purpura symptoms

A

buttock palpable purpura
hematuria
GI pain
-follow URI

171
Q

Cryoglobinemia symptoms

A

immune complex spontaneously precipitate at low body temps

  • associated w hep C
    • cryoglobulin test

BECOM 3 (8 decks)

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