Exam 4: Foreign Policy Flashcards
What is foreign policy?
programs and policies that determine America’s relations with other nations and foreign entities
States =
Nations
What makes up foreign policy?
Diplomacy
military policy
human rights
economic policy
what is diplomacy
our relationship with other countries
human rights =
providing care to citizens of other countries
What are 4 main goals of foreign policy?
- protection of U.S. citizens
- Access to key resources and markets
- Balance of power
- Protection of Human Rights
Foreign Policy can allow access to key resources and markets such as …
- military weapons
- goods and services
- avocado
- oil/ fossil fuel
What is the definition of balance of power?
states that a small group of countries are going to hold all the power
all countries are competing for the #1 spot of being the most powerful
What are some ways foreign policy can protect human rights?
- food
- health
- humanitarian resources
- clothes
- basic rights (equality) - helps country transition into democracy
What are 3 organizations that help with providing protection of human rights?
- United Nation
- North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO)
- Financial Aid to improve the quality of life
How many states make up the United Nations?
193 states/ nations
Why was the United Nations created?
created to prevent another World War
What are some of the topics that the UN focuses on?
- maintain peace with other countries
- work on relationships with other countries
- work on social growth & human rights
What two nations are not involved in the United Nations?
- Palestine
- Vatican City (smallest country in the world)
What is NATO?
countries who are bounded by a treaty to protect each other militarily
What is an example of NATO?
if the US goes to war, then all the other countries involved in NATO will also go into war
How many countries are involved in NATO?
31
What countries are involved in NATO?
Canada
United States
Western European Countries
How does the US carry out Foreign Policy?
through:
1. trade policy
2. Diplomacy
3. Global Environment policy
4. Military Strategy
Trade policy is basically
how we are going to trade goods with other countries
What is free trade?
where the united states lower tariffs in order to promote trade with other countries
what is an outcome of free trade?
it makes our goods cheaper
What is protectionism?
where the united states is going to raise tariffs in order to protect the United States
What is an example of protectionism?
when the united states raised tariffs on avocados coming in from Mexico, bc the cartel was hiding cocaine in avocados
What is a negative outcome of protectionism?
items get more expensive
Diplomacy is how …
how we are going to have a relationship with other countries in order to have peace
How do we carry out diplomacy?
Through
1. ambassadors/ diplomats
- embassies
What is the role of ambassadors?
are assigned to countries, live in that country, and work on our relationship within those countries
What are some benefits of embassies?
- promote tourism
- Help US citizen while traveling abroad
T/F: embassies and ambassadors are located in every country.
FALSE
The United States WILL NOT have embassy and ambassadors In countries that we do not have a good relationship with.
How are foreign policies carried out by military strategy?
when the govt. has to decide what level of force/ power to enforce on different countries
What is soft power?
where the united states attempts to use positive relationships in order to achieve a goal
what are some examples of soft power?
tourism
sports & entertainment
What is hard power
where the US is going to use some level of force in order to achieve a goal
what are some types of hard power?
- Economic Sanctions
- Military Force: bombs, guns, & stuff
Economic Sanctions and Military force are examples of
Hard Power
What are economic sanctions
where the United States puts economic limitations on a country in order to disrupt their economy
What are some examples of economic sanctions?
- restricting trade
- blocking bank accounts
- banning oil
- restricting flights to these countries
T/F: The US starts with economic sanctions before war or sending troops
TRUEE
What is Isolationism?
a strategy were countries will NOT get involved with other countries conflict
What are some examples of isolationism?
Switzerland
the US post WW2
What is Liberal Internationalism?
a strategy were countries WILL INTERVENE in other countries conflict in order to END said conflict
what is an example of liberal internationalism?
the Vietnam War
What is the Grand Strategy?
were the United States will build military bases in other countries, in order to have a quick response to conflict
what was the governments reasoning behind the grand strategy?
in order to have a quick response to conflict
Where are most military bases, due to the grand strategy, located?
in the Philippines, bc it it closer to china
Why was the grand strategy effective?
the whole idea of balance of power
Constitutionally who is able to declare war?
CONGRESS, under Article 1, Section 8
T/F: the president cannot declare war
FALSE
the president can declare war under its inherit powers
how can the president declare war?
under its inherit powers (commander in chief responsibilities)
What did the War Power Act establish?
stated that the president can declare war or order military mission for up to 60 days, after 60 days congress has to approve it every 30 days
The War Power Act was later replaced by the __(1)__ due to __(2)__
- Authorization for Use of Military Force
- 9/11
What did the Authorization for Use of Military Force establish?
when Congress gave the president the authority to use all “necessary and appropriate” force against nations, organization, or person they believed were involved AND could also order future mission to prevent terrorism.
T/F: the Authorization for Use of Military Force is still in affect today
TRUEE
The Authorization for Use of Military Force, in essence,
REMOVED congress from declaring war and ordering military missions
Why is congress looking to re-visit the Authorization for Use of Military Force?
Because this act makes the president really powerful
Who makes Foreign Policy?
- President/ executive branch
- National Security Council
- The State Department
How can the president make foreign policies?
Through:
1. executive agreements
- Bush Doctrine
Recent presidents have used foreign policies to
order military missions
What did the Bush Doctrine establish?
Stated that the US will respond immediately to any threat
The national security council is also called
the Sub-Cabinet
who is in the National Security Council?
- President
- Vice President
- Secretary of State
- Secretary of defense
- Director of the CIA
- Director of the FBI
- United Nation Ambassadors
- National Security Advisors
What are the roles of the National Security Advisors?
- oversee the national security council
- makes sure that all information is gathered and the presidents foreign policy is carried out
What are the roles of the Nation Security Advisors?
- manage foreign policy
- synthesize national security information from our bureaucratic government, then they help the president based on this synthesis
- collectively make decisions of foreign policy
what is the role of the state department
oversees the day to day operations of foreign policy
What are some examples of the state department carrying out/ making foreign policies?
- embassies and ambassadors
- ceremonial visits
What are some challenges to foreign policy?
- no true authority
- differing views on government rules
- issues transcend border
How is the concept of no true authority a challenge for foreign policy?
there is no world police system and ultimately countries are going to do what they want
How is the concept of differing views a challenge for foreign policy?
not everyone has a democracy. with that being said many world leaders cannot/ do not get along with other countries
How is the concept of issues transcend borders a challenge for foreign policy?
sometimes issues go beyond a governemnt
What is an example of issues that transcend borders?
terrorist groups
The attack of 9/11 was not cause by a specific government. Still the US sent troops to these areas and attacked citizens and buildings
what was the most recent country that joined NATO
Sweden
what is the purpose of foreign aid
it encourages other countries to support our goals
what percentage of the total american budget is spent on foreign aid?
1%: 50 billion
T/F: Germany is the largest world aid donor
FALSE
its the UNITED STATES
Where does American foreign aid pay for?
- to fight diseases: HIV & AIDS
- natural disasters
- war
4.supports international organizations such as the UN development program or the World Bank
- funds programs that promote free-market and democracy
- military and security
What are some roles of the UN Development program and the World Bank?
- reduce infant death
- build highways or ports in poor countries
what countries receive the most military aid from the US?
- Israel
- Egypt
- Afghanistan
- Jordan
why is foreign aid beneficial?
- promotes alliances
- promotes democracy, trade, and economic growth
- helps prevent conflict that might lead to military intervention
- can help fight terrorism
