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BECOM 3 > Exam #3 Pharm > Flashcards

Exam #3 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

B-lactams MOA

A

MOA: bind PBP (transpeptidase) inhibiting peptidoglycan wall synthesis
-bactericidal

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2
Q

Penicillins overall side effects

A
  1. Hypersensitivity
  2. GI Distress (naseau, vomiting, diarrhea)
  3. Nephrotoxicity
  4. Neurotoxicity (seizures)
  5. Hematologic Toxicity (Drug induced hemolytic anemia)
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3
Q

drugs of choice for syphilis and Actinomyces infections

A

Penicillin G/V

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4
Q

Amp/Amox are given for? (organisms)

A 
HHELPSS kill enterococci
H inlfluenzae
H pylori
E coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterococci
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5
Q

Naficillin adverse effects

A

Leukpenia

inflammation of injection sight

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6
Q

Oxacillin adverse effects

A

inc liver enzymes

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7
Q

piperacillin-tazobactam has a synergistic nephrotoxic effect when paired w

A

vanomycin

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8
Q

Piperacillin adverse effects

A

leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
hepatitis

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9
Q

Ticarcillin adverse effects

A
  • associated w CHF (high Na+)
  • thrombocytopenia
  • hypokalemia
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10
Q

Piperacillin and Ticarcillin cover

A

pseudomonas

gram neg rods

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11
Q

1st Gen cyclosporins covers

A
  • gram + cocci

- PEcK (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella)

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12
Q

2nd Gen cyclosporins cover

A

HENS PEcK

  • H influenzae
  • Enterobacter
  • Neisseria
  • Serratia
  • (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella)
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13
Q

Cefotetan adverse effect

A

Hematological toxicities

disulfiram = flushing

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14
Q

workhorse of the cyclosporins?

A

3rd gen

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15
Q

Which cyclosporins cover Pseudomonas and Gram - aerobes

A

Ceftazidime

Cefapime

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16
Q

which cyclosporin can cover MRSA

A

ceftaroline

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17
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin adverse effects

A

Seizures

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18
Q

why is Cilastatin given w imipenem

A

prevents imipenem degradation by renal tubule brush border dehydropeptidase

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19
Q

Reserved for use in resistant Gram negative rod infections and complicated polymicrobial infections

A

carbapenems

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20
Q

what do you give if allergic to penicillins

A

monobactams (Aztreonam)

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21
Q

monobactams (Aztreonam) adverse effects

A

neutropenia in children

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22
Q

monobactams (Aztreonam) work against

A

gram - rods ONLY

pseudomonas

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23
Q

vancomycin adverse effects

A
  • Red Man Syndrome
  • nephrotoxicity
  • ototoxicity
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24
Q

Vancomycin treats

A

MRSA
Staph epi
C. diff
Enterococci

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25
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

blocks glycopeptide polymerization preventing bacterial wall synthesis

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26
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

put pores in cell membrane leading to depolarization and cell death

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27
Q

Daptomycin adverse effects

A

Myopathy

-dont give for pulmonary infections

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28
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

binds 30s subunit preventing tRNA from binding

-bacteriostatic

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29
Q

Tetracyclines include

A

Demeclocycline
Minocycline
Deoxycycline
Tetracycline

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30
Q

tetracyclines adverse effects

A
  • GI disturbances
  • Deposition in bones and teeth
  • Phototoxicity
  • Vertigo
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31
Q

Demeclocycline is used for

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

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32
Q

minocycline adverse effect

A

skin pigmentation when used for long periods of time

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33
Q

Tigecycline MOA

A

Reversibly binding to 30s ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis
-bacteriostatic

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34
Q

Aminoglyosides include

A 
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin
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35
Q

Aminoglyosides MOA

A

Binds to and distorts 30s ribosomal subunit causing misreading and disrupting protein synthesis

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36
Q

what is the most effective way to gives Aminoglycoside

A

Single large dose

-post-antibiotic effects where killing continues to occur after plasma level decline

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37
Q

Aminoglycoside adverse effects

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Paralysis
Skin rash

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38
Q

Aminoglycosides cannot be given for

A

anaerobes

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39
Q

most active aminoglycoside against pseudomonas

A

Tobramycin

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40
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit inhibition translocation

-“macroslides”

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41
Q

Macrolide Adverse Effects

A 
GI disturbances
Jaundice 
Ototoxicity
Prolonged QT interval
Hepatotoxicity
P450 inhibitor
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42
Q

atypical pneumonia treatment

A

macrolides

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43
Q

STD treatment

A

macrolides

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44
Q

Prolonged QT drugs

A

macrolide

fluoroquinolone

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45
Q

respiratory tract infections treatment

A

macrolides

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46
Q

what drugs shouldn’t be given with colchicine

A

Clarithromycin

Telithromycin

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47
Q

What shouldn’t be given if patient has jaundice/hepatitis

A

macrolides

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48
Q

What drugs are BIG P450 inhibits

A

macrolides

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49
Q

Treatment ofClostridioidesdifficileinfection

A

Fidaxomicin

Vancomycin

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50
Q

Fidaxomicin MOA

A

inhibits RNA polymerase preventing protein synthesis

-bactericidal

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51
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit inhibition translocation

-bacteriostatic

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52
Q

Clindamycin adverse effect

A

can cause C. diff

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53
Q

inhibits bacterial toxin production

A

clindamycin

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54
Q

treats anaerobic infections above diaphragm

A

clindamycin

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55
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

Bind to 23s ribosomal subunit of 50s inhibiting formation of 70s initiation complex and protein synthesis

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56
Q

linezolid adverse effects

A
  • serotonin syndrome
  • bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia)
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • retinopathy
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57
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA

A

binds 50s subunit preventing amino acids from being transferred to peptide chain

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58
Q

Chloramphenicol adverse effects

A
  • GRAY Syndrome
  • aplastic anemia
  • optic neuritis
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59
Q

STREPTOGRAMINS include

A

quinupristin

dalfopristin

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60
Q

STREPTOGRAMINS are active against

A

penicillin-resistant pneumococci, methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci (VRSA), and resistantE faecium

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61
Q

STREPTOGRAMINS adverse effects

A

-arthralgia-myalgia syndrome

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62
Q

chlorampenicol is broken down by

A

hepatic glucuronosyltransferase

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63
Q

chlorampenicol is used for

A

meningitis

rickettsia infections

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64
Q

SULFONAMIDES MOA

A

inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

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65
Q

trimethoprim MOA

A

inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase

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66
Q

drug of choice for nocardia

A

antifolate

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67
Q

sulfamethoxazole adverse effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
GI issues
Hematotoxicity 
Nephrotoxicity
interact w warfarin and methotrexate
68
Q

Trimethoprim adverse effects

A
  • folate def. (pregnancy)
  • megaloblastic anemia
  • hyperkalemia
69
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A
  • inhibit topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
  • inhibit topoisomerase IV

**bactericidal

70
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome can by causes by

A

Trimethoprim

Amp/Amox

71
Q

… increase the plasma levels oftheophyllineand other methylxanthines, enhancing their toxicity

A

fluoroquinolone

72
Q

fluoroquinolone adverse effects

A
  • TENDON rupture
  • prolonged QT interval
  • GI distress
  • headache
  • seizures
  • phototoxicity
73
Q

major drugs used in tuberculosis

A 
isoniazid (INH)
rifampin
ethambutol
pyrazinamide
streptomycin
74
Q

isoniazid MOA

A

binds B-ketoacyl acid synthase preventing synthesis of mycolic acid

75
Q

all RIPE drugs cause

A

hepatitis

76
Q

isoniazid can inhibit the metabolism of

A

carbamazepine and phenytoin

77
Q

isoniazid (INH) adverse effects

A

hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy
seizures

**INH Injure Neurons and Hepatocytes

78
Q

rifampin MOA

A

blocks DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

79
Q

single treatment for latent Tb

A

isoniazid

80
Q

which drug do you not want to give to rapid acetylators

A

isoniazid

81
Q

highly active againstM. leprae

A

rifampin

82
Q

rifampin adverse effects

A

hepatitis
orange sweat, urine, tears
P450 inducer

83
Q

preferred for TB patients connected with HIV

A

rifabutin

84
Q

PYRAZINAMIDE contraindications

A

gout

hepatic damage

85
Q

Ethambutol MOA

A

inhibits arabinosyl transferases involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan preventing cell wall formation

86
Q

ethambutol adverse effects

A
  • optic neuritis
  • VISUAL acuity and color discrimination
  • uric acid retention
87
Q

Mycobacterium aviumcomplex treatment

A

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin

ethambutol

88
Q

Dapsone MOA

A

inhibits dihydropteroate synthase in the folate synthesis pathway

89
Q

M. leprae treatment

A

Dapsone + rifampin

90
Q

Dapsone Adverse Effects

A

hemolysis
methemoglobinemia
peripheral neuropathy

91
Q

Prophylaxis and treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infections due toMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC)

A

Azithromycin

Clarithromycin

92
Q

Clofazimine use and adverse effects

A

Use: multibacillary leprosy in combination with other drugs

Adverse effects: pink-brown-blackish skin discoloration

93
Q

SABAs and LABAs side effect

A

tremors

94
Q

LABAs names

A

salmeterol
formoterol
indacaterol

95
Q

Asthma drugs that have milk hypersensitivities as contraindications

A

salmetrol
fluticasone
mometasone

96
Q

LABAs mainly used for COPD

A

Indacaterol

97
Q

Theophylline’s MOAs

A
  1. Inhibits PDE3 > PDE4 leading to reduced cAMP breakdown
  2. Adenosine receptor blocker: preventing bronchoconstriction
  3. Histone deacetylase activator: prevents transcription of inflammatory genes
98
Q

Theophylline adverse effects

A

Narrow therapeutic index
Seizure
Arrhythmia

99
Q

Ipratropium MOA (asthma drug)

A

inhibits muscarinic Ach receptor leading to dec parasympathetic system (bronchoconstriction and secretions)

100
Q

Ipratropium adverse effect

A

dry mouth bc muscarinic antagonist

101
Q

Corticosteroid names

A

Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Mometasone

102
Q

Corticosteroid MOAs

A
  1. Controls rate of protein synthesis by binding glucocorticoid response elements (GRE)
  2. Depress migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts
  3. Reverses capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization at the cellular level to prevent or control inflammation
103
Q

Cromolyn MOA

A

inhibits mast cell degranulation (histamine, leukotrienes, and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis)

104
Q

Cromolyn adverse effect

A

cough

105
Q

Omalizumab MOA

A

monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the Fc portion of human IgE preventing mast cell sensitization

Pharmacokinetics: 12-16 week onset

106
Q

Montelukast MOA

A

selective antagonist of the cysteine leukotriene-1 receptor not allowing for inflammatory bronchoconstriction to occur

107
Q

Montelukast adverse effect

A

Cough

Elevated serum hepatic enzymes

108
Q

Zileuton MOA

A

selective inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase preventing the formation of both LTB4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes

109
Q

Zileuton adverse effect

A

Headaches

Hepatotoxicity

110
Q

Roflumilast MOA and indication

A

MOA: selectively inhibit PDE4 in the lungs leading to dec inflammation (unlike other PDE inhibitors which inc cAMP and bronchodilation)

COPD exclusively`

111
Q

what to not give COPD patient s and why

A
  • inhaled corticoid steriods

- risk of bacterial pneumonia

112
Q

Theophylline use in COPD

A

inc diaphragm contractility

113
Q

Progression of meds for asthma

A
  1. SABA
  2. Low Dose ICS
  3. Low Dose ICS + LABA
  4. Medium Dose ICS + LABA
  5. High Dose ICS + LABA
  6. High Dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid
114
Q

1 for CHF

A

Furosemide

115
Q

1 for HTN

A

hydrochlorothiazide

116
Q

increase COX expression

A

Furosemide

117
Q

Don’t give for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia

A

hydrochlorothiazide

118
Q

Metabolic acidosis causing diuretic

A

acetozalomide

spironolactone

119
Q

Metabolic alkalosis causing diuretic

A

furosemide

hydrochlorothiazide

120
Q

Acetazolamide indication

A

glaucoma
altitude sickness
enhance excretion of weak acid drugs

121
Q

Furosemide electrolytes

A

dec Mg, Ca, K

122
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide electrolytes

A

inc Ca

dec K

123
Q

sulfa drugs

A

furosemide

hydrochlorothiazide

124
Q

diuretic increase risk for gout

A

furosemide

125
Q

ototoxic diuretic

A

furosemide

126
Q

diuretic that inc lithium levels

A

furosemide

127
Q

spironolactone adverse effects

A

gynecomastia

renal failure

128
Q

1 for hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone

129
Q

Liddles syndrome treatment

A

spironolactone

130
Q

ENaC inhibitors

A

amiloride

triamterene

131
Q

emergency reduction of intracranial pressure treatment

A

mannitol

132
Q

Mannitol adverse effects

A

CHF exacerbation

133
Q

V2 only antagonist

A

tolvaptan

134
Q

V1 and V2 antagonist

A

conivaptan

135
Q

treat staph and E. coli UTIs

A

nitrofurantoin

136
Q

treats complicated and uncomplicated UTIs

A

fosfomycin

137
Q

Cryptococcus treatment

A

Amp B

fluconazole

138
Q

headache main side effect

A

Zileuton

terbinafine

139
Q

Amp B adverse effects

MOA

A

fever/chills

MOA: pores in cell wall

140
Q

phototoxic

A

tetracyclines

fluoroquines

141
Q

p450 inducers

A

rifampin

griseofulvin

142
Q

P450 inhbitors

A

macrolides
streptogramins (Quinupristin-dalfopristin)
all azoles

143
Q

can give for MRSA

A 
vanco
dapto
linezolid
5th gen
clindamycin
144
Q

hepatotoxic

A

macrolides

voriconazole

145
Q

post antibiotic effect

A

aminoglycosides

146
Q

cilastin is given w

A

imipenem

147
Q

tazobactam is given w

A

pipercillin

148
Q

SJS

A

ampicillin

amoxicillin

149
Q

arthralgia/myalgia syndrome

A

quinipristin/dalfopristin

150
Q

SIADH

A

demecyclin

151
Q

paralysis

A

aminoglycosides

152
Q

statins colchine theophylline

A

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin
telithromycin

153
Q

glucoronocyltransferase

A

chlorophenicol

154
Q

Nocardia treatment

A

TRM-SMX

155
Q

hypokalemia

A

tigarcillin

156
Q

hyperkalemia

A

trimethromine

157
Q

dont use on scalp

A

ketoconazole

158
Q

lysosomes

A

amp B

159
Q

b glucans

A

fungins

160
Q

BRC/ABL

A

imatinib

161
Q

EGRF tyrosine kinase

A

Erlotinib

162
Q

B-raf and cancer

A

Vemurafenib

-melanoma

163
Q

EGFR monoclonal antibody

A

Cetuximab

164
Q

HER2

A

Trastuzumab

165
Q

cardiotoxic monoclonal antibody

A

trastuzmab

166
Q

Don’t give tizanidine w

A

Ciprofloxacin

167
Q

Don’t give w porphyria

A

Griseofulvin

BECOM 3 (8 decks)

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